...case study because it reminded me of when my uncle who lost his fiancée. Her parents made the decision for her artificial nutrition and hydration to be discontinued by the end of the first day in the hospital. They did not allow any surrogate decision-making collaboration from my uncle, grandmother, and neurologist who pleaded to give their daughter more time to recover because she was pregnant, young and her brain stem was still active and could revitalizes itself. These experiences were heart-breaking. I wonder how one person can have so much power over one’s life or death without collaboration surrogate decision-making of parents and fiancée. On the parent’s defense Nair & Collins, (2015) states the concept of brain death and surrogates remains both settled and unsettled if “there is a consistent 30% to 40% false positive...
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...structure or process to achieve these goals, plan and implement a joint programme and share relevant information, tasks and rewards”. Stern and Green (2005) clarify the definition of partnerships further as programmes that have “a high level of commitment, mutual trust, equal ownership and the achievement of a common goal, as distinct from networks which involve sharing information or other resources but not for the explicit purpose of joint working”. Definitions are particularly significant to the topic of this essay, as the component characteristics of partnerships as set out above are often overlooked by organisations and individuals when approaching the delivery of activities ‘in partnership’. In theory, partnership involves collaborative working where people pool ideas and expertise, so the leadership, energy and services produced are greater than the sum of their individual capabilities. It also requires re-thinking the remit or boundaries of organisations within which leadership is to be distributed and respected. This is particularly relevant when considering partnerships to deliver single outcome agreements that have previously been the responsibility of one body, or several bodies in isolation. These are challenges to which public sector organisations (and those with a statutory remit to deliver) must now respond. This recognises that “expertise is owned by the many rather than the few” (Gronn, 2002), and requires trust and a multi-agency approach for successful...
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...Decisions in Paradise, Part II Veronica Evaristo MGT/350 December 5, 2011 Ken Rath Decisions in Paradise, Part II The community of Kava is presented with various environmental challenges that affect the progress of the economy. As an organization in this location, running a business also poses a complex trial to be profitable and successful. ANZ Guam, Inc. (ANZ), a new banking institution in Kava, realizes these challenges to be grow its business and simultaneously provide to the community. Considering most people from Kava would not appeal to the products of a bank, ANZ hopes to provide adequate financial education to the community. With a general banking knowledge in the people’s hands, they will understand how banking products can benefit their financial needs. Collaborative Decision-Making In Kava, there are many natural disasters that occur compromising the country’s key elements that help stimulate the economy. Disaster threats like tsunamis, typhoons, floods, and earthquakes destroy the processing and plantations of coffee, cocoa, spices, banana, and sugar. How do the people and business owners recover from these catastrophes? The community can receive financial gain by learning the bank’s benefits of saving money and borrowing money to assist through these hard times. The plan for this organization is to market deposit accounts for the people and businesses in Kava and provide the education of saving and managing money. In addition, the bank hopes...
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...Leadership Styles of Northwest Middle School With every education community there are successes and challenges each organization has at its leadership level. The decisions the leadership team makes to help fulfill the school’s vision and counteract these challenges starts with the leadership styles. One may argue that the teachers and staff are the most important component. Yes, students cannot learn without teachers to teach, but the leaders are usually the first and final voice in the decision-making process. Northwest Middle School of Kansas city, Kansas has ninety-nine percent free or reduce lunch students, the poorest school in Kansas, and is considered at- risk. Four years ago the school was on the verge of being shut down with a little over two hundred students. Now, the school has six hundred-fifty students, rising test scores, outreach programs to the community, and so much more positive growth. The most recent change in leadership has led to the reformation within Northwest. Taking a look at the leadership styles and theories within Northwest, leadership teams may further help readers understand the reasons that lead to successes at the middle school. The top three leadership styles used are: participant, collaborative, and directive. Each style has similarities, differences, and the best time when it should be used. Participative Leadership There is no perfect school no matter the amount of funding or how high the tests score students may have. However, there...
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...Applying Leadership Theories Dakisha Magee Grand Canyon University: EDA 575 MAY 1, 2013 There are six proposed leadership styles that are considered suitable to use when making reference to educational leaders. The first style is that of the Directive Leadership. Directive leadership is used when there are conformities and time restraints. More often than none, the directive leadership style is used when the leader is the only one with the required knowledge to operate in the situation at hand. The next leadership style is that of Participative Leadership. Participative leadership is also used during time restraints. In this particular leadership style, the leader often gathers input from others, but makes the final decision. Another leadership style is that of Collaborative Leadership. This is the leadership style that’s most often used, and preferred by many educational leaders. The Collaborative leadership style has no time restraints, no true sense of urgency, and decisions are made as a group effort. Leaders are frequently developed from this said leadership style. Yet another known leadership style is that of Coaching Leadership. Coaching leadership exemplifies the mentor teacher role. This particular leadership is used when group efforts aren’t beneficial. When exercising the Coaching leadership style, the inferior performs leadership activities under the direct guidance of a superior with hopes of enhancing the skill level of the inferior to one day...
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...Weaknesses of decision making styles. While autocratic decision making styles may have their benefits there are some weaknesses that can be seen from this type of decision making style. The decision-making process is usually unilateral, and they accomplish goals by directing people. Money-Zine.com points out those organizations with many autocratic leaders have higher turnover and absenteeism than other organizations. With today's emphasis on joint decision making and empowerment, employees can become highly resistant to this management style. The autocratic leadership style should not be used when you want to get your employees engaged in the decision-making process. Autocratic decision making can also have a negative impact on a company if the company is experiencing low morale. People tend to feel worse about their situation if they feel that they don’t have any say in their organization or that their voice doesn’t matter. Collaborative-Participative is another decision making style that has a lot of benefits for employee involvement, but there are some clear disadvantages to this style. The main disadvantage is its inefficiency. It is a very slow and time intensive process because it involves many people to be involved from even an early stage. Security may also become an issue because of all of the people involved. These downfalls are the reason that collaborative-participative is used on decisions that are not time sensitive or sensitive to information...
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...facilitates design communication using shared work environments. Previous studies on this topic laid a solid foundation for creative convergence network studies. However, prior research had no way of incorporating sketching as a communication into the collaborative process. Because of recent technologies, the department now has the ability to incorporate freehand sketching into the collaborative process. This adds a new facet to the process of collaborating. We also explored three different programs commonly used on collaborative team projects: Cintiq tablets, and either flash drives, Tidebreak’s TeamSpot, or TeamViewer. The goal of our research was to examine how technology changes the approach to team design and how technology will aid the creative decision-making process. We worked to compare how group decision-making processes change when in different environments and when different technologies are used. We analyzed use of shared workspace, freehand sketching, keystroke patterns and how well teams work with current technology and software. Thereby, tracking the group’s entire decision-making process. The benefit of our research was two-fold. We contributed to the existing research of team psychology and how collaborative work environments aid the design process. We were also the first research team to conduct how being able to sketch and communicate through sketches adds ease to the design process. Conducting this research also helped us understand research within...
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...Building Synergies Charles Woodall August 9, 2010 Across the United States, state legislatures are responding to rising expectations in the workplace and the demands of a global economy by setting higher standards for schools. To enforce these standards, legislatures are creating high-stakes assessment systems that hold schools accountable for student achievement. In response to this initiative the president of the United States, Barack Obama, has created an initiative called “Race to the top”. This program was developed to give school districts financial incentives to improve failing schools and motivate educators about attaining these expectations. In addition, this “race to the top” initiative will increase the emphasis of accountability on teachers and school leaders. More than ever, in today’s climate of heightened expectations, principals are in the hot seat. They are being scrutinized on their ability to improve teaching and learning. They need to be educational visionaries, instructional and curriculum leaders, assessment experts, disciplinarians, community builders, public relations experts, budget analysts, facility managers, special programs administrators, and expert overseers of legal, contractual, and policy mandates and initiatives. They are expected to broker the often-conflicting interests of parents, teachers, students, district office...
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...Discuss the concepts of centralized vs. decentralized purchasing authority, identify their relative advantages and disadvantages, and provide examples of when each may be appropriate. Centralized purchasing authority relies on one person to make decisions and direct the company. Sometimes in small businesses this is used because the owner is typically responsible for the operations of the company. The person held accountable in centralized authority structures is held accountable by the top management for proper performance of the purchasing activities. Often in smaller businesses this is necessary to attain a high operating efficiency and to maximize profits. The power of decision making is in just a few positions and there is typically little input from other positions. In large organizations this can be a good tactic if there is little segmentation among the business. In decentralized structures there are several people making decisions and running operations. In decentralized styles there is a team of people and different levels in the business. With having a larger team making decisions employees are usually empowered to make business decisions. Centralized authority can create extreme efficiency for a business. Usually the owner of the business can develop a mission and vision and set specific objectives for the managers to follow to achieve the desired goals. There is potentially a reduction of potential duplication of effort and the ability to leverage...
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...1) You are the Director in charge of corporate negotiations for Lockheed-Martin. You are in potential merger discussions with arch-rival General Dynamics. Pending FTC approval of this merger, discuss TWO key negotiation fundamentals that you will employ and explain why these fundamentals are essential for this pending merger discussion (from the section 1 reading). Be specific as to your justification. A negotiation is a dialogue between two or more party’s geared towards reaching a mutual agreement. During negotiations each party should be desperately trying to achieve an advantage for his or hers organization, they should also be ready and willing to compromise. Negotiations transpire every day, in many different areas such as our government, non-profit organizations, business and even in the personal aspect of our lives such as divorce, dual and even separated parenting. The negotiation process involves a number of different key negotiation fundamentals and sub processes that make it a success. This paper will discuss two key negotiation fundamentals and two negotiation sub processes that I, as a director in charge of corporate negotiations for Lockheed Martin, feel would lead to a successful negotiation outcome for a pending merger with my organizations arch rival, General Dynamics. Question 1, part 1 - Key fundamental #1: Selecting a strategy I believe that selecting the right strategy or mix of strategies to use during negotiations, significantly increase...
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...Article #2 Enhancing Nurse and Physician Collaboration in Clinical Decision Making Through High-fidelity Interdisciplinary Simulation Training By: Pamela M. Maxson, PhD, RN; Eric J. Dozois, MD; Stefan D. Holubar, MD; Diane M. Wrobleski, PhD, RN, and etc. According to McConaughey and Marshall and Manus, the Joint Commission identified communication problems as the root cause of 65% of sentinel events with 74% resulting in deaths. The communication between nurses and physicians is a very vital thing to make sure things run smoothly in a hospital. Effective collaboration between nurses and physicians has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality rates, cost of care, and medical errors and to improve job satisfaction and retention of nursing staff (Mayo Clinic, 2011). Collaboration between nurses and physicians is a big deal for retention purposes. Patients are at risk of serious effects when exchanged information is misunderstood or misinterpreted. The need for improvement in the ability of nurses and physicians to exchange information is well known. Team-training exercises for health care professionals are considered to be highly effective tool to improve communication and team performance, especially in crisis situations (Mayo Clinic, 2011). One way to do this is high fidelity simulation training which offers a realistic and experiential environment in which learners practice response to clinical scenarios, debrief, and evaluate team performance in the absence of patient...
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...and logistics operations. Several factors contribute to this effect: 1. Transportation discounts, which induce distributors to order larger quantities less frequently 2. Trade promotions and volume discounts that create demand fluctuations. 3. Delivery lead times of an average of 10 days from Barilla to the distributors. 4. Product proliferation, which makes forecasting more difficult. 5. Poor communication between parties in the supply chain. 6. Sequential decision-making process in the supply chain, i.e., no collaboration. The JITD program transfers decision-making authority for determining Barilla-distributor shipments from the distributor to Barilla. Rather than simply filling orders specified by the distributor, Barilla would monitor the flow of its product through the distributors warehouse, and then decide what to ship to the distributor and when to ship it. This system alleviates many of the problems listed above, and enables Barilla to make manufacturing and logistics decisions that benefit the entire system. b. The most significant internal barrier to JITD is raised by the sales reps, who feel that JITD would diminish their role in managing inventory and setting up promotions, potentially threatening their job security. Giorgio Maggiali needs to explain and demonstrate to the sales force that the proposed program would in fact increase customer service level by reducing stock-outs, and potentially lead to cost savings. Ultimately, JITD would help...
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...Garymack Channing Burnette American Intercontinental University Unit 1 Individual Project MGMT305-1204B-06 Management Information Systems Sunday, October 07, 2012 Abstract The following paper takes in a count for how companies use information systems for help managing internal operations by way of good decisions. Furthermore, how companies apply working knowledge of computers and ancillaries to evaluate how business problems can be solved. Moreover, how businesses use the aforementioned tools to facilitate ecommerce through the use of business to business and business to customer technology. INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESS What's the Buzz on Smart Grids? Case study 1. How smart grids differ from the current electricity infrastructure in the United States The current electricity infrastructure within the U.S. provides power to shoppers with the smart grid providing info of how shoppers use energy. This makes it exhausting to be able to develop varied methods and approaches to finding ways of optimally distributing power. This infrastructure conjointly doesn't effectively handle power that's generated from energy sources. On the opposite hand smart girds digitally deliver electricity from suppliers to shoppers in a vary means that enables back and forth communication between suppliers and shoppers thereby enhancing selections created on energy production and consumption. This helps in saving energy, reducing prices and pollution and increasing transparency and re-liableness since...
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...House for Rent From day to day business and personal relationships, there are many instances when one finds themselves in a negotiation or bargaining position with one or more persons involved. When deciding to relocate for a two year venture my with current employer for an assignment, the decision to sell the four-bedroom, two-bathroom Tudor style house I own was decided that was not my best option. However, gaining a lessee would be the next best option. A real-estate friend has found a possible lessee and negotiation a lease would be the next step. In the following, the negotiating and bargaining process will be addressed; who the parties are, specified individual and collaborated goals, as well as behaviors and bargaining style that should be represented. The one primary goal of negotiation is to reach an agreement between two or more parties. To be more specific, Harvard Law School describes negotiating as more of a process; this is "the discussion between two or more disputants, who seek to find a solution to a common problem, one that meets their needs and interests acceptably" (The President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2014). Within any bargaining and negotiation, there cannot be less than two disputants. In this particular scenario, the disputants would be myself and a thirty-something, single male who is beginning a two-year residency in a local hospital as a doctor. Each disputing party also has goals that need to be met. For the hospital resident, his goal...
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...Case Study #2: Pacific Oil Company PROC 5840: Pacific Oil Case Study 30 Sep 2013 Abstract This paper assesses a negotiation between Pacific Oil Company, a seller of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), and Reliant Chemical Company, a buyer of VCM. Each negotiation team’s strengths and weaknesses will be assessed. The Pacific Oil strengths included their negotiation team and the strength of the VCM market. Their weaknesses included poor organizational control, managerial decision making, and their failure to recognize the changing interests of Reliant Chemical and selection of a negotiation strategy. Reliant Chemical strengths were assessed as a strong organizational relationship and management decision making. It recognized, resolved and or reconciled the changing interests of Pacific Oil, derived the best approach for the negotiation, determined the relationship with the other negotiator(s), and selected the appropriate strategy and tactics. Reliant Chemical had one assessed weakness, which was its possible vulnerability to effective counter tactics. The paper concluded by providing a recommendation to close the negotiation with Reliant Chemical on more favorable terms to Pacific Oil. Introduction The Pacific Oil Company negotiation filled with examples of how people (Corporations, Management and Negotiator(s)) should prepare, interact and react during a negotiation...
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