...TOPIC: ORAL CONTRACEPTION RESEARCH QUESTION: SHOULD HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS BE ALLOWED TO HAVE ORAL CONTRACEPTION WITHOUT PARENTAL CONSENT? America, titled the greatest country in the world is crawling in so much debt and we the people can not only see it around us but we feel it in our homes and our pockets. 'On 13 December 2012, debt held by the public was approximately $11.579 trillion or about 73% of GDP. Intra-governmental holdings stood at $4.791 trillion, giving a combined total public debt of $16.370 trillion the highest amount of debt we have ever grossed since the beginning of U.S history'.(Wikipedia. (2012). United States public debt. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_public_debt). But in 2008 alone we spent about 11 billion dollars on teenage pregnancies. THESIS STATEMENT: RESEARCH SUGGEST THAT HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO HAVE ORAL CONTRACPETION WITHOUT PARENTAL CONSENT BECAUSE THIS WILL HELP REDUCE THE OCCURANCE AND RISK ASSOCIATED WITH TEEN PREGNANCY AND ABORTION AND REDUCE THE FINANCIAL BURDEN ON TAX PAYERS. MAIN POINTS: Easier access to to oral contraception will reduce the occurrence of unwanted and unplanned pregnancies and abortions and...
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...Ten Disadvantages of Contraception* 1.Separates sex from LIFE 2.Fuels the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs/ STIs)a 3.Cheapens women (and men) 4.Some methods can cause early abortion 5.Promotes promiscuity 6.Is costly and unhealthy 7.Damages romance 8.Unleases the sex drive 9.Undermines love, marriage, family and society 10 Damages the human heart and the Whole Person: emotionally, socially, intellectually, physically, and morally/spiritually (that is, your inner-most being) * Contraception is anything done before, during, or after intercourse to try to prevent (stop) fertilization (which would make a baby). [from Womanity, 1994] Device Failure One disadvantage of contraception is that the devices used to prevent pregnancy can sometimes fail either by manufacturer error or by the user not following the directions properly. For example, condoms can break if they are past their use dates or if user errors, such as using petroleum jelly as a lubricant or wearing two condoms at once, occur. The birth control pill becomes less effective when you miss a pill or do not take them as prescribed. Allergic Reaction Some forms of contraception can cause severe allergic reactions, making them dangerous for some consumers. For example, many condoms are made from rubber latex, which can cause swelling, rashes or even anaphylaxis when they come into contact with someone who is allergic to the material. To combat these reactions, condoms now are available...
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...According to St. John Paul II, “the powerful of the Earth are hunted by the current demographic growth of the developing world.” In order to counteract this rapid growth, the most powerful countries on the earth, have begun to promote, and impose contraception policies on these developing nations. Developed nations, have seemingly lost all respect for the dignity of the human person, born or unborn, by promoting and imposing such horrific population control “solutions.” The Catholic Church has seaslessly condemned the efforts by developed nations, such as the United States, to promote population control, through contraception, sterilization, and abortion, throughout the most poverty stricken nations of the world, on the grounds of these programs...
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...Daniela Lopez David Sullivan Medical ethics 19 May 2014 Ethical aspects in contraception: When trying to focus on the ethical aspects of the use of contraceptive methods we must consider that the use of these depends on agreement to personal freedom and autonomy. We have to realize that we are trying to get through this topic we are in between the depths of the human being where on one side is the union of a man and a woman attracted toward each other by the sexual instinct which is natural and primary, is what we call the unitive aspect of the sexual act. On the other hand is something equally grandiose in the given the creation of a new life called fecundation aspect of the sexual act. These aspects influence the intimate moment in which a couple has to make the decision to use a contraceptive or not. Women’s and couples may have different and personal reasons to use them. Each of those reasons have driven the development of the modern contraceptive technology, which can be used for everyone. The use or not of these contraceptive methods should be respected, as the rights of persons or human rights. The woman may decide the time of pregnancy and the number of the same, separating the sexual aspects of the generative or fecundation and, so as not to lose the enjoyment of sexuality, but at the same time do not have the disadvantage of a pregnancy that would interfere in their quality of life according to their personal goals. The advances...
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...Contaception in Judaism GeorgetownUniversity Theology 3400 Dr. Hubert Dimwiddie Contraception in Judaism Overview Unlike many other religions, Jewish Law is not completely against the idea of contraception. Because there is nothing specifically in the Bible about contraception or birth control, Jewish Law does not condone the act in some instances. However, that is an important distinction. There are some circumstances that contraception is not allowed in Jewish Law while there are other circumstances in which it is acceptable. The circumstances play a large part in figuring out whether or not contraception is allowed in a certain scenario. While there are many cases where contraception is allowed or is not allowed, which we will delve into in further detail later on, Jewish Law favors contraception over abortion. Abortion is also allowed in certain cases, but in all cases, contraception is preferred over abortion. The rationale behind this idea is that in abortion, the fertilized egg is being destroyed, while in contraception, the egg is simply being prevented from being fertilized. Contraception is viewed as a much better alternative to abortion for that reason; the fertilized egg is never affected. While the distinction about when contraception is allowed is mostly situational, there are specific types of women who are considered better candidates to use birth control than other types of women. Types of Women allowed to use mokh There are three specific...
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...A MINI-RESEARCH PROJECT ON THE KNOWLEDGE AND USE OF CONTRACEPTIVES AMONG NIGERIAN UNDERGRADUATES: A CASE STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR WRITTEN BY BASSEY, RACHEAL EFFIONG MATRIC NO.: 10/55011 DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR CALABAR SUBMITTED TO PROF. (MRS.) E. N. NWAGBARA (COURSE LECTURER) DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR CALABAR IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE COURSE REQUIREMENT: (SOC 3102) METHODS OF SOCIAL RESEARCH II APRIL, 2014 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this mini-research project was carried out by Bassey, Racheal Effiong with Matric No.: 10/55011 of the Department Of Sociology, University of Calabar, Calabar. Under the supervision of Prof. Nwagbara E. N. DEDICATION This project is dedicated to the Almighty God who has been my strength and guide throughout this research study. DECLARATION I, Bassey, Racheal Effiong with Matric Number: 10/55011 hereby declare that this research on “The knowledge and use of contraceptives among Nigeria undergraduate” is an original work written by me under the supervision of Prof. (Mrs.) Nwagbara, E. N. in the Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to tender my unreserved appreciation to my heavenly father who has kept me and helped me through this endeavours. My sincere appreciation to my wonderful Lecturer Dr. (Mrs.) Nwagbara who has made it possible for this research...
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...Currently, the topic of birth control and other forms of contraception used by women is a hot topic among the common people and politicians alike. Its use and coverage for women by insurance and employers has been an immensely controversial point of interest for many people. More than 99% of women aged 15–44 who have ever had sexual intercourse have used at least one contraceptive method, making it something that affects almost all women ("Contraceptive Use in the United States"). Like with any tendentious issue, there are two, or sometimes even more, opposing sides all fighting for their opinion to be the one that wins; however, most people choose the side that birth control and contraceptives should not be covered by employers and insurance companies simply because they are greatly misinformed on the subject. Due to the many beneficial effects that they offer their users, all forms of contraceptives should be covered by all employers and insurance companies. One of the most recent issues involving employers denying their female employees the coverage of contraceptives is the case of Burwell vs. Hobby Lobby. The Affordable Care Act requires that employer health plans include coverage for preventive services and the federal government has issued regulations defining contraceptive care as one of the services that must be covered. The plaintiffs in these consolidated cases are two for-profit business corporations that sought, and were awarded, an exemption from that general rule...
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...Not all contraceptive methods are appropriate for all situations, and the most appropriate method of birth control depends on a woman's overall health, age, frequency of sexual activity, number of sexual partners, desire to have children in the future, and family history of certain diseases. Individuals should consult their health care providers to determine which method of birth control is best for them. Some types carry serious risks, although those risks are elevated with pregnancy and may be higher than the risks associated with the various methods. The different methods of contraception include:1,2 Barrier methods Hormonal methods Emergency contraception Intrauterine methods Sterilization Barrier Methods Designed to prevent sperm from entering the uterus, barrier methods are removable and may be an option for women who cannot use hormonal methods of contraception. Types of barrier methods include: Male condoms. This condom is a thin sheath that covers the penis to collect sperm and prevent it from entering the woman's body. Male condoms are generally made of latex or polyurethane, but a natural alternative is lambskin (made from the intestinal membrane of lambs). Latex or polyurethane condoms reduce the risk of spreading sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Lambskin condoms do not prevent STDs. Male condoms are disposable after a single use. Female condoms. These are thin, flexible plastic pouches. A portion of the condom is inserted into a woman's vagina...
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...Contraception’s PSY/265 Professor Rosa Federico-Ochoa April 13, 2014 Contraception Tina and Dan are considering various birth control methods. They are a newly married couple who practiced abstinence before marriage and plan on starting their family within a year. Choose possible methods of contraception for the couple and discuss the advantages and disadvantages they would need to consider at this point in their lives. With Tina and Dan there are many methods that they can use for birth control. I do not really think if they want to start a family within a year that birth control pills would be a wise choice. As once you start taking the pill you will have to be off of them for so long to get them out of your system to conceive. One of the methods they could use would be the diaphragm. This is a shallow cup or dome made of rubber that should be used with a spermicide. This is inserted by the women and taken out by the women so she can stop using it any time she want’s to become pregnant and there would be no wait time. The advantage with this is there is no wait time on getting pregnant and it can be used as needed. Some of the disadvantages would be the failure rate is has with pregnancy or the problem of having to insert it before intercourse which could kill the mood. Then you have the contraceptive sponge which is similar to the diaphragm as it is inserted and does not make a person wait to become pregnant. The disadvantages would be that 1 in 20 that...
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...Jennifer Chadwick PSY-225 Human Sexuality 11-Jul-2011 (0101) 08/21/2011 Teen Pregnancy Prevention Plan and Contraception Program A teen pregnancy prevention plan needs to address topics to educate teenagers about sex, and teach them ways to prevent unwanted teen pregnancy. An effective teen pregnancy prevention plan should focus on teaching about both abstinence and contraception (Frost & Forest 1995). The plan should also be developmentally appropriate so that everything that is presented to the audience is understandable and relatable (Girls Incorporated 1991). The primary audience will be teens ages 12-18. Knowledgeable and educated individuals (such as medical professionals and youth counselors) will be surveyed to determine teenage pregnancy trends in the community, and they will also be appointed to speak to teenagers about sexual issues and contraception use and options. Workshops and classes at local community centers and schools will focus on relationships, feelings that occur within these relationships. It is typical for young children and teens alike to have questions regarding sex (Crooks 2010). Along with encouraging questions about sexual intercourse and methods of birth control, allowing them to have open and honest conversations is important. It is shown that parents can be the greatest communicators of sex, and young people usually prefer to be able to talk to their mothers and fathers about sex (Hutchinson & Cooney, 1998). Parental involvement...
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...Women's Health The purpose of this paper is to provide information on health and a particular health policy by researching the internet. The writer of this paper has chosen the topic Women’s Health, with special interest in Emergency Contraception. The writer will explain some of the challenges women face in the health care industry and provide details on emergency contraception. Lastly, the writer will identify the stakeholders that are affected by this topic. One of the major consumers in the health care industry are women. Women play major roles in health care. Women are often the decision makers for their family when it relates to health. Compared to men, women have greater needs within the health care system. Women also have to face the challenges of child birth and all the health concerns that may be associated with giving birth. In addition, women face challenges of being the head-of-household, single mothers, and financial decision makers. The choice of becoming pregnant is a decision women of all ages are making daily. In cases where birth control has failed or protection is not used Emergency Contraception is available. Emergency contraception (EC)-- also known as the “morning after pill,” is a form of contraception that can be used shortly after sexual intercourse to prevent unintended pregnancy(Kaiser, 2010). EC is not intended to be used as a regular form of birth control. EC is a pill that is used to prevent unwanted pregnancy before it happens rather than later...
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...Why This Legislation should not be supported Why This Legislation should not be supported Medical Standpoint- This topic is not widely spoken about, but seriously needs to be addressed, due to these important facts. Contraceptives are not affordable to all citizens of the United States, and without the support from congress there may be downward spiral affect that may cause a lot of issues in the near future. The medical standpoint is based on two topics contraception and abortion. Abortion is an option, not a solution. Abortion far exceeds the cost of normal contraceptives; little do people know is that abortion is an option of contraception. However, not everyone can afford a legal abortion so a second rate doctor with no medical degree may be the only option. Illegal abortion is a major issue in the United States, and can cause many issues including medical abortion related deaths of the mother, child or both. Because of the lack of medical facilities and proper medicine there are other abortion medical complications that may take place if a second rate doctor performs a delivery such as: hepatitis, AIDS and birth defects. The pros of this legislative action include the following statements. A contraceptive is a tool which is used to prevent unwanted pregnancies. In the 1920’s during the great depression, controlling unwanted pregnancies’ was critical, just as it is today with the economic issues which we are currently facing. A contraceptive helps make menstrual periods...
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...Should parents provide their teens with birth control? Pros Helps decrease the amount of teen pregnancies each year in the United States. Access to birth control can help decrease the abortion rate in the United States. Allowing birth control displays a level of responsibility for your teen (Demand Media, Inc., 1999-2012). Cuts the risk of ovarian and uterine cancer by half (Demand Media, Inc., 1999-2012). The most popular method of contraception among teens is the birth control pill (Demand Media, Inc., 1999-2012). Free birth control allows teens who may not have been able to afford it to access it, this may not always be because a teen wants to be sexually active it could also help control their menstrual cycle especially if a doctor has prescribed it but they could not afford it (Word Press, 2011). If this whole process is done right and communicated well when talking about birth control or sex, it could lead to more sexually educated kids, which is never a bad thing because they will then know enough to make safer sexual decisions (Word Press, 2011). Cons The teen’s parents typically end up taking responsibly for the baby (Demand Media, Inc., 1999-2012). The teen may feel supported in the quest for sexual freedom if allowed birth control (Demand Media, Inc., 1999-2012). Birth control does not prevent STD’s and only prevents against pregnancy. STD’s can still...
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...All women and men should have control over if and when they become parents. Making decisions about birth control, or contraception is not easy - there are many things to think about. Learning about birth control methods you or your partner can use to prevent pregnancy and talking with your health care provider are two good ways to get started. There is no "best" method of birth control. Each method has its own pros and cons. Some methods work better than others do at preventing pregnancy. The birth control method you choose should take into account: your overall health, how often you have sex, the number of sexual partners you have, if you want to have children, how well each method works, any potential side effects, and your comfort level with using the method. Let’s take a look at Contraceptive Pill. It was invented in 1960 and led to a revolution in the history of contraception by enabling women to control their menstrual cycle. Some fifty years later, after many new inventions were added to the list of contraception methods, the pill remains the main form of female contraception. The advantages of using the Pill is that: It’s very effective against pregnancy if used correctly, menstrual periods are more regular and lighter, it decreases menstrual cramps and acne, you are less likely to get ovarian and uterine cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cysts, and anemia. And it doesn’t interrupt lovemaking. The disadvantages of using the Pill are the cost or...
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...on fertility," said James Bradner of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and lead author of the study.A male birth control pill has been difficult to come by, in large part because of the challenge of getting any drug across the blood:testis barrier, where it can reach the sperm-generating cells. That lack of contraceptive alternatives for men is partially responsible for the high rate of unplanned pregnancies. Despite the unsatisfactory options for male contraception, nearly one-third of couples rely on male-directed birth control methods.Known as JQ1, the new compound developed in the Bradner lab works by targeting a testis-specific protein called BRDT that is essential for fertility. When mice are given the BRDT-inhibiting molecule, they begin producing fewer sperm and those sperm they do produce don't swim as well."This is a good reason to get excited about low sperm counts," said Martin Matzuk of Baylor College of Medicine, another author of the report.Mating studies confirm that JQ1 indeed works as an effective contraception. Even better, those effects are completely reversible and without adverse consequences for the animals' testosterone levels or behavior. The small molecule also comes without any apparent side effects on the males' future...
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