...The Globalization of Prostitution According to Manfred Steger, professor at the University of Hawaii, globalization can be defined as the “intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localitites in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa” (13). The main characteristics of globalization are the increased amount of global trading, markets’ openings, and inflow and outflow of goods and service (Ditmore, 186). Globalization has four major qualities such as creation of new social networks, stretching of social relations, intensification of social exchanges, and consciousness across the world (14-15). Globalization can be beneficial in terms of communication and economic trade but also can be very harmful when it comes to sex marketing, trafficking and prostitution. Prostitution is a very controversial topic and is widely debated in different countries. Globally, people are divided into proponents and opponents of legalization of prostitution. This paper is going to research and critically analyze the conflict regarding legalization of prostitution as well as provide a comparative perspective on illegal prostitution in the United States and legal prostitution in Germany. Prostitution is often named as the oldest profession in the world. Even in the times of Bible, prostitution was one of the most common ways for women to earn money. According to American Bible Society, Proverbs 23:27-28 says “for a prostitute...
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...Human Trafficking Human trafficking is a multimillion dollar epidemic that occurs in every country in the world. Essentially, it is modern day slavery. According to the United Nations, human trafficking is the recruitment, transportation or receiving of persons with the intent of exploitation in any form. Victims of human trafficking are recruited by the use of force, fear, promise of a better life, along with many other things to convince an individual to go with the trafficker. Trafficking is done for the exploitation of an individual this includes prostitution, slavery, and forced labour. Since the early 1990’s, the UNODC (United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime) has been working on a prevention plan for human trafficking and The Protocol to Prevent, Supress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons was developed. It states that “In addition to the criminalization of trafficking, the Trafficking in Persons Protocol requires criminalization also of persons whom attempt to commit a trafficking offence, the participation as an accomplice in such an offence, or organizing or directing others to commit trafficking” (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2012). This means that anyone who participates in human trafficking, be it the recruitment of victims or knowingly hiring a victim, will be criminalized for his or her actions. Canada is a destination for human trafficking. The highest percentage of individuals being smuggled into Canada are used for sexual exploitation, prostitution...
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...Within the last decade, the trafficking of women and children for sexual exploitation has become a major concern for governments and the media. Government and legislation played a major role in constructing and maintaining sex trafficking as a social problem. Although, the United States has been less visible as a site of transnational and domestic trafficking in women than other countries, this situation is beginning to change. Recent accounts about human and sex trafficking in the United States, mainly appearing in national and local media, indicates that trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation is a national problem; and one that is increasing in scope and magnitude. The U.S. government estimates that 50,000 women and children are trafficked each year into the United States, primarily from other countries. However, little research has been completed on contemporary trafficking in the United States. Women and children have been the target of sex trafficking for thousands of years. This practice, going on throughout the centuries, finally became a political issue in the early 1900s. In 1902, the International Agreement for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic was drafted. Its purpose was to "prevent the procuration of women and girls for immoral purposes abroad" (www.protectionproject.org). After a few years it was ratified by twelve countries around the world. This eventually led to the United States passing the Mann Act of 1910 which "forbids transporting...
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...Child Prostitution Child prostitution refers to children and adolescents receiving money or other items of value in exchange for engaging in sexual acts or allowing sexual acts to be performed on them. Child prostitution is a form of sexual abuse. According to Child Maltreatment, published in 2008, sexual abuse is defined as a type of maltreatment that refers to the involvement of the child in sexual activity to provide sexual benefit or financial benefit to the perpetrator, including contacts for sexual purposes, molestation, statutory rape, (child) prostitution, (child) pornography, exposure, incest or other sexually exploitative activities. Both girls and boys may be prostituted. Some children have had hundreds of sex partners. They usually continue a life of prostitution into adulthood. Federal laws in the United States, as well as laws in every state, ban child prostitution. In the United States, any person who knowingly transports any child under the age of 18 years in interstate or foreign commerce or in any commonwealth, territory or possession of the United States, with the intent that the individual engage in prostitution or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, or attempts to do so, may be fined or imprisoned. In some states, such as Maine and Wisconsin, prostituting one's child is specific grounds for the termination of parental rights. (In other states, parental rights may be terminated for sexual abuse, abandonment...
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...dysfunction. We see cases of illegal trade of weapons and drugs. Yes, this causes distress throughout the county and our world, but these are just “things.” Beyond the drugs and weapons, there is an even worse kind of illegal trade. Humans. Besides the illegal trade of weapons and drugs, human trafficking is the third largest illegal money-maker (Farr 2). Human trafficking is the purchase, sale, recruitment, harboring, transportation, transfer, or receipt of a person for the purpose of commercial sex (Gerdes 19). This being the world’s third largest illegal industry, it is rarely heard of and expressed. Human Trafficking is an enormous global problem. Of the estimated four million people who are trafficked around the world each year, over one million are trafficked into the sex industry. The volume keeps increasing. Researchers believe that the “actual” numbers are much higher than these estimates because many instances of trafficking go undetected (Farr 3). Researchers have concluded that sex trafficking is one of the most, if not the most, rapidly growing form of human trafficking (Farr 5). This industry is expanding at an ever accelerating rate, operating in marketplaces where supply and demand are high and risks to the traffickers are low, making it a highly profitable and enduring business (Farr 3). , The fastest-growing source region is the former Soviet States now known as the NIS (Newly Independent States). Not only did they serve as the fastest-growing...
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...Stacey Pena April 4, 2012 Deborah AP Humanities Silenced Human Trafficking What is Human Trafficking? Many people are familiar with human trafficking, but do not hear about it as much as murders or robberies on the news. It is like it never happens. I always question myself about what can be done to put a stop to this and make people aware of this crisis. People are being taken and others do not even know what is going on around them. Nicholas Kristof is one of the individuals that is working towards making a change and helping other girls become free from this terrible experience. They create helpful organizations that put up a fight. Organizations are creating awareness towards the public about human trafficking. They are working on cases that involve the victims and have created groups to help overcome this life changing experience. Trafficking is a profitable industry. It has been identified as the fastest growing criminal industry in the world. It is second only to drug trafficking as the most profitable illegal industry in the world. In 2004, the total annual revenue for human trafficking was estimated to be between $5 billion and $9 billion (Cornell University). Even so, there are a lot of organizations out there helping. Many people are not aware about the human trafficking that is going on in the world and the things people go through while being trafficked. There are a lot of organizations out there helping, but are not creating awareness. There...
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...Human trafficking is the fastest increasing criminal industry in today’s world, coming in second after illegal drug-trade. This type of slaver has been traced back to the ancient Mesopotamian and Mediterranean civilization and has continued to grow. What is human trafficking? Commonly referred to as "modern-day slavery" is the illegal trade of human beings for forced labor or for exploitation. Exploitation referring to the using others for prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery, or the removal of organs. Woman and young children living in poverty are the ones who usually fall in the trap of the traffickers. Due to poverty many woman are not educated and are no employed leaving them with no choice but to sell their bodies to provide for their families. An approximate of 17,500 foreigners are trafficked each year in the United States alone, the number of United States citizens trafficked within the United States are even higher. Human trafficking is a near-guaranteed death due HIV and AIDS woman are infected with. Government around the world are just beginning to address this problem and have realized just how strong this type of slavery has become. Poverty is the leading cause in human trafficking. It has been documented that poverty leads to a lack of education leading to no employment and that leading to sex trafficking by fighting poverty many believe that there will be an end to sex trafficking too. Woman living in poverty countries...
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...crime is an issue that threatens the safety and security of people all over the world. Global crime can be international drug smuggling operations, human trafficking, or international prostitution rings. Weapons trading are also a problem that exists all over the world. There are always concerns of rogue nations selling nuclear weapons to other nations that do not follow the guidelines of the world community. In the international community, human trafficking has become an issue that is spiraling out of control. The "International Trafficking" (2010) website cites that victims of this crime are usually trafficked both within the countries borders and inside other countries borders. Human trafficking happens in different ways, sex trafficking occurs all over the world, while Burma traffics children to be soldiers. The trafficking crimes are not contained to other countries as Florida has been known to have forced labor practices within the citrus fields. Lucas (2011) addresses the difficulties in securing weapons caches that can be used to sell unconventional weaponry. This is a crime based upon the Nuclear Proliferation Treaty that was approved by all permanent members of the UN Security Council. Drug trafficking has also been a huge problem on the borders of the United States as well as other countries. According to Drug Trafficking (n.d), drug trafficking is a black market production and distribution of psychoactive...
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...Human Trafficking – Prostitution in San Diego, California A sad fact widely known but not nearly as much talked about is that even in the land of the free, people are being bought, sold and smuggled like modern-day slaves. People are slowly disappearing, may it be somebody’s neighbor down the street, an unknown victim at the park or anybody in a known city like San Diego residing on the borders of Mexico. According to the Legal Social Issues Research Lab, “A modern-day form of slavery is known as human trafficking.” Victims of human trafficking are subjected to force, fraud, or coercion, for the purpose of sexual exploitation or forced labor. We are all victims as they are young children, teenagers, men and woman. Most Victims are trafficked into the Sex Industry. David A. Feingold states in his article that: Moving people across borders is as old as supplies and demand. What is new is the volume of the traffic and –and the realization that we have done little to stem the tide. We must look beyond our raw emotions if we are ever to stop those who trade in human lives. Trafficking in human begins with the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons for the purpose of exploitation. Human trafficking differs from people smuggling. In the latter, people would voluntarily request smuggler’s service for fees, and there may be no deception involved in this agreement. On arrival at their destination, the smuggled person is either free or is required...
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...Human Trafficking Human trafficking is a problem that is suffered all over the world. Contrary to what many believe, human trafficking is not just a problem that affects women. Human trafficking affects women, men and children all; and not just in the United States all over the world. Human trafficking comes in forms of work labor, sex-trafficking or both. Human trafficking up to this day has not been a forefront issue; but there are some organizations as well as government agencies that are trying to make human tracking a top priority. And assist the victims of this morally inhuman act. Human trafficking in many cases the victims are lured away from their homes and forced to work in prostitution, sweat shops, on farms and many other types of labor. Children are unfortunately one of the most common victims of trafficking. The buyers go to impoverished parents in every country in the world and offer them money for their children. “At least 2 million children are trafficked annually for child labor and sexual exploitation.” ("World vision-fighting child," 2011) Although the human trafficking of children is normally associated with international trafficking; children human trafficking is also an issue domestically. ; With runaway children being lured to different states by their traffickers. Here in the United States, the trafficking problem, though our problem is mostly sex trafficking where young girls and women, and occasionally boys...
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...their criminal activities. This has resulted in an unmatched scale of international crime. Global Crime Global crime threatens the safety and security of every person throughout the world. International crime is drug smuggling, human trafficking, trading in weapons, actions that involve serious violence and physical harm. Global crimes do not respect geographic borders. Non-violent crimes involve extortion, fraud, money laundering, counterfeiting, economic espionage, intellectual property theft, and cybercrimes. These global crimes are not influenced by violence, but cause major damage to those affected. Global Drug Trade According to the UN Drug Report 2012, between 153, and 300 million people consumed illicit drugs at least once last year (Wolf, 2012). Around 10% of users are considered “problem drug users”; this is a disturbing percentage because more than 100,000 people die each year as a result of illicit drug use (Wolf, 2012). The problems associated with the illegal drug trade continue to grow globally. Global drug abuse and ease of access have become extremely complex, as trafficking routes are shorter, varied, and easily traversed, and as the demand for heroin, cocaine, ecstasy, and amphetamines become increasingly global, so does drug trafficking (Interpol, 2011). The increasing demand for narcotics is...
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...Final Capstone Project Sam Hunt CRJ 422 Instructor Bob Carthio February 20, 2016 Final Capstone Project In the 19th Century the United States government abolished slavery, but for many years now and even currently within our country we are facing a major crisis. This crisis is in the form of modern day slavery, which is also referred to as human trafficking. Human trafficking comes in several forms and it can in many ways be a hidden problem within our country that many people do not see on a day to day basis. Many people may not ever actually see the problem of human trafficking at all in their lifetime. Human trafficking has many different effects on its victims, but the most damaging effect caused by human trafficking is the psychological effects that can last a lifetime and can cause many future problems, such as being able to function properly and being able to trust others again after their terrible experience. Basically to be able to summarize the issue of human trafficking, we must first take a look at what exactly human trafficking is. Human trafficking is in its most basic form an aspect of modern day slavery as we would compare it to. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2000), human trafficking is, “Trafficking in persons as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse...
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...Project 4 Human Trafficking: A Global Epidemic When Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation in 1963, we thought this was the end to slavery, but the sad truth is that it is still occurring today all over the world. This form of modern day slavery is called human trafficking. The United Nations defines human trafficking as "The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation."(United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) Human trafficking is a global epidemic, which occurs everyday, in almost every single country in the world. It’s an international industry that is rapidly expanding. Patrick Belser of ILO has estimated human trafficking to be a $31.6 billion industry. This is second only to the drug trade. The 2010 Trafficking in Persons Report by the U.S. Department of State estimates that there are 12.3 million slaves being held captive around the world. This is second only to the drug trade. Globally 80% of human trafficking victims are women and 60% are children. In the minute it took you to read this paragraph two children have become victims to human trafficking. There are two main types of human trafficking with countless...
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...Exploitation of Women in Prostitution Submitted by: 9 Nadine Bo 27 Isabella Manuel III-Katarungan Submitted to: Miss Josel Cruz March 11, 2013 I. Introduction Many of today’s social issues have been around for hundreds of years. Social issues can be likened to a cancer; a cancer that grows inside but can be fully removed with proper treatment. This includes corruption, poverty, war crimes, racism and human trafficking. Human trafficking has gone far from being unnoticed in its many forms such as prostitution of women and even children. As early as 18th century BC, prostitution has been recognized as a profession. It was a sign of hospitality for the ancient Sumerians, for others it was obligatory for their beliefs and religion. However, man has gone far from the ways of the old. Now, the world is at that point in history where everyone should have learned from ancestors’ accomplishments and failures alike. Prostitution, commonly referred to as “the world’s oldest profession”, must have been solved as a social issue long ago, but similar to other issues it hasn’t been fully eliminated because it is a social problem. Social problems are deeply rooted in the nature of humans and society. As long as there are people willing to understand and work with these women towards social equity, there is a solution. There are efforts to remove prostitution and most of all the exploitation, harassment and abuse of those involved such as legal measures and private organizations...
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...Name: Patrick Amara Essay #4: Research Paper Pro. Murray March 28, 2013 Human Trafficking INTRODUCTION The social issue of human trafficking has garnered the attention of the United Nations, as a report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. A global problem exists reaching every developed, developing, and undeveloped country on the planet. The first ever global forum to fight human trafficking was held February 13-15, 2008 in Vienna. One of the major issues addressed was the lack of information and varied responses from countries and their agencies formed to combat the growing crime. In attendance were delegates from more than 100 countries, law enforcement teams, business leaders, legislators, and recognized experts on human trafficking (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, UNODC, n.d). The Executive Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Antonio Maria Costa, described the problem as "a monster whose shape, size and ferocity we can only guess" (UNODC, n.d). Throughout this paper the researchers will examine the nature of the population and social issues confronting them and explore the macro practice interventions. First, look at human trafficking and what defines it. DEFINITION Human Trafficking is the modern day practice of slavery, according to the Polaris Project (Polaris Project, n.d.). Human trafficking has a basis of the recruitment, harboring, and transportation of people solely for the purpose of exploitation...
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