...The “Cognitive behavioral therapy” is defined as a psychotherapy treatment that encompasses practical approaches to solving mental problems. The main objective of the CBT is changing the patient’s behavior and thinking and hence changes his feelings (Rothbaum, 2014). It is widely used as a treatment for various issues in individuals’ lives. Some of the healthy issues CBT treat include relationship problems, sleeping difficulties and depression among others. It helps in changing the people’s behaviors and attitudes by focusing particularly on beliefs, images and attitudes (Meadows, 2014). References Rothbaum, B. O., Meadows, E. A., Resick, P., & Foy, D. W. (2014). Cognitive-behavioral therapy Reflection: How plagiarism violates the ethical responsibility of a psychology: It is unethical and immorally wrong to copy information word for word from a particular scholarly source. Copying and pasting the information from any source be it electronic source or any other source is without. Doing so infringe...
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...Darrell Woodfork BSHS/311- Models of Effective Helping Instructor: Michael Phillips Date: 8/5/2013 Site Visit Essay Paper Site Visit Essay Paper Cognitive behavioral techniques are used during a counseling session in a hospital or office setting by therapist. Although I was unable to do a current Site visit to a human service department of a company to write my report, I do know from my own experience some things pertaining to programs that employ behavioral or genitive intervention and or models. In this paper I will attempt to explore some areas within a cognitive intervention such as: • What population participates in the program? • Who presents the program? • How the effectiveness of the intervention is measured • How do they determine a need for the program? • Do they have plans for other programs that use behavioral models and techniques? • What other models and theories are represented in their programs. As we look into the population of participants, it ranges based on the type of behavior being addressed, intervention and motivation strategies. Last year, when I attended my counseling session, it was held in a group session with different people of all ages. This particular group session addressed issues of anxiety and depression. I quickly learned that many people have issues with anxiety and depression, yet they are hesitant to get counseling to change the behavior. Although...
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...Psychotherapies Analysis Donnette Morris BEH/225 03/25/2016 Graciela Pulliam In this paper I will summarize three psychotherapies the main tenants of each therapy, their effectiveness in treating psychological disorders and their strengths. The psychotherapies that will be discussed in this essay are client centered therapy, cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy. Psychotherapies are classified as either insight, action or both which describes ultimate goal of the therapy. Insight refers to the therapies goal to bring clients to a deeper understanding of their thoughts, emotions, and behavior (Coon & Mitterer, 2009). Action refers to therapies designed to bring about direct changes in troublesome thoughts, habits, feelings, or behavior, without seeking insight into their origins or meanings (Coon & Mitterer, 2009). Psychotherapies can be classified as directive, non-directive or both referring to the role of the therapist. Directive refers to the therapist providing strong guidance and advice. Non-directive refers to the therapist merely assisting clients, who are responsible for solving their own problems. Psychotherapy may involve individual counseling, group or both (Coon & Mitterer, 2009). Client centered therapy is considered part of the humanistic school of therapy. Client centered therapy is classified as nondirective based on the insights from conscious thoughts and feelings. It can involve individuals or groups. Carl Rogers believed that...
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...(Sparks, Duncan & Field, 2008). The years prior to psychotherapy’s birth were dominated by psychoanalytic and psychodynamic approaches and its practice was largely restricted to physicians (Miller, Hubble, Chow & Seidel, 2013). Psychotherapy’s arrival was not unnoticed from opposing schools of thought who were quick to question its scientific basis. Traditionally Eysenck (1952) not only challenged psychotherapy’s efficacy but also argued that it was “potentially harmful” (Miller, Hubble, Chow & Seidel, 2013:88). However, supporters of psychotherapy refuted Eysenck’s (1952) view and debate surrounding the fields worth began to accumulate. As a result psychotherapy research for the next few decades would focus on determining whether therapy was effective (House & Loewenthal, 2009). Subsequently, a plethora of studies that demonstrated its efficacy emerged (Smith Miller & Glass, 1980; Lambert & Bergin, 1994; Ahn & Wampold, 2001). So much so, that early studies revealed the treated population fared much better in comparison to their untreated counterparts (Sparks, Duncan & Miller, 2008:1; Asay & Lambert, 1999). The finding that psychotherapy is effective was further supported by “more abstract” mathematical summaries of empirical data (Asay & Lambert, 1999:24) Meta-analysis is just that a mathematical technique that is frequently used to produce estimates of the size of any treatment effects (Asay & Lambert, 1999:24). In applying...
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...model of counselling be integrated with a cognitive one? Discuss with reference to the work of Rogers and Beck.” In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the main features of humanistic and cognitive behaviour therapies. I will state my ideas on integrating aspects of the two models; discuss any difficulties I foresee and critique with regard to diversity and my own experiences. The humanistic model of counselling is an approach which is grounded in the positive view of humanity and the uniqueness of each individual. It was founded by Carl Rogers in the 1930s and 1940s. It focuses on the belief that we are all born innately striving towards becoming fully functioning, (Rogers, 2004). This approach is non-directive; (Mearns & Thorne, 1999) state: “the importance of rejecting the pursuit of control or authority over other persons.” The relationship of client and counsellor is based on equality with the belief that the client is the authority of their own life and the counsellor is “a guest within the client’s world of experience.” The counsellor will use the core conditions of empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard to enter into the client’s internal frame of reference. The belief with this therapy is that the relationship is all that is needed to effect change and if clients are being accepted unconditionally, they can learn to accept who they are and reconnect with their true selves. Cognitive Therapy (CT) developed by Aaron Beck in the 1960s...
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...separated, and women. The 3-P model of insomnia suggests that people may be primed to develop insomnia through stressful life events, hyperarousal or coping strategies like napping. Insomnia is often associated with negative quality of life, decreased job performance, increased risk of accidents and an increased risk for depression. Many of the individuals who suffer from insomnia express a poor understanding of the available treatments and tend to turn to alcohol and over the counter medications. Faced with the prevalence of insomnia and concerns regarding other aspects of the disorder, many professionals have found and used different techniques such as, pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy, to treat the disorder with several having different levels of efficacy and effectiveness. In this essay I intend to explore the efficacy and effectiveness of several of these techniques. One such technique used by professionals in the treatment of insomnia is pharmacotherapy. Pharmacotherapy includes the use of a variety of drugs to combat the lack of sleep or to maintain sleep. According to the authors of the article, “Current Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Options for the Management of Insomnia”,...
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...Casual Factors “Emotional/behavioral disorder (EBD) is a condition in which behavioral or emotional responses of an individual in school are so significantly different in degree and/or kind from his/her accepted age appropriate, ethnic, or cultural norms that they adversely affect educational performance in one or more areas: self-care, social relationships, personal adjustments, academic progress, classroom behavior, or work adjustment” (Level 1V: Program Planning, n.d.). Emotional/behavioral disorders are the most under diagnosed and/or misdiagnosed group of disorders that students may have. The signs and symptoms of emotional/behavioral disorders can be missed, mimic other disorders and some cases emotional/behavioral disorders coincide with other disabilities. There are a few categories that must be taken into consideration when assessing a student for emotional/behavioral disorders as well as implementing interventions that will meet the specific needs of EBD students. The categories that the following essay will discuss are biological, family, school and culture. Within each category are a few factors that need to be fully understood and considered in order to have a clear, complete and concise view of the student’s emotional and behavioral needs and the causes of it. Biological Factors Biological factors occur naturally and within the child. According to the article Biological Issues Related to Emotional/behavioral Disorders (2014) biological factors includes...
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...Rational-Emotive-Behavior Therapy and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy CHAPTER OVERVIEW Rational-Emotive-Behavior Therapy (REBT), developed by Albert Ellis, is a therapy that consciously uses cognitive, emotive, and behavioral techniques to help clients. REBT theorists stress that human beings have choices. The control of ideas, attitudes, feelings, and actions is specific to the person who arranges a life according to personal dictates. Having little control over what happens or what actually exists, people do have choices and control over how they view the world and how they react to difficulties. CHAPTER OBJECTIVES After completing this chapter, the student will be able to: 1. Identify the philosophical assumptions associated with rational-emotive behavior therapy and cognitive-behavior therapy. 2. Explain the nature of people according to rational-emotive-behavior therapy. 3. Discuss rational and irrational thoughts and the three areas in which people hold irrational beliefs. 4. Describe the REBT process of teaching people to think and behave in more personally satisfying ways. 5. Summarize the "A, B, C, D, and E," approach to counseling. 6. Compare and contrast REBT with other theories. Evaluate the limitations and contributions of the REBT approach to counseling. CHAPTER SUMMARY Rational-Emotive-Behavior Therapy (REBT) has emerged from what Albert Ellis considered a limited rational-persuasive therapy into a therapy that consciously...
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...IS IT BETTER TO BE MAD OR BAD.1 This essay will discuss normal and abnormal behaviour and how the definition of psychologists differentiates although defining normal and abnormal behaviour can be problematic because there is no single definition. It will also look at the current treatment of mental health and how to tackle these issues in the future. There are many ways that normal and abnormal behaviour can be defined for instant one concept is based on statistical for example something which is unusual to the society. Statistically: In this definition of abnormality behaviors which are seen as statistically rare are considered to be abnormal. In terms of statistics, abnormal behaviour involves any behaviour that is significantly different from the norm. for instance some one who is very clever is considered normal in terms of cleverness average on the other hand if some one is less or below the average he or she is considered abnormal. Therefore in the statistical impression, strange behavior improper behaviour could be classified as abnormal. Deviation from Social Norms defines the change or deviation of an individual, from society's traditional acts for example in some cultural backgrounds when couple are getting married women is responsible for every thing while others give the responsibility to the man and they thing other except from their tradition cultural believes is abnormal and they think if some does something different that he or she is deviated from cultural...
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...epidemic proportions. Peer group therapy has proven to be an effective therapeutic treatment for those who are addicted. The group offers a sliding scale fee structure for those who are not insured. Those clients unable to contract for abstinence for the duration of the group were disqualified. This essay explores a cognitive behavioral therapy group for women who are currently have a substance addiction. The participants range in age from 19-43. The group meets once per week over the course of 8 weeks. The prospective group members were each given a screening questionnaire to determine suitability for the group. The group was designed to identify and unlearn patterns which led to addictive behaviors. The clients learned ways to replace these behaviors with healthier alternatives. The group illuminated and discussed beliefs about their person which led to the addictive behaviors. 6 of the 8 participants successfully completed group therapy. The group has been recreated at several different locations due to the success of the original group. Final Project Group therapy is an important part of addiction treatment. Lee states, “Clinical studies have shown that peer group therapy in drug treatment is about as effective for inducing long term sobriety as individual counseling but most drug treatment programs combine the two therapeutic treatments in a more comprehensive programming” (2015). In addiction treatment, group therapy has proven to be a positive ally....
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...Application of Psychology to Modern Life Name Name of the Institution Application of Psychology to Modern Life Self-reflection entails evaluating oneself to analyze the past experiences in their lifetime that might have either a negative or positive influence. Self-reflection helps to come up with techniques of coping with similar situations later in life. Self-reflection also involves picking a personal experience, and evaluating the challenges as per the situation and naming ways in which one was able to overcome the challenges or perhaps failed to address them. This essay involves a self-reflection in one of my most stressful lifetime situation and how I managed to cope up with it. The Stressful Situation Back in high school, my dream was to excel academically so that I could pursue a Business Management degree by getting a scholarship to study at Oxford University. Bearing that in mind, I had to work hard to attain a grade that will enable me to get the scholarship. The reason as to why I always wanted to get the sponsorship is because I was pretty sure that my parents would not afford to pay school fees in any university. I worked extremely hard in my studies, spending sleepless nights, forming discussion groups and sacrificing my social life so that I could have more time to concentrate on my studies. After leaving high school, I was pretty sure that I had done my best to achieve the grade that I always wanted. After the results...
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...Cognitive Behavior There are many views about the cognitive approach techniques but it is basically being able to understand the individuals doing the best they can in life. Most of the clinical things that go along with this are the clients disorder of thoughts and feelings and the most effective way to change the maladaptive behavior and this is where the Cognitive Behavior therapy comes in. The true meaning of cognitive behavioral therapy is in the clients difficulties in relationships and not being able to cope with their everyday life in general which in turn could affect their health and well-being. There are many people involved with this such as therapists and workers and even psychiatrists. Cognitive Behavioral therapy focuses on modifying the client’s thoughts and behaviors with the intent on reinforcing positive emotions, the client and therapist may work closely together so the therapists can help the client recognize the wrong way of thinking and replace this with positive thoughts. This approach would be to include helping them to reestablish goals and built on the idea of operant as well as respondent and social and classical thinking. There is also a technique called Dialectical behavior which is where the therapist and the client discuss issues that have happened during the week and the therapists helps the client work on improving these in the clients life and also decide which are the most important to do first, this may include emotions and social environments...
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...Describe and Evaluate Two Approaches to the Treatment of Self-Defeating Behaviour “Self-defeating behaviour is the idea that sometimes people knowingly do things that will cause them to fail or bring them trouble. It is defined as “any deliberate or intentional behaviour that has clear, definitely or probably negative effects on the self or on the self’s projects.” The concept of and theories behind why a person behaves in ways that are self-defeating is one that has been examined by many psychological approaches over time. In this essay I will define and explain self-defeating behaviours, their origins, causes and reasons for maintaining them, together with examples of such behaviours. Subsequently I will focus on two approaches to addressing self-defeating behaviours, incorporating similarities and differences. The two approaches I have chosen to look at are Cognitive Behavioural therapy and Person Centred I will then give my personal thoughts as a student counsellor. The origins of self-defeating behaviour can often be traced back to childhood. One trigger may be constant criticism whereby the child is told that he/she can never do anything right, is useless and so on. This can lead to the child engaging in self-defeating behaviour that reinforces their resultant poor self-image. If the parent(s) are seen as the most important people in the child’s life, fear of disappointing them, or of not being able to meet their standards or expectations can result in developing...
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...Discuss the physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses an individual likely to experience in response to newly diagnosed condition with poor a prognosis. Consider responses in the first week after diagnosis A newly diagnosed disease with poor prognosis has a large impact on a person’s physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioural (Hill, Muers,Connolly, & Round, 2003). A poor prognosis is the stage for a research of the emotions, spiritual needs and fears in the process of individual’s health condition. To maintain individuals emotional, physical cognitive behavioral responses acts as an important Phenomenon in day to day life (Gonzalez-prendes & Resko, 2012). The aim of this essay is to provide a framework of how people react physically, emotionally, cognitively and behaviorally to a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis especially in the first week. Physical responses of an individual reported Pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, headache, tachycardia, hyperventilation, and poor appetite and had a steady and notable effect on losses in functioning unrelated to patients’ treatments or their disease conditions (Given, B, Given, C., Azzouz, F., & Stommel, M. 2001). Other responses present with the grief. Grief can be outwardly manifested by physical symptoms, like as a globus sensation, angina, painful...
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...Heather Richard EDUC 611 Treatment Plan Liberty University Introduction You are a school counselor in a Title One middle school located in the heart of Newark, NJ. Recently, there was a shooting at your school that involved many students. Classrooms were locked down for three hours. A few days ago, a teacher at your school said she saw in the crisis handbook that following a crisis, teachers should look for student behavior that is out of the ordinary as a way of identifying students who may need to see the school counselor. The student she is concerned about is a seventh grade (13 year old) Asian male named Tai. She said that he seems to be more withdrawn since the shootings and believes one of the students who were shot was a friend of his. Tai is new to the school this year and participates in the free lunch plan. Case Conceptualization and Needs Assessment Having a comprehensive crisis management plan in place allows members of the school staff and community to be aware of policy and procedures related to identifying students who may be in crisis. A crisis management plan should detail student behavior which may be signs of mental illness or crisis. In doing so school staff have criteria in place that helps identify those who may need assistance. According to Allen et al., the role of the school counselor is defined by the American School Counselor Association's (ASCA, 2000) by the statement, "the professional school counselor's primary role is to provide direct counseling...
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