...manage solid wastes and modal shift to public transport. The Mission aims to promote energy efficiency as an integral part of urban planning and urban renewal through three initiatives: (i) The Energy Conservation Building Code, which addresses optimization of building energy demand; (ii) Recycling of material and Urban Waste Management with a special focus on producing power from waste, biochemical conversion, waste water use, sewage utilization and recycling options wherever possible and others; (iii) Better urban planning and modal shift to public transport to ensure efficient and convenient public transport. In addition, the Mission will address the need to adapt to future climate change by improving the resilience of infrastructure, community based disaster management, and measures for improving the warning system for extreme weather events. Capacity building would be an important component of this Mission. As part of the Mission for Sustainable Habitat and Green Code for Chandigarh, detailed action plan and guidelines have been prepared by the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) which could be City’s vision for sustainability. Chandigarh is a part of the Mission for solar energy to harness solar energy to meet the requirements of power. In addition to address the issue of mitigation of GHG emission from municipal waste, appropriate actions are required through adoption of scientific waste management systems with options for recovery of wealth from waste, i.e., compost...
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...Solid Waste Management at a College Campus Abhilash Krishna, Krishna Nandanan, Pradeep Kumar S.S. and Srihari K.S. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, India. Abstract This paper examines the technical, economic and environmental aspects of the waste management techniques practiced at an educational campus in South India. It encompasses the entire spectrum of waste collection, segregation, reuse, recycle, incineration and landfill. An in-depth analysis of this process has been done as it helps to both emulate and improve this complex yet essential practice. The study involves interaction with people directly associated with this process by which a clear understanding of the technical and management aspect of the entire process can be obtained. It has also provided a substantial amount of raw data regarding the amount and types of waste generated, labour, cost and other related aspects. Appropriate suggestions and justifications had been put forth to improve the efficiency of the system. Keywords: Bio-degradable waste, compost, non bio-degradable waste, waste management. 1. Introduction A sample population of 8000 people in a 450-acre college campus had been considered. The college campus is located in a nondescript village in South India. In such a populous community, generation of large amount of wastes is not surprising. Waste generated here varies from paper, plastic, cloth, glass to food, construction, hospital...
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...CONSTRUCTION WASTE AND DEMOLITION WASTE What is Construction Waste??(INTRODUCTION):- Construction and demolition waste is generated whenever any construction/demolition activity takes place, such as, building roads, bridges, fly over, subway, remodelling etc. It consists mostly of inert and non-biodegradable material such as concrete, plaster, metal, wood, plastics etc. A part of this waste comes to the municipal stream. These wastes are heavy, having high density, often bulky and occupy considerable storage space either on the road or communal waste bin/container. It is not uncommon to see huge piles of such waste, which is heavy as well, stacked on roads especially in large projects, resulting in traffic congestion and disruption. Waste from small generators like individual house construction or demolition, find its way into the nearby municipal bin/vat/waste storage depots, making the municipal waste heavy and degrading its quality for further treatment like composting or energy recovery. Often it finds its way into surface drains, choking them. It constitutes about 10-20 % of the municipal solid waste (excluding large construction projects). It is estimated that the construction industry in India generates about 10-12 million tons of waste annually. Projections for building material requirement of the housing sector indicate a shortage of aggregates to the extent of about 55,000 million cu.m. An additional 750 million cu.m. aggregates would be required for achieving...
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...Company name: Biffa .The business was founded in Wembley by Richard Henry Biffa in 1912. The company, then called Richard Biffa Limited, was engaged in the removal and sale of ashes and clinker from London power stations, later adding sand & gravel and waste disposal to its operations. In 1958 Richard Henry Biffa's 19-year-old grandson, Richard Charles Biffa joined as a general trainee with duties including tea boy, yard boy, fitter's mate, driver's mate and routing clerk. From 1960-1963 he took over responsibility for plant operations and maintenance and was made Manager in 1963. He spent the rest of the decade building the company, now called Biffa Waste Services, by acquisition and organic growth and consolidated the company's position the waste management market. He is also widely credited with introducing the now ubiquitous waste skip to the UK, making Biffa a household name. 1/1 Mission To do this we are placing recycling at the very heart of our business, along with a strong focus on providing excellent service to our commercial, industrial and municipal customers. Vision We want to build on our reputation for delivering sustainable solutions that help our customers meet their legislative and corporate responsibility requirements. To be known as a company which looks after the needs of our customers and of the environment. Objectives: Biffa believe that all accidents are avoidable and our objective is to plan, controland monitor activities in such a manner...
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...Theory Construction waste materials are now a day’s an issue in developing countries. The countries in the Middle East sector has substantially growing interest in building construction despite of the recession around the world, the construction of building and towers has attracted many international companies and agencies to invest their capital for business and besides it also have optimistic effects on economy of the country like United Arab Emirates. Keeping all these positive points aside the main problem occurring is against the environment in term of waste material from construction. The issue in UAE is the Dubai Municipality's Waste Management Department said in its annual report that a total of 27.7 million tonnes of construction waste was removed from various constructions sites in the city, compared to 10.5 million tonnes in 2006, according to Wam. "Construction and demolition waste makes up 75% of the total solid waste generated in Dubai every year," the news agency said. Dubai's economy has been booming on a near six-fold increase in oil prices since 2002, which has spurred a real estate boom after the family-ruled emirate allowed foreign ownership, attracting home buyers from around the world. Eight million tonnes of construction waste is recycled by Dubai Municipality each year, with the remaining amount going to landfill, Wam said. GCC countries rank in the top 10 of world waste producers with 120 million tonnes of waste per year, and figures are expected...
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...The Role of Public Participation in Organic Waste Management A Case Study of Abuja, Nigeria ABSTRACT Environmental management issues continue to pose greater challenges to various regions across the globe. The municipality of Abuja suffers from low level of public participation in engaging in organic waste management as one of the main ways of achieving environmental sanitation. In a bid to identify ways of enhancing public participation in organic waste management, the study used qualitative primary research, which involved interviewing 57 members of the public through questionnaires. The participants were picked on a simple random basis. From the results the study established that there has been a low level participation amongst the members of the public in organic waste management. The low participation results from some specific obstacles or factors inhibiting the same. Amongst the obstacles identified include lack of adequate funding, insufficient resources, lack of information, ineffective policies and regulation framework, and lack of awareness as some of the obstacles that have inhibited public participation in organic waste management. As a result, the study provides specific recommendations on how to enhance public participation in organic waste management as one of the ways of promoting environmental sanitation. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 6 1.1 Introduction 6 1.2 Statement of the Problem...
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...This article is an overview of the reactions of most Nigerians to environmental hazards at construction sites, the effects of hazards and the safety controls put in place by the Nigerian government and other environmental agencies with the ultimate of reducing the risks associated with those hazards as low as reasonably practicable. Direct on-site observations were used to study the adherence of the construction sites workers to safety tips at Jehovah Witness chapel construction sites, Chelsea avenue, Abakpa Nike, Enugu, Immaculate Conception Parish Construction Site, Abakpa, 18 Felix Okoro Close (a 3-storeyed building construction site) Iji Nike, Enugu, and Ugbene II Road construction by J. Quarrison Nigeria Ltd. The results presented shows...
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...Business Plan Topic: Waste to Building Materials Prepared for: Dr. A.K.M. Saiful Majid Professor Course Instructor: Entrepreneurship Course Code: W301 Prepared by: Safa Tasneem (RQ-17) BBA 18th Batch Date of Submission: January 21, 2013 Institute of Business Administration University of Dhaka [pic] 201, 202 TEJGAON INDUSTRIAL AREA DHAKA 1212, BANGLADESH +8801676907083 tasneem_safa@yahoo.com Partners: The partnership has been formed amongst a group of three close friends and highly aspiring entrepreneurs graduating from the BBA 18th batch of Institute of Business Administration, University of Dhaka. |Name |Address | |Safa Tasneem |House # C-39, Road # 6, Niketan, Gulshan-1, Dhaka-1212 | |Adel Mostaque Ahmed |House # 37, Road # 1, Block– A, Banasree, East Rampura, Dhaka – 1219 | |Ahnaf Zabee |House # 3/6, Block- A, Lalmatia, Mohammadpur, Dhaka | | | | | | ...
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...Urban Waste Management Solid wastes are those organic and inorganic waste materials produced by various activities of the society, which have lost their value to the first user. Improper disposal of solid wastes pollutes all the vital components of the living environment (i.e., air, land and water) at local and global levels. There has been a significant increase in MSW (municipal solid waste) generation in India in the last few decades. This is largely because of rapid population growth and economic development in the country. Due to rapid growth of urban population, as well as constraint in resources, the management of solid waste poses a difficult and complex problem for the society and its improper management gravely affects the public health and degrades environment. The population of Mumbai grew from around 8.2 million in 1981 to 12.3 million in 1991, registering a growth of around 49%. On the other hand, MSW generated in the city increased from 3200 ton per day to 5355 ton per day in the same period registering a growth of around 67% (CPCB 2000). This clearly indicates that the growth in MSW in our urban centers has outpaced the population growth in recent years. This trend can be ascribed to our changing lifestyles, food habits, and change in living standards. Waste referred as rubbish, trash, garbage, or junk is unwanted or unusable material. According to European councils’ directive “Waste is any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required...
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...HOUSEHOLD WASTES - CASE STUDY OF ALIMOSHO LOCAL GOVERNMENT (IYANA IPAJA AND ENVIRONS) LAGOS STATE BY ANWULI JOY NWOSU MATRIC NO: 030802060 In Partial Fulfillment for the Award of Master in Environmental Management (MEM) OCTOBER, 2014 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this research project on Preparedness of Household waste sorting around Iyana Ipaja and its environs as a case study was done by Joy………… in the department of Chemistry under the supervision of my Project Supervisor. ……………………………………… ……………………………… Prject Supervisor Date ……………………………….. ……………………………………. (HOD, Chemistry Department, Unilag) Date DEDICATION AKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT This study examines the overview and the concepts of household waste sorting – waste prevention, collection, recycling and reuse, followed by household analysis using empirical data. The analysis shows the average mean weight composition of household waste sortingat source ranges from 0.50kg to 0.63kg paper, 2.21kg to 3.29kg putrescibles, 0.85kg to 1.41kg glass, 0.52kg to 0.68 plastic and 0.89kg to 1.20kg cans. The average percentage composition of wastes ranges from 10% paper to 45% putrescibles. From the analysis, there is a low level of household awareness about the preparedness of household waste sorting at source, and hence low level of participation in household waste sorting, disposal and recycling. The study also concludes the need for strengthening the relationship of proper waste management framework...
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...Construction is an activity that during its development generates a significant impact due to its high demand for natural resources and its high levels of waste production. Waste residues tend to be inert residues mainly constituted by concrete, pavements, gravel, sand and soil. Recycling and reusing these wastes generates a more efficient and green construction, therefore it is important to find a way to recycle these residues in concrete mixtures without affecting the essential properties of concrete. By performing the compressive test in different concrete mixtures that contained different amounts of recycled aggregates from old concretes (20% and 30%), showed that the resistance of the concretes wasn’t significantly affected; less than 2% of the resistance was lost, compared to a concrete mixture that did not have recycled aggregates. Furthermore, when performing the same test to concrete mixtures containing 20%, 30% and 40% of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition (C&D) waste, results showed that up to 25% of its resistance was lost. Therefore, by using either kind of recycled aggregates, up to 30% in a concrete mixture, one is producing a more viable concrete that is not only more economic, but also produces less contamination, enabling the industry to mitigate the environmental impact produced by this industry. Green concretes is an alternative and competitive market that can be created through the acknowledgment that construction and demolition wastes...
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..... ..... :. s~: ... - Public Disclosure Authorized a ........ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~. ................. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .... - ........ ........... _ - Public Disclosure Authorized .... .... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.... -,// ... ..... ...... 1 I ... . .... .. ..... I 9~~~~~~~... . . .. .. .. . .. A ~~ ~~~~...... Public Disclosure Authorized ..... The WorldBankis committed knowledgesharingwhichinvolvesnot only the Bank's to communities practiceand their partners,but the entire development of community. processof A knowledge management essentialto makesense out of and act upon the vast quantitiesof is information available today.Still in the earlystagesof implementation, knowledge management is expectedto changethe internaloperationof the WorldBankand transformthe organization's relationships with externalclients,partnersand stakeholders, becominga key way of doing businessin the 21stCentury. Giventhe speedof globalchangeand the value of learningfromongoingactivities, Urban the Development Divisionand GlobalUrbanPartnership the WorldBankare committed of to communicating resultsof the Bank'surbanworkto the development the communityas quickly and clearlyas possible. Towardthat end, this informalor 'gray paper'series is publishedin print, with abstracts furnishedon-lineat www.worldbank.org. The Urbanand LocalGovernment WorkingPapersSeriespresentscurrentresearch...
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...Egypt is home to the largest Middle Eastern population and is also the home of a large young population. With this significant young and skilled labor workforce, and high GDP growth potential, Egypt appears to have substantial opportunities for businesses. But with current political revolution and the resignation of President Hosni Mubarak, how will Egypt’s economy be affected, and how should businesses respond? What industries and businesses are best to invest in? Section 1: Business Opportunities Although Egypt has a stable currency, low external debt, and a stable banking sector, the political instability and corruption from the past has hurt the current Egyptian economy. According to the Associated Press, “About 40 percent of Egypt's population of 80 million people lives on or below the World Bank's 2 dollars per day poverty benchmark. Corruption is rife and Egyptians have accused Mubarak's business friends and fellow power brokers of robbing the country blind for years through the privatization process, sweetheart business deals, cut-rate prices for state lands and other kickbacks that came with the trappings of power (What the Future Holds for the Egyptian Economy). Certain industries, in particular tourism, have been beaten by the affects of protests as foreigners fled the country. But, with Mubarak’s resignation, “businesses and consumers” should be convinced “that the turmoil of the past few years is over and that it is once again safe to invest, spend, hire and...
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...the manner in which you dispose waste? For individuals, Hong Kong people have many wasteful habits. Plastic bags, expanded-polystyrene lunchboxes and over-packaged products are commonly used. A recycling programme that provides recycling bins has also been running in schools since 2000 to enhance students' understanding of the importance of conserving resources and separating waste. The increase in the volume of recyclables collected over the years proves the success of the programme in turning students' awareness into action. Overall speaking, Hong Kong has an imminent waste problem. At present, we rely solely on our landfills to dispose of our waste. 40% of our waste are for recycling. We must address the waste problem in a holistic manner. This Policy Framework sets out a comprehensive strategy consisting of a series of tried and proven policy tools and measures to tackle our waste problem head on and achieve the following targets: |Target 1: |To reduce the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in Hong Kong by 1% per annum up to the year 2014. | |Target 2: |To increase the overall recovery rate of MSW to 45% by 2009 and 50% by 2014. | |Target 3: |To reduce the total MSW disposed of in landfills to less than 25% by 2014. | Tackling the Problem at Source Waste avoidance and minimization are...
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...DEVELOPING INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN TRAINING MANUAL Volume 4: ISWM Plan U N I T E D N AT I O N S E N V I R O N M E N T P R O G R A M M E Copyright © United Nations Environment Programme, 2009 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. Developing Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan Training Manual Volume 4 ISWM Plan Compiled by United Nations Environmental Programme Division of Technology, Industry and Economics International Environmental...
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