...questioned about its international practices. It is a commodity giant specialized in raw materials. The multi-billion dollar commodity giant is accused of profiting from child labor in several mining exploitation in the Congo, moreover, claims say that it is paying the associates of paramilitary killers in Colombia. An investigation proves that children as young as ten are working in the Glencore-owned mining concession and some confidential documents show a Glencore subsidiary made payments to the suspected associates of paramilitary in Colombia. In the Congo, while international law prohibits anyone under 18 working in a mine, many of the miners were under the legal age. Although Glencore says it stopped operating in the mine since 2008, because of the collapse in the price of copper, it still owns the concession. Glencore chief executive Ivan Glasenberg said the mine had been taken over by local workers without its permission. He said the child miners were part of a group of freelance miners who "raided our land in 2010… against all of our authorization. We are pleading with the government to remove the artisanal miners from our concession." In Colombia, At least 10 people were murdered when paramilitaries seized a patch of land called El Prado next door to Glencore's Calenturitas coal mining concession in 2002. The...
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...IDSA Issue Brief IDSA ISSUE BRIEF 1 Countering the Naxals Harinder Singh Col. Harinder Singh is Research Fellow at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi June 11, 2010 Summary This essay attempts to weld the three prongs - governance, security and development - to better understand and handle the situation in the naxal affected states. Theoretically speaking, a three-pronged approach will have to be built around the conceptual framework of GRID-GUARD-GOVERN spanning the critically affected naxal belt. There is nothing new about the strategy except that it would have to be comprehensive in design and necessitate a "whole of the government" approach. The strategy presupposes the need to do away with the sequential application of socio-economic solutions, and which could sometimes be unsavourily politics or media driven, by undertaking security-led governance cum development action. Countering the Naxals 2 India has been engaged in combating internal threats including armed rebellions since independence. It has applied a different approach in each situation, and over time has evolved principles, guidelines and procedures to deal with these challenges. It has learned that counterinsurgency campaigns are not just about winning wars, but about controlling the political violence at levels that enable the initiation of peace initiatives and the creation of an environment conducive to foster dialogue and negotiations. It has been fairly successful...
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...------------------------------------------------- Executive Summary Now a day’s industrial police is a burning question in today’s business organizations. As Bangladesh is a developing country. Its economy is highly dependent on current and potential industries. But some industrial disputes and collusion had taken these industries to the border of destruction. In October 31, 2011 government has declared the journey of industrial police. Its main duty is to maintain peace in the industry. But it has some special duties and special authorities, which are different from other polices of our country. This paramilitary force is a very useful gift to the Bangladesh industry. So from different aspect, industrial police plays a very important role for our country. So we prepared this report on “Industrial Police of Bangladesh”. ------------------------------------------------- Origin of the Report In accordance with business organizations business educations has taken a new form. In here every education is meaningless if it is not implemented in practical field. That is why, at the end of the course a report is given to us to enrich our experience and practical knowledge about that course. That is why report on “Industrial Police of Bangladesh” was given to us in respect of our course “Business and Industrial Law”. ------------------------------------------------- Introduction Polices devoted to maintain the environment of the industry and enforce the law regarding industrial...
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...Colombia's war-torn indigenous villages, three brave women from distinct tribes use nonviolent resistance to defend their peoples' survival. Warfare between the guerrillas, paramilitary groups, and armed forces endangers Colombia's 102 aboriginal groups, dozens of which face extinction because of the conflict. Despite being trapped in a prolonged conflict financed by the drug trade, indigenous women are resourcefully leading and creating transformation imbued with hope. Doris is a young Awá tribal leader who takes charge to protect a group of internal refugees fleeing combat between the army and the guerrillas. While speaking at a U.N. press conference in Colombia’s capital, she learns that five people from her village were slain by masked men. Despite the risks, Doris returns to her village. She continues leading the vulnerable Awá people whose living, growing coca leaves, which are the base for cocaine, makes them targets for the U.S. funded fumigations. Doris is determined to defend her people and end the violence by speaking out. Ludis is a Kankuamo widow, and mother of three, who is framed and imprisoned on false charges of rebellion. After a year, Ludis is released from prison. She returns to her village and forms a weaving collective with other female victims of the systematic murders perpetrated by paramilitary bands. Later, Ludis confronts her husbands’ killer and spares her sons from perpetuating this cycle of violence. Flor Ilva is the first woman entrusted to lead her 300-year-old...
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...Drastically Impacted World History has been impacted by so many civilizations and trade it is quite unbelievable. Yet, what is a great example of World History being impacted? A good example of World History being impacted or altered is the Columbian Exchange. The Columbian Exchange is not just about the mere exchange of trades and goods. It includes the idea that the Europeans changed the very culture of many people in different areas. For one, the Europeans brought a smallpox epidemic to the America’s, which almost wiped out the people living there. This is not the only way Europeans impacted other civilizations. Many people living in China received many new crops. One crop in particular is the potato. The potato will eventually become important...
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...Slavery was a universal culture in the 19th century. It was common and deemed necessary. Slaves were looked upon as having no more importance than cattle and swine. Slaves were not thought of as human beings, they were objects of possession. It did not matter if one thought it was right or wrong. It was a way of life, an ugly truth that framed an important part of history forever. Frederick Douglass was one of the most important leaders of the slave abolitionist movement and fought to end slavery in the United States during the 19th Century. As evidenced in his text, Douglas had a passion for what he believed in. Even as a young man, he knew he was missing something in his life. Douglas had more insight at ten years old than some have throughout a lifetime. Learning to read and write allowed Douglas to unravel a powerful message to the black community of his time. Slaves learning to read and write in the 19th Century was not only illegal, it was immoral. Slaves were to be kept dumb and simple so that they could be molded into what their owners wanted from them. Mrs. Auld was a powerful tool in Douglas’s life. Douglas had saw the good in a white person for the first time in his life. Douglas referenced Mrs. Ault by saying “Her face was made of heavenly smiles, and her voice of tranquil music.” The kindness that Mrs. Ault showed Douglas as a young boy would open his heart and allow him to gain the other important tools he would need to become free. Mr. Auld’s belief was...
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...Samantha Harris April 4, 2014 The Columbian Exchange Columbus’s Voyage played a pivotal role in History because it lead to the exchange of goods, people and ideas, between the Old World and the World, which has been termed the Columbian Exchange or the Great Exchange, devised by historian Alfred Crosby, of the University of Texas. Many new and different goods were exchanged between parts of the Earth and transformed Europe and American ways of life. Everyone today knows that Florida is famous for our oranges, and as a matter of fact it is our official state fruit and is a major part of Florida’s economy. However, did you know that before Columbus and the Columbian Exchange, oranges did not exist in the Americas? The orange plant is believed to be native to Asia. I believe that It’s Important to understand the Columbian Exchange, because understanding the Columbian Exchange helps us understand the forces that shape the world , as we know it today. This essay will specifically focus on the impact the Columbian Exchange had on Europe in regards to newly introduced plants. New plants impacted Europe in a very positive way by increasing Europe’s population tremendously and also creating economic stimulation which make this country a very powerful country. Newly introduced plants also had some negative impacts, not on Europe but on slaves. New plants associated with the Columbian Exchange had a huge impact on the population of Europe. The Old World received bountiful...
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...The Columbian Exchange named after Christopher Columbus happened during the 15th to 17th centuries. The explorers, settlers, and natives exchanged technology, animals, plants, and diseases among the Old World countries and the New World. Because of their trades and exploration our country has helped become what it is today. It is a powerful, wealthy, independent nation that has given opportunity to others that settlers were able to find when they came here. We have been blessed with the technologies that were brought here. Machinery and agricultural equipment helped develop the land and feed more people. Architectural designs grew large and great cities. Domesticated farm animals allowed people to have a permanent place to live and grow their families as well as a community. Some native animals were also sent back to Europe such as the turkey and some camelids. Plant species that were traded greatly helped the European countries more than the New World settlers. Basic crops such as potatoes, corn, squash, and beans provided more food choices for the average European citizen. They also benefitted from chili peppers and cacao. This enabled them to have some spice and chocolate. Columbus only brought sugar cane over to be grown since it did not grow well there. This enhanced the American diet though not always in a good way. The diseases that were exchanged through contact devastated mainly the Native Americans who had no immunity to things like small pox and influenza. Syphilis...
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...Discuss the process of the exchange, what was involved, and the impact on both the Americas and Europe. According to Nathan Nunn and Nancy Qian, “The Columbian Exchange refers to the exchange of diseases, ideas, food crops, and populations between the New World and the Old World following the voyage to the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492.” The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas. The first major impact that affected the new world was the diseases. Some of the diseases they came in contact with were smallpox, measles, whooping cough, typhus, and malaria. Since they were not immune to these diseases they were completely defenseless. There were very few diseases from the new world but the most notable was syphilis. The second major impact that affected the new and old world was the transfer of foods. Some of the most nutritional foods introduced were potatoes, sweet potatoes, maize, and manioc. Some other foods such as tomatoes, and chili peppers were not high in calories. Quinine, a significant impact, was a medicinal gift from the new world to the old world. Quinine was the first effective treatment for malaria. The introduction of new wildlife was a drastic change for the new world because they knew nothing of horses, cattle, sheep, or goats; those were all animals of the old world. Animals were also infected by all types of diseases. Religion affected both the new and old world. Roman Catholics were one of the first religious groups to...
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...Influence of the Columbian Exchange History of Colonial Latin America Prof. Young Maria Gabriela Garcia The Columbian Exchange has been one of the most significant and influential events in the history of the world, concerning mainly of the widespread exchange of plants, animals, human population, diseases, ideas and technology. This term refers to the exchanges occurred between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres after 1492, Columbus’ voyages. Overall, the Columbian Exchange made a huge impact on both the Old World and the New World, including changes in production of crops, spread of diseases, and migration. The plants that comprised the Columbian Exchange, changed both the economy and the culture in the Old and New World....
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...Colonization in the New World Justin P. Wilson Excelsior College Abstract With growing populations, limitations on land, and religious persecution, the desire and need for expansion to new lands was critical. Reasons for this are many, but the economic benefits and religious freedoms provided by this migration are extremely important to understand. Columbian Exchange Over time and through exploration, the New World was discovered. As migration took place, many benefits were discovered by the colonists and western expansion took place. Though there were many reasons for this movement, the economics of these new lands along with religious freedoms were two of the main reasons for migration. War and limitations on land use caused a dire need for expansion. Persecution for religious beliefs made it desirable to seek new homes to freely practice versus the active suppression. After a very costly war and a shift in demands, the English had a burning desire to obtain land. “Because of the worldwide demand for wool was growing rapidly, landowners were converting their land from fields for crops to pastures for sheep” (Brinkley, 2010). With land plots decreasing for crops and the effects of a war-torn Europe upon them, migration to new lands became more and more enticing. As migration took place, new land was obtained. With the new land came an expansion in economic incentives, from new trade to new crops. “Second, the discovery of the Americas provided the Old...
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...The Columbian Exchange era begin in 1492 when Christopher Columbus settled to the new land which was later called America. America’s resources are the reason for the success that Europe had from the Columbian Exchange. Studied by historian Alfred Crosby, this was a process in which the animals, plants, and bacteria life mixed in the New Worlds. It was a time of cultural exchanges between the New World and the Old World. In this time, many people were making discoveries that would affect the Worlds in a positive way, but also some discoveries would be negative. The positive discoveries from the Columbian exchange that would help the expansion of Europe was technology, plants, and animals. The downfall that was brought with the Columbian Exchange was the fast spread of disease though the New Worlds. Europe became a powerhouse because of the discovery of new technology such as a written alphabet, new farming equipment, new weapons and firearms, and architecture. Europeans introduced the written alphabet to the natives during the Columbian exchange to improve trade. Not only did they teach them the alphabet for trade, but they taught them it because they wanted to educate the natives about religion. The Europeans wanted the natives to convert their beliefs to Christianity. This discovery of the alphabet was a huge reason for Europeans technological success. One of the biggest technological advancements in the New World was the discovery of the plow. Livestock would drag the plow...
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...The Columbian Exchange took place in 1942. The Exchange encompassed four pivotal categories. These categories entailed animals, plants, diseases, and people. The Columbian Exchange also entailed the trading of commodities between the Old World and the New World. The Old World transported numerous animals to the New World such as pigs, horses, chickens, and cattle. Although the New World did not bestow animals, they bestowed other expedient commodities such as plants. The New World gave avocadoes, peanuts, cocoa, potatoes, and tobacco. Tobacco was exerted as a medicine to help stomach impediments that emanated from parasites and bacteria in unhygienic water. People would swallow the tobacco and the tobacco would exterminate the parasites in the victims’ gastrointestinal system. Much analogous to parasites, people commenced to apprehending other diseases that caused them to become terminally ill. The Old World was the one liable for the augmentation of these diseases. The Old World bestowed upon the New World diseases such as mumps, measles, and smallpox. After these diseases undertook effect, the civilization’s population plummeted drastically. In remuneration for the Old World’s munificence, the New World bestowed upon the Old World with an additional disease that also deteriorated the population ominously. This disease was differentiated syphilis. Another commodity that was bequeathed with the New World were people. People from the Old World such as Africans, were forced to migrate...
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...BVideo Analysis Worksheet Student Name: Video title: a biography of America/America at the centennial What is the subject of the video? The video relieves true biography of America. What is the purpose or main point of this video? The main point is to show that the Columbian exchange wasn’t the real discovery of America and that American history doesn’t begin in 1492 What 8-10 significant points did you learn from viewing the video? Try to think in terms of larger questions or themes it covers. That Indians did not know the taste of of fruits and vegetables, Columbus went to death thinking he landing in northern asia, in 1492 no one in Ireland never has tasted a potatoe and Italians never ate tomato sauce with their pasta (something that is a huge requirement with these cultures), eurpeans brought back items from the new world to show what they had found, the land discovered was known as “a brave new world”, trade and enterprise expanded with the discovery of the “brave new world” Indians had never seen a cow horse or other animals that they are known to have had, What conclusions can you reach as a result of viewing it? The world learned new ways of cooking and surviving with the discovery of land Columbus had found. What questions do you have as a result of watching the video? Did anyone ever do research on how long the people on the land Columbus had found had been around. The man in the video basically showed that the American history goes...
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...that time. From what I understood the young slave boy never felt slave physically at first, because his mistress was very king. When she changed and become against him he was devastated, and felt mentally slave “She at first lacked the depravity indispensable to shutting me up in mental darkness.”Pp.1 it is very sad what it did to him. It looks like the anger pushed him forward to do better; even though he had closely watched never gave up to read. I am impressed how he found a smart way from the neighborhood white children to learn how to read and write to gain his freedom of knowledge. Knowing how to read wasn’t always a happy journey for him. Sometimes the truth hurt. Reading became his passionate, when he came across the book “The Columbian Orator,” he started to know the meaning of the words he used to hear about slaves, at the same time he understood about how slaves came, and where they came from....
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