... rubella and toxoplasmosis), medications during pregnancy(alcohol, aspirin, lithium, thorazine, anticonvulsants, hormones, retinoic acid, and nicotine). The general appearance of children with HPE may have a smaller head, extra fluid on the brain and different degrees of mental disabilities. The facial disability is the flattened nose and the cleft lip and palate. These children also have uncontrolled seizures. There three type of HPE the mildest is Lobar HPE where the brain almost separates into hemispheres in these cases the brain function almost normally. The next type is semilobar HPE this type occurs when the brain is only partially divided. Semilobar HPE occurs when the left and the right frontal and parietal lobes are fused and the inter part of the brain is only partial fused. The worse on and the one my patient has is called Alobar HPE. It is where the brain is one large lobe. There is not any division of the lobes at all. These children only live to the age of four to six months. There is no cure or treatment. Treatment is aimed in keeping the child comfortable. Google Images Uptodate wolters Kluwer facial clefts and holoprosencephaly,...
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...Anatomy and Physiology: In order to understand about cleft lip and palate we must know the complete anatomy and physiology of cleft i.e. we must know what is cleft? What is the normal and abnormal anatomy?, what are the factors that causing clefts? Etc. As the number of children’s with cleft lip and palate increasingly day by day that's why there is a critical need of effective and appropriate diagnosis and treatment of person's suffering from cleft lip and palate. 1. Hard palate: In simple words we can say that hard palate is a bony part of the roof of the mouth. We cannot see the bones because it is covered by the mucosa ( moist , pink tissue covering the body parts ). When you open your mouth you can see the hard palate which is present in front of your mouth. Hard palate is made up of processes of maxilla and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones. It is bounded: • Anteriorly and Laterally : alveolar arches or maxillary teeth • Superiorly : respiratory epithelium of nasal cavity • Inferiorly : masticatory epithelium of oral cavity • Posteriorly : connected to the soft palate Blood supply of hard palate is mainly from greater palatine artery and nerve supply is via tha anterior palatine and nasopalatine nerves. [2] 2. Soft palate : It also known as " Velum palatinum ". Posteriorly hard palate...
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...The word cleft means a gap or split between two things. A cleft lip is a split in the upper lip. This can happen on one or two sides of the lip, creating a wider opening into the nose. A cleft palate is a split in the roof of the mouth. This leaves a hole between the nose and the mouth. Sometimes a cleft lip and cleft palate occur together. Cleft lip and cleft palate are very common and occur in about 1 or 2 of every 1,000 babies born in the United States each year. Cleft lip and cleft palate are birth defects. This means they happen while a baby is developing. Normally, the mouth and nose of a baby develop between the first 6 and 12 weeks of growth inside the mother. In some babies, parts of the lips and roof of the mouth don't grow together. Because the lips and the palate develop separately, it's possible to have cleft lip alone, cleft palate alone, or both together. The use of ultrasound before birth of the offspring can detect the presence of cleft in an infant, but a physical examination of the lip, mouth, and nose can only confirm the true presence of the disorder. One good thing about diagnosis testing is that it has been known to rule out any other forms of abnormalities. What Happens to a Kid With Cleft Lip or Cleft Palate? A baby with cleft lip and cleft palate may have other difficulties that include feeding problems, middle ear fluid and hearing loss, dental problems, and speech problems. Several factors may increase the likelihood of a baby developing a...
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...Every year, babies are born all over the world with all kinds of malformations, which are mostly caused by outside forces acting upon it. These outside forces can include alcohol, smoking, illegal drugs, and other things; however, for the malformation, cleft lip, doctors have not found the exact cause (WebMD). Cleft lip is a malformation of the lip where there’s not enough skin to attach one side of the upper lip with the other. According to WebMD, a medical information website, there’s a “psychical split or separation of the upper lip and [it] appears as a narrow opening or gap in the skin of the upper lip” (WebMD). Cleft palate, along with cleft lip, are often called “orofacial clefts” (cdc.gov), and is common as well, and can occur alongside cleft lip. Cleft palate is where the roof of the mouth has a split due to not enough tissue being there, and both cleft palate and cleft lip can split on both sides of the mouth (WebMD). Each year, according to the CDC, there is approximately 2,650 babies that are born with a cleft palate and 4,440 babies born with cleft lips or cleft palate in the United States....
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...Aldous Huxley captures the effect of the application of scientific methods to procedures in the modern American society to a more substantial degree than ever, recognized by readers of his novel, Brave New World. This portrays a world centered around scientific progress and control. Huxley brings to light the extremity of influence given to Americans by revolutionary science. In an effort to forever improve, society has conformed to many ways of fixing imperfections. From surgeries and medications for honest sicklings to injections for greedy, pretentious abusers, people as a whole have transformed from the good ole days to the fast-paced, materialistic world. While discoveries in science are often for the benefit of society, is it possible that these newfound treasures are actually a preface for rot and ruin? Since most little girls could remember, the only way it seemed plausible to become successful was by living in the body of Cinderella or Barbie or Miss America. As they began to mature, nothing changed. The image remained as a beautiful bag of bones when media and celebrities were constantly thrown in their face. In the past, if they didn’t have “the look”, they were left hopeless and self-conscious. Thankfully, some idiot decided they would abuse the power of nature and science by providing these girls with an answer to their prayers. Plastic Surgery! What they didn’t account for was the impact. Now, not only were the glamorous allowed to have the image, everyone was-again...
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...Children with Clift lips and palates. Because insurance companies say clefts do not need to be fixed and that they are cosmetic only, it is difficult getting help covering the cost, also It is difficult getting help raising a child with extra needs such as speech therapy. There are several ways to help prevent clefts such as taking folic acid while pregnant. Kids with clefts can be bullied more often due to their different appearance. This site has facts about cleft lips and plates such as “A cleft means a split or separation; the palate is the roof of the mouth.” (American Academy of Otolaryngology, 2012) also presented in this article is several assumptions about what causes them and what can be done as treatment. This site doesn’t provide a great deal of raw data for the purpose of the thesis but is a good starting point to learn a little more about the subject. American Academy of Otolaryngology. (2012). “Fact Sheet: Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate”. Retrieved on 06/24/12 from website http://www.entnet.org/HealthInformation/cleftLipPalate.cfm. This site has good questions to ask such as if your child with a cleft will have a hard time learning to talk, as well as good links to other sources of information for those of us looking to learn more about children’s clefts. Noting that “Usually, but not always, the doctor will see the cleft right after the baby is born.”( American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 1997-2012) makes a good point that you can start preparing...
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...messages sent to them are faulty or interrupted. Different Kinds of Neuromotor Impairments A. Seizure Disorders B. Cerebral Palsy Muscular/skeletal conditions (Musculoskeletal Conditions) * Conditions affecting muscles or bones and resulting in limited functioning. * Individuals with these conditions usually have trouble controlling their movements. * Most children with musculoskeletal conditions have normal intellectual abilities. (Batshaw&Perret,1992). * They do not necessarily encounter academic difficulties, but their physical limitations and social and emotional adjustment can create educational problems. Types of Muscular/Skeletal Conditions * Polio * Muscular Dystrophy * Hare Lip * Juvenile Arthritis * Limb...
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...emotions and empathy of the reader; forcing them to contribute to their cause. The photo alone makes your heart ache for the little girl who is in need of cleft surgery. The little girl appears to be no older than 2 years old and of a Hispanic or Middle Eastern decent. Her small face and the area around her mouth is all you see. Big brown eyes staring back at you pleading for help. The use of her handicap in the photo makes the reader feel sorry for the child. There is nothing in the background to indicate her location or where she could be from. The area behind the little girl is fuzzy or clouded proving to be non-important. The photo is only her face, large enough to get the full effect of her handicap. The lower section of the ad is set aside for donation information and statistics of cleft and palate defects. The advertisement was published in the January 23, 2012 issue of News Week. In choosing an audience, Smile Train chose a well-known magazine that is typically read by educated, middle to upper class people. The audience is one that would have the means or funds to make a contribution. Most of the folks who read News Week are concerned with current events and what is going on in the world around us. Seeing this photo and advertisement informs the audience of the growing need for cleft lip and palate surgery. As with any photo, you have to ask yourself, what is really being said? When looking at the photo, the message I received is “Help me!” I see...
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...Layout/Presentation (3m): *correct length *title *coversheet *plagiarism statement Intro (4m0:*brief description of malformation *population frequency *Clearly written *uses references effectively * concise, accurate Normal development (20m): brief description of normal development *Clearly written *concise, accurate *uses diagrams effectively *Technical terms explained in clear manner at the correct level *uses references effectively *no references are weblinks Abnormal development (10m): brief description of cause of malformation *Clearly written *concise, accurate *uses diagrams effectively *Technical terms explained in clear manner at the correct level *uses references effectively * no references are web links Latest research (10m): brief description of underlying cause of malformation OR *brief description of recent experimental data *Clearly written *concise, accurate *Technical terms explained in clear manner at the correct level *clear understanding of concepts well explained * correct use of journal references Additional info (5m): parental diagnosis/prevention Interesting and informative *clearly written * concise, accurate * reliable websites are references Where to find help (3m): list Australian and international organisation websites Australian and at least one overseas organisation listed *all links are valid References (4m): Appropriate references *Cited in text *list correctly in reference list *Referenced diagrams No inappropriate use of internet...
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...LITERARY ANALYSIS TITLE: The Other Woman AUTHOR: Virgillo R. Samonte He was born from Laoag, Ilocos Norte. He was born on March 31, 1944. And died on July 12, 2009. REGION: I (Ilocus) SETTING: Old house in Laoag PLOT: Exposition Nana Cecelia and her husband Tata Manuel lived with their servant named Loida. Nana Cecelia has a sister named Nana Cora. Complication Nana Cecelia suspects that her husband Tata Manuel is having an affair with Nana Cora that’s why Nana Cora left the house and Tata Manuel is sick and dying. Climax They heard a loud scream from the room of Tata Manuel and they saw Loida holding the dead body of Tata Manuel while crying. Denouement Nana Cecelia screamed at Loida and trying to pull the dead body of her husband. Then Loida screamed that Tata Manuel is hers to. Conclusion Loida is the mistress of Tata Manuel THEME: Loving someone is not dependent on physical aspects instead it is by showing how much you care about that person. CONFLICT: Man VS. Man POINT OF VIEW: First Person CHARACTERIZATION: Tata Manuel – Husband of Nana Cecelia. Nana Cecilia – Wife of Tata Manuel. Nana Cora – Sister of Nana Cecelia. Loida – Servant in the house, mistress of Tata Manuel. VOCABULARY: Bleak - lacking vegetation and exposed to the elements Tattered - old and torn; in poor condition. Enshroud - envelop completely and hide from view. Gnarled - knobby, rough, and twisted, esp. with age. Foliage - plant leaves, collectively. ...
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...The mouth consists of the teeth, tongue, hard palate and soft palate. There are several different disorders and diseases on being cleft palate. Cleft palate is a birth defect which is when a baby’s hard or soft palate doesn’t form completely causing an opening in the in the palates. The soft palate is located in the back of the mouth and is made of muscular tissue to help close of the nasal cavity when swallowing food or drinks. The hard palate is bony portion at the front of the mouth that also separates the oral and nasal cavity. The causes of cleft palate are unknown. The separation in the mouth can cause multiple problems for the child. Feeding problems can occur since food and liquids can go from the back of the mouth through the nasal cavity. To help this...
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...Anatomy of the soft palate: The soft palate is innervated by the lesser palatine nerves, which travel through the lesser palatine foramen, along with vessels to supply nutrients to the area. The soft palate contains salivary glands, which secrete mucous and help keep the oral cavity and buccal mucosa “moist”. The area along which the hard and soft palate meet forms a “double curving line, with the posterior nasal spine of the palatine bone being the primary landmark at the midline.”23 A majority of the posterior component of the soft palate is “part of the oral pharynx”, it stretches from the end of the hard palate towards the uvula. It rises from left to right forming an “arch”. Role of the soft palate: During speech, voice conduction/sound, and swallowing the soft palate rises to close off the opening between the oropharynx and nasopharynx.23 Actions of the various muscles of the soft palate in swallowing: The levator veli palatini muscle contracts during soft palate function, it rises “up and back” so the soft palate may contact the “posterior throat (pharyngeal) wall.”23...
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...the bone marrow, which is where blood cells are formed. Both parents must have it to pass the gene down, but it's not for sure it will be inherited. There's been less than two-dozen cases reported in the medical literature. A lot of symptoms are related to the joints or are skeletal deformities such as pale skin, delayed closure of soft spots, triple jointed thumbs, narrow sloped shoulders, droopy eyelids, deformed ears, cleft palate. Carriers with Aase disease may have difficulty picking objects up and being able to grasp on to them, because of their deformities in their hands. There has also been cases with patients where doctors had found a hole between the two chambers of the heart, which is called a Ventrical Septal Defect (VSD). Several cases of Aase Syndrome carriers also have cleft lip and palate which is when the lip and palate develop separately. Cleft...
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...2013 to 30th September 2014.It was a prospective observational study carried out on the patients admitted in the ward of plastic and re-constructive surgery. The study was done based on the interviews from relevant informants, study of records .Out of the total of 2238 patients admitted 495 cases were that of RTA(road traffic accidents), 162 bear mauls, 135cleft palate, 117 cleft lip,99 tin cut injuries,90 PBC(Post burn contracture) hand,72 cases of...
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...The Effects of Smoking during Pregnancy Cassandra Buckner National American University Abstract There are many dangers to an unborn child that can follow them the rest of their lives from maternal smoking. Many studies and significant research shows smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of a long list of problems. Still birth is the most common complication, but placental dysfunctional, premature labor and low birth weight are also problems that can harm the fetus. Over 40% of children studied also had some form of heart defect. Exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy has also been linked to SIDS. Birth defects such as cleft palate and cleft lip can be caused from smoking while pregnant as well as your child being diagnosed with asthma. Speech defects as well as behavioral problems such as ADD/ADHD also play a role in maternal smoking. No one would give an infant a cigarette, so why would we while carrying our child smoke? Smoking during pregnancy can harm both the baby and the mother. Most would do anything to protect their child. Yet many women, who feel this way, continue to smoke while pregnant, insisting that the dangers are non-existent. In reality, there are many dangers to an unborn child that can follow them for the rest of their lives, if they survive gestation, and birth. Miscarriages, low birth weight, premature labor, and organ defects are just a few things that can plague the child of a smoking mother. There are many studies, and significant...
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