...The American Civil War, which lasted from April of 1861 to May of 1865, is among the bloodiest (and most decisive) wars in American history. Proposed by Stephen A. Douglass, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was introduced to not only pave way for a northern transcontinental railroad and bring Nebraska into the Union, but also to solve the problem of slavery in new territories and, ultimately, reduce sectional conflicts. However, the Act failed; Northerners became angry at the contradiction of the Missouri Compromise, and sectional conflicts between the North and the South heightened to extremes. The relations between the North and the South worsened over time. At one point, there came a period of violence and bloodshed known as “Bleeding Kansas”...
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...The Union Beginning in April of the year 1861, the northern states and the southern states battled after President Abraham Lincoln took office and vowed to rid the southern territories of slavery. The southern territories were not even considered states at the time and decided to secede from the northern states. The northern states called themselves the Union while the southern states were considered the Confederacy. In this paper, I will discuss some respective advantages and disadvantages of the Union and how these elements manifested during the American Civil War. Let’s start off with an advantage the Union had over the Confederacy. The Union had far more valuable leadership such as Ulysses S. Grant. (World History Group, n.d.) Ulysses worked his way up through the ranks of the Army starting as a volunteer. The victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg put Ulysses in the public eye and was promoted to Lieutenant General and named commander of the entire Union army by President Lincoln. (Ulysses S. Grant, n.d.) Ulysses surrounded Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s army in Northern Virginia and Lee eventually surrendered to the Union at Appomattox...
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...Question 1: What advantages did the confederacy possess that allowed it to enjoy considerable military success in the early years of the war? Going into a war where the odds were against them in population, industry, and capital, amazingly, the Confederacy still managed to get an upperhand in the beginning. The South had several advantages that put them in the lead; their morale was a key influence in surviving the war. The South compared the North like the British, overmatched enemies trying to revoke their rights. In addition, the South was enormous and a great land to attempt to conquer; the South took this opportunity to unify the states and “fight a defensive war” (pg. 377). Despite the morale and land, the South defeated the North when it came to leadership in generals. If the North had any decent generals in the first half of the war, the odds might have been different, but the South was able to fight due to the immense leadership skills...
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...The American Civil War is said to be “the last ancient war and the first modern war.” One of the last wars with mass cavalry units and the first war which railroads placed a major part. This was a difficult time for the North and South, not only were they fighting a Civil War, they were adjusting to new inventions. They have gone from horse-drawn carriages to railroads, medical practices that had barely changed in a hundred years; were now treating wounds caused by new inventions. This would be a new kind of war for both the North and South. Prior to the Civil War each side had its advantages and disadvantages. If you were to compare them you would find differences in economic, social to cultural even transportation then any similarities. With so many difference and beliefs it’s no wonder they tore the nation apart, fought against family members and destroyed property. The South was in all aspects following behind the North and did not except or want changes imposed by the North. Regardless of the differences perhaps at the beginning of the war the South was ready to defend its way of life. Their over all differences lead to the Civil War and it was not solely because of slavery, but the right to live as they had for years. Before the war you had the upper and lower South who did not agree to secession at the same time. This caused a dividing line not only was the North and South divided the South was divided between its self. These eight states, Kentucky, Tennessee...
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...Aside from disease and starvation, heavy gunnery has been the largest cause of wartime casualties. During the Civil War, artillery was used as a weapon of mass destruction and psychological warfare.(Source 1) The sight of the large weapons struck an enemy with fear, the noise of the cannon chilled to the bone, and impact from a projectile was most certainly fatal. The Civil War was a time of innovation in the artillery branch, more so on the Union side than the Confederate. With its more advanced industrial infrastructure, the Union was able to readily produce artillery weapons and thus held a significant advantage over the more rural and agricultural South. Artillery weapons were important in every battle, as they provided more firepower...
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...SIERRA LEONE CIVIL WAR: POWER OF SUCCESSFUL INTERVENTIONS The history of Sierra Leone from 1991 to 2002 is written with continuous suffering of its people. Although many literatures argue that opportunities of economic profit in the diamond mining industry is the motivation of the conflict, long history of poor institutional building with a consequence of malnutrition in Sierra Leone’s capacity in face of political instability also led to the long-lasting of war. The absence and insufficient ability of the civil government prohibited the state’s normal provision of fundamental functions, namely rule of law, security, and economic development. Tensions between the authority and the anti-government armed forces grew at a fast pace, brutal violations of humanity was commonly seen everywhere. Series of military interventions with a goal to restore stability and provide humanitarian aid ended in vain, only brought more destructions to the nation. The conflict in Sierra Leone consists of a complex mixture of key stakeholders, including domestic and neighboring countries’ politicians, local and cross-border militia, mercenary troops, diamond companies, regional and international organizations. The complex interactions between each player contributed to the decade-long civil war in this West African country. Unlike many countries...
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...As a matter of scholarship, civil wars lack the extensive breadth and volume of study that interstate conflict enjoys in international relations. This is especially surprising considering the remarkable longevity and death toll associated with intrastate wars. The Republic of Guatemala, a post-colonial representative democracy, is the most populous Central American country; incidentally, this nation of sixteen and a half million people have been wrought with the military and socio-political disputes provoked by the ethnic and socio-economic status of its citizens. The resulting civil war had been one of the most deadly and enduring military contests on the American continent. The fighting between the government and rebel groups lasted over...
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...Evaluating the role of ethnic identity in explaining the occurrence of contemporary civil conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa. High hopes for many newly independent states of Africa became diminished as the 1990s saw over a quarter of the continent's states facing armed insurgencies within their borders (Young, 2002: 534). Commentators often point to pathological, deep-seated hatreds in an African tribal mosaic as the bases of such conflict. The fact is, however, that the continent is awash with political grudges, ethnically-framed and otherwise, but civil wars rarely break out. Thus this essay seeks to take a more nuanced approach to understand the analytical challenge posed by such disorder. Starting out by countering the centrality of ethnic identity, it firstly seeks to demonstrate that ethnic identities do not exist primordially, but that they are constructed on weak foundations. Secondly it endeavours to show that where cleavages do exist along lines of cultural difference, simple heterogeneity is insufficient to account for the outbreak of conflict. Next, it moves to underline the fact that more important in explaining civil conflict is whether such conflict is feasible. This is understood both in terms of the perceived capacity of the state and in terms of the viability of insurgency for would-be rebels. A final conclusion will then be expounded that ethnicity is not a central factor, but that it is simply one of a number of strategies under which conflict may be framed...
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...Historians still argue about the extent to which the Civil War was the first "Modern" war, but it is impossible to deny that the technology with which it was fought foretold the ways in which future wars would become bigger, bloodier and more devastating. Once the war started, communications technologies ensured that Americans would have much better access to war reports and images than in any previous war. In addition to these field reports, the magazine also published hundreds of articles about the new technologies that were being deployed during the war or tested for possible use. Almost every issue that appeared during the war years contained multiple articles on the newest developments in the construction of warships and weaponry. If the...
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...During the Civil War, a lot of things changed in America. Ranging from lines being drawn, friendships coming and going, policies being made and changed, and above all, people’s ideas and beliefs being reshaped to accommodate what they saw and felt during the war. It has been said that the war can change a person. Meaning that one can go into the war with no experience and be innocent as a lamb, and then come out being haunted by what they saw. Over the century and a half since the war, there have been many novels written by writers who have had military experience or are more experienced altogether. A writer such as Michael Shaara, winner of the Pulitzer prize, for his novel, The Killer Angels. Shaara’s novel is written in an entirely different light than Crane’s. In particular, the way that Shaara starts The Killer Angels, is...
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...Revolution to Civil War By Maya Bhardwaj Abstract: social movements and regime change across the Middle East and North Africa. While interconnected, uprisings in each nation took different forms and reached out distinctions and interactions between uprisings, revolution, and civil war. standing scholarly debate. The presence or absence of civil war is examined in examinations of civil war: the nature of the governmental regime, territoriality complete understanding of what constitutes civil war and provides a framework 76 Introduction the Middle East, authoritarian regimes thought invulnerable to protest and impossible to oust began to cede to massive protest. Attacks on governmental institutions and elite leaders ensconced from public opinion developed divergently in each nation, employing tailored strategies to mobilize the public and reap key support. This paper focuses on the nature and development of these Arab Spring further use these distinctions to illuminate the conceptual, instrumental, and semantic nature of civil war in general. - exacerbated the grievances felt by rebel forces and smoothed over ethnic, religious, and tribal ten- trastingly, in Syria, instances of mild reform under Bashar al-Assad, popular concerns for security, kept civil war at bay. Conceptual Isolation of Civil War presence or absence of civil war. However, the scholarly distinction between civil war and other insurgency and counter-insurgency, uprisings, genocide or genocidal...
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...| Course SyllabusCollege of HumanitiesHIS/115 Version 3U.S. History to 1865 | Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides an overview of the social, political, economic, and global events that have shaped the American scene from colonial times through the Civil War period. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Schultz, K. M. (2012). HIST2, Volume 1 (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: Contact, Settlement, Slavery | | Details | Due | Points | Objectives | 1.1 Describe the clash of cultures that took place in North America between the Native Americans, colonists, and Black slaves. 1.2 Describe the establishment of early colonies. 1.3 Describe the development of regional differences among the...
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...“Man is the only animal that deals in that atrocity of atrocities, War” (Twain). Prior to the Civil War, literature usually consisted of Romanticism, an idealistic style of writing. The aftermath of the war brought a wide-range of changes to the way of life, as people knew it in the late 1800s to early 1900s. America transitioned from a rural society depending mainly upon agriculture, to an urban society that was becoming industrialized. Ultimately, this led to a major economic and social divide between the wealthy and the poor, creating a great strife between them. Taking witness to all the inequalities surrounding them, writers saw their opportunity to tell stories with realistic characters and descriptions to connect the reader on a more relatable level. This movement became known as the Realist Era. Driven by their conviction that literature could bring about genuine social change, Mark...
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...the high seas, but never over territorial sea of another state -Art.1 1944 Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation: “every state has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the space above its territory” -It is a serious breach of international law for a state to order to violate the air space of another state (for e.g. USA military aircraft attacked, forced to land or shot down by Hungary, USSR, Czechoslovakia-a number of incidents) -Does the states have an unlimited right to attack intruding aircraft in all circumstances? -Lissitzyn principle (from 1953)-important (book!) -Some states support Lissitzyn principle and that flexible approach to civil aircraft as well as military craft, but other states including ICAO-International Civil Aviation Organization, believe that civil aircraft must never be attacked in such circumstances -The rule that (it is not indeed a rule) trespassing civil aircraft must never be attacked does not mean that they have a legal right to trespass -Assembly of ICAO in 1984 adopted an amendment to 1944 Chicago Conv. On the Int. Civil Aviation which confirms that “every state, in the exercise of its sovereignty is entitled to require the landing at some designated airport of a civil aircraft flying above its territory without authority.” and that “every state must refrain from resorting to use of weapons against civil aircraft in flight and that, in case of interception, the lives of persons on board and the safety of aircraft must...
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...predecssors. “The Arab Spring” as it was called began in Tunisia and spread across the region (Al Jazeera). The protestors in this revolt wanted a myriad of things. Some wanted democracy, respect for civil rights, and some want Islamization of government and a movement to theocracy. Syria, once a province of the Ottoman Empire, is a small middle-eastern nation between Lebanon and Turkey. In March 2011, pro-Democracy Arab Spring protestors who were marching to decry the arrest and torture of teen graffiti artists were fired upon by police. After the shootings, many more protestors joined the public displays of defiance (BBC ). After nationwide unrest and a refusal by President Assad to abdicate, the protestors began to arm themselves (Semple). The violence in the country escalated so quickly that by June of 2013, 90,000 people had been killed in the fighting and that number moved to 250,000 by August of 2015 (BBC ). Into the fray came the self-stylized Islamic State. This terrorist group which is opposed to Assad is fighting to create a Muslim caliphate throughout Iraq and Syria. In June of 2014, the group claimed that it’s caliphate had been established, which lead to US airstrikes to destroy the group, thus entering another belligerent into the fight (BBC). The Syrian Civil War was killed more than 250,000 people and approximately 11-12 million of the nation’s 22 million people are displaced. Approximately 6.5 million people are displaced inside of the country, with ~4.5...
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