...be destroyed to make place for coal mining. Being a member of the local forest conservation society, it would be difficult to ignore the impacts on wildlife. However the managing director, Tony Haggarty said that stringent environmental conditions have been applied by the commission and that it is one of the best coal developments in the world (Go ahead for one of world’s largest coal mines 2012). The project would not be accepted because of reasons which will be mentioned later on. The essay will mention about the three ethics and concentrate more on the selected ethic which is moral rights ethic. Moral rights is an ethical decision that best maintains and protects the fundamental rights and privileges (freedom, life, safety, privacy, free speech, freedom of conscience) of the people affected by it(Lecture 3,Week3). In the case of the construction project, people are free to show that they are against the constructions as this will worsen the environment. Bradshaw, J.A Corey et al point out that coal exports are Australia’s biggest contribution to climate change and that Australians are suffering its impacts now (Let’s talk about coal). Thus, the environmental aspects of the project should be taken into consideration as in justice ethic. Justice is an ethical decision that distributes benefits and harms among stakeholders in a fair, equitable or impartial way (Three ethic model,pg 148). In the case of the construction project, coal types which will be obtained will...
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...(“HPPC”), had met its contractual electricity purchase obligations for the year. However, there had been limited opportunity to sell energy above the contractual minimum, either to HPPC or others. Still, Tan felt that these factors were outside his control. His team had performed well—it just didn’t show up in the financial results. The scheduled presentation to the Board was important for two reasons. First, HT Power was considering a 2,000 MW expansion at Luotang. However, on a more personal note for Tan, he had been general manager of Luotang since 2002, and he hoped it would be time for a promotion. He hoped that HT Power would consider him for the company’s Executive Vice President position. He also knew how critical fuel price management was to HT Power’s success but wasn’t completely sure how well his team had managed this aspect of the business during the year. Would HT Power pass 1 One megawatt (MW) is equivalent to 1,000 kilowatts (KW). A one megawatt...
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...MISBAHHUDDIN 207785 NUR AMALINA BT ABD GHANI 207791 SUBMISSION DATE : 06 OCTOBER 2013 Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION 4 2.0 MAIN ISSUE 5 3.0 FINDINGS 7 4.0 STANDARD COST 12 5.0 RECOMMENDATION 13 6.0 CONCLUSION 15 1.0 INTRODUCTION Tan Min Yi who was the general manager of Luotang Power, a coal-fired power plant located in central China. He should make a presentation to the Board of Directors of his parent company, China Hua Tong Power (HT Power). Tan knew that his company had performed well during that year, both plant availability and fuel economy improved over the previous year but it just didn’t show up in the financial report. Hubei Provincial Power Company (HPPC) was the primary customer of Luotang that had made a contract for a minimum annual purchase of total electricity of 3,000,000MWh every year. However, there had been limited opportunity to sell energy above the contractual minimum, either to HPPC or others. If the amount of sell would be reduced, the contract required that Luotang sell amounts in excess of minimum annual purchase at approximately 65% of regular price. Luotang also made a contract with coal supplier, Pingdingshan. The company had been successful at selling excess electricity to the power plant but over the past 12 months, demand has decreased. This happen because by falling revenues were concentrate by the high debt burden that the project carried, with approximately 80 percent of the initial construction cost being...
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...MPF53 FINANCE “Review the proposed Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS) in Australia and critique its impact on financial management decisions” BY Xiao Nie Yang Song Date: 20th April 2010 Introduction In today’s society, all countries in the world will experience climate change in coming decades because of increasing carbon pollution (climate change 2007). In order to reduce the carbon pollution, ETS and CPRS will be proposed in the world wide and Australia. This essay is to focus on revising the proposed carbon pollution reduction scheme and point out its impact on financial management decision. In the first place, there is a brief summary about the CPRS scheme in detail. In the second place, there is an analysis about major and minor financial management decisions. In the final place, the impacts of CPRS on its financial management decision will be raised. All in all, the conclusion is a summary of the aim of the essay and how to achieve this aim. The CPRS scheme The emissions trading scheme (ETS) in Australia is called Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS). Australia is very vulnerable to the effects of climate change. They recognize that human activity is causing the climate change and also Australia is one of the biggest polluters on a per capita basis. The CPRS will help reduce Australia’s carbon pollution by putting a price on carbon for the first time in Australia’s history. The carbon price means that goods that...
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...Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis disease is a type of pneumoconiosis. According to CDC, "pneumoconioses are a group of interstitial lung diseases caused by the inhalation of certain dusts and the lung tissue’s reaction to the dust" (Unknown, 2012). Coal worker's pneumoconiosis(CWP) is one of the common pneumoconioses diseases. CWP is not ethical, sexual, racial, or nutritional related. Instead it is environmental related. This type of pneumoconiosis can happen to anyone, it all depends on how long and how severe the exposure to coal dust is. How is CWP diagnosed? Different signs and symptoms of CWP include, cough, chest pain, breathlessness, impaired lung function, difficulty breathing, and progressive lung stiffening. There is only one true way to tell if someone has CWP and that is a chest X-ray and pulmonary function testing to see the lungs. These diagnostic studies found that once CWP was diagnosed it was too late to treat. This was due to no early signs. Instead of treating it there were ways that came to prevent it. Due to it being left untreated causes complications like lung cancer, respiratory and heart failure,...
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...Case Analysis Luotang Power Company Background Luotang Power Company is a 600 Mega Watt coal-fired power plant, located in Hubei Province, China, the parent company of which is China Hua Tong Power (HT Power). The major business is to generate electricity by coal burning and sell it to Hubei Provincial Power Company (HPPC), the major customer which is the only power transmission and distribution company in Hubei Province. Whereas the coal is purchased from Pindingshan Coal Company who is required to supply low sulfur bituminous coal that meets certain quality specifications. Regardless of the improved plant availability and fuel economy, the company wasn’t performing well for the financial result. A variances analysis indicated that the poor performance was due to a combination of shrinking revenue, increasing price of the coal and decreasing quality of the coal. Company analysis Macroeconomic analysis A PESTE framework including political, economic, social, technological and environmental factors is used to contextualize the company in an industry framework. Economic aspect: China is the world second largest energy consumer behind the United States. The energy consumption has been boosted by strong economic growth over the past two decades. Its electricity consumption is influenced by fluctuations in the GDP growth. (Appendix1) Hubei led the four provinces fed by the central China grid with a 13.8% rise in economy and is said to be doubled in the next five years...
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...11159249 11174354 11282047 10679140 Page 1 Table of Contents: 1. Business Description 2. Whitehaven Coal Ltd’s Performance Vs ASX200 Energy Index 2.1 Profitability Ratios 2.2 Asset Utilization Ratios 2.3 Capitalisation Ratios 2.4 Market Ratios 3. Quality of Financial Data 4. Revenue & Profitability Growth Forecast 4.1 Industry Life Cycle 4.2 Sustainable Growth Rate 4.3 Macroeconomic and Technological Factors Affecting Growth Rate 5. Business Risks: Porter’s 5 Forces 5.1 Threat of New Entrants 5.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers 5.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers 5.4 Threat of Substitutes 5.5 Rivalry Among Existing Competitors 6. Recommendation Pg 3 Pg 3 − 5 Pg 5 Pg 6 Pg 7 − 8 Pg 9 Page 2 1. Business Description ASX Ticker: WHC Current Share Price (5th April 2012) Market Capitalisation Shares Outstanding Revenue from Ordinary Activities FY11 NPAT FY11 Diluted EPS (cents) Whitehaven Coal Ltd is an Australian listed company whose main $5.67 operations involve developing and operating coalmines in NSW. $2, 814m 496m and the development of the Narrabi underground mine. Initial Currently, its focus is on coal production in the Gunnedah Basin resource assessment by WHC projected that the Gunnedah Basin is $622.19m able to support at least 1.5 million tonne per annum (Mtpa) $9.95m production of open-cut coal for the company itself. That makes 2 WHC the biggest coal producer in the Gunnedah Basin. Source: Australian Securities Exchange 2. WHC’s Financial Performance...
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...coal qualiTy conTrol COAL QUALITY CONTROL Source: Aker Solutions Daniel Mahr, P of US baSeD .e energy aSSociateS, P gives us .c, an in depTh look aT The major issues relaTing To coal qualiTy from The perspecTive of Thermal power generaTion. service, and reduced impacts. Different energy conversion technologies have their applications, but no single option does it all. Wind, solar, and hydro options don’t use any fuel, so shouldn’t we just rely on these technologies? Wind power is best sited where the duration/velocity makes sense, away from migration pathways, and away from neighbours who would object to noise and fluttering shadows. It will likely require 100 per cent back-up or additional energy storage systems, and new longer transmission lines to load centres are often required. There are similar requirements for solar power, just substitute lumens for velocity. With hydro power, there are concerns for fish migration/ spawning, land use, geological concerns for T he power industry is confronting challenges with seemingly conflicting goals – affordable rates, dependable Industrial Fuels and Power l COAL QUALITY CONTROL ‘‘As power plants face a growing need to reduce costs and environmental impacts, coal quality is increasingly an issue of interest, as a means to do more with less..‘‘ supporting the weight of a new lake, stability concerns for newly saturated perimeter hills that can result in landslides, and the impact of a drought on production. Its the delivered...
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...Pakistan Energy Crisis: An Overview Contents Power Sector Highlights Pakistan Energy Stats Causes of Power Crisis Circular Debt Issue GoP’s Initiatives for the Power Sector/Sectoral Recommendations VTT’s brief Portfolio The Power sector was restructured in 1998 with the creation of PEPCO (Pakistan Electric Power Company)… Water & Power Development Authority’s (WAPDA) has been structured into distinct corporate entities comprising of 4 GENCOs, 10 DISCOs and one TransCO (NTDC). These 10 DISCOs are responsible for distribution to the end users. KESC meets its overall demand with its own generation plus purchase from NTDC, IPPs and from Karachi Nuclear Power Plant. The Current structure of the power sector is: Thermal power generation stands at 8,300MW but the thermal plants have low conversion efficiencies and are expensive to maintain/operate. Most of the thermal power plants installed by IPPs, use furnace oil which has become very expensive over the recent past. Hydro Power Only 34 % of total electricity generation is achieved thru hydro power. Currently we are producing 6555 MW against the potential of 41000 to 45000 MW Pakistan has a potential of producing wind energy ranging from 10000 MW to 50000 MW, yet power generation through wind is in initial stages in Pakistan and currently only a plant of 06 MW capacity has been installed in first phase in Jhampir by a Turkish company and...
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... Research on coal burning plant – Releases of pollutants’ are Carbon Dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and mercury compounds. These limits are from the EPA (environmental pollution agency) and its 2249lbs/Mwh for carbon, 13lbs/Mwh for sulfur, 6lbs/Mwh for nitrogen. Water is used to cool the plant and the company has to have a permit to release the water back into the environment. The water may contain lead and arsenic and will have to be managed. Wisconsin Power & Light’s just settled a lawsuit that ended up with WP&L paying out 2.45 million for alleged violations of air pollution laws. WP&L agreed to pay out 8.5 million for environmental projects and that will include 5 million to solar power investments, 2 million to boast power from wind and hydropower plants. This is to be over the next 5 years. WP&L did not install the proper environment control equipment and that is the reason for the suit. The big thing is paying 1.2 billion to keep the big plant up and running with installing the needed pollution control items. Wisconsin is discontinuing about 17% of their coal burning fleet and that is about 1500 Megawatts of power and two plants are the Nelson Dewey plant in Cassville and two of the three boilers in Sheboygan, 590 megawatts of coal will be retired, or the equivalent of one large modern coal plant. Coal is roughly 49% of our electrical producing product. With wind and solar and hydro combined is roughly 7.5% External costs of coal mining and power...
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...Danielle Stovall Dr. Terri Rittenburg Marketing Management MKT 4430-40 Company Positioning and Key Competitors 23 July 2012 If there’s one thing that I have learned about Cloud Peak Energy thus far, it’s that they pride themselves on being the best. For this reason, and many others that I will discuss here, I believe that their specific positioning method is attributes. The moment you visit their webpage you are bombarded with the many ways that they pride themselves on being the best at mining coal. The first thing they claim is that they one of the safest and largest producers of high quality coal in the United States. According to their 2011 Annual Corporate Report of the 1 billion tons of coal produced in the United States which generated 43 percent of the nation’s electricity in 2011, Cloud Peak contributed to 4 percent of that. Unfortunately, they suffered from 17 reportable injuries in 2011. However, they were fairly minor in nature and they claim to still keep safety as a core value and hope to achieve a goal of zero injuries in the future. These injuries gave them a Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) All Injury Frequency Rate (AIFR) of 1.18, which was quite an increase from 0.58 the prior year. Yet, they are told by MSHA that this rating is among the lowest of the large US coal producers. In our society today many of us feel that it is important to take care of our environment. Cloud Peak Energy recognizes the importance of this as well. In 2010 they were...
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...Key Challenges facing the coal Sector The critical issues facing the coal sector are highlighted below: • Lack of Investments in Mining In spite of the economic liberalization of 1991 the mining sector has not seen major investments. This is possibly due to the problems such as government policy, land acquisition, development of infrastructure, transportation system, social engineering and community development involved in major green field site projects. There is a need to re-look at the total management solution for attracting investment in new mines. The solution has to lead to the creation of joint venture institutions with central government, state government and private sector as partners. The facilitation for the project through provision of land, infrastructural development, community development etc, can be done by the government agencies whereas the investment in the mine and the associated technological inputs can come from the private sector. In addition, the private sector must have the freedom to run the mine in a cost effective manner. This may be a long term solution for future mines in India and it will have unique opportunities for both the government and private sector to work together for India's development. • Historically, opencast mining has been favored over underground mining. This has led to land degradation, environmental pollution and reduced quality of coal as it tends to get mixed with other matter. • In addition, current economic mining practices...
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...Cologne, Germany May 26-29, 2009 Copyright © Siemens AG 2009. All rights reserved. Copyright © Siemens AG 2009. All rights reserved. 1 Abstract Clean and cost-effective power generation is of paramount importance to cope with the challenges imposed by an increasing energy demand throughout the world. Investment cost and fuel costs are the main contributors to the cost of electricity. In recent years, costs associated with CO2 emissions have attracted more and more attention due to its political awareness. The efficiency of the power plant as one key value affects both the fuel costs and the amount of CO2 emitted to the environment. As coal is more abundant in many parts of the world, coal prices are less volatile and more stable than natural gas prices. But larger CO2 emissions increase the need for more efficient coal-based power generation. Ultra supercritical (USC) steam power plants meet notably the requirements for high efficiencies to reduce both fuel costs and emissions as well as for a reliable supply of electric energy at low cost. Recent developments in steam turbine technology and high-temperature materials allowed for significant efficiency gains. Siemens has more than fifteen years of experience with ultra supercritical steam turbines and continues to optimize associated designs and technologies. This paper presents Siemens products and solutions for ultra supercritical steam power plants and their application in the 800 MW Trianel Power project...
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...A02-01-0021 American Mining Company (AMC) in Colombia AMC Moves to Colombia By the end of 2000, the American Mining Company (AMC) had finished moving nearly all of its coal operations from the southern United States to its premier mine in Northeast Colombia. Despite telling its workers that the company would not transfer its operations abroad, AMC closed nine mines over a five-year period, firing over 5,000 United Mine Workers. Only one surface mine and one underground mine were left operational in the US, with plans to close both by 2003. AMC was one of the leading coal mining companies in the United States for the previous half century, with coal holdings of over 1.3 billion short tons and revenues of nearly US $1 billion. Worldwide, AMC enjoyed a reputation of providing high quality coal, reliable delivery, and excellent service. Before the shift to Colombia, AMC was one of the top 300 largest private companies in the United States. The company had also begun diversifying into real estate developments on both the US east and west coasts. Colombia provided numerous advantages for AMC. First, the country’s low wages provided a much cheaper labor force in comparison to the high hourly salaries of the US mine workers. Wages for Colombian mine workers, for example, ranged from $500 to $1,000 a month, while US mine workers received over $3,000 monthly plus benefits. Moreover, the company would also not have to contend with the burdensome labor restrictions of the US mine union...
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... Ukraine has excellent natural reserves Natural Gas Reserves R: 1 Tcm, P: 20 bcm Uranium Reserves >100 years, P: 3000 kton Oil Reserves R: 900 Mton, P: 3 Mton Hard Coal Reserves R: 56 Bton, P: 28 Mton Challenges • • • • • War at East & Debt build-up (~1 bUSD) Loss of anthracite coal and thermal generation Dependence on Russia in gas supply Oil prices drop and pressure on margin in E&D State budget austerity and crises in national bank system • Cross-subsidies and disproportion in tariffs on gas and electricity • Manual mode of management in state enterprises Opportunities • • • • Diversification of supply: gas, coal, nuclear fuel De-monopolization: all sectors but nuclear Privatization: coal mines, thermal generation Cut energy consumption: metering, house isolation, ESCO market • Closeness of EU markets: integration and synchronization with bigger energy markets Mid-term Strategy • Efficient use of energy • • • • Mandatory metering of all utilities Market-based tariffs Preferential loans for house insulation Incentives to flatten intraday electricity consumption • Increase of domestic production • • • • • • Implementation of 3rd Energy Package Revision of tax regime Free access to geo-data Auction of licenses Gasification of coal Developing own production of nuclear power cells • Diversification of supplies • • • • Gas reverse & Hub Strategic cooperation with Westinghouse on fuel cells Creating...
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