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Country and Culture

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Country and Culture Assignment (South Korea) City University

Ivan Wong

BSM 404

My name is Ivan Wong and I come from Indonesia. In this article, I will write a review and comparison between 2 countries; those are Indonesia and South Korea. Republic of Indonesia with a motto of ‘Bhinneka Tunggal Ika’ (Unity in Diversity) is a sovereign country located in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia stands in latitudes 11°S and 6°N, and longitudes 95°E and 141°E. It consists of 34 provinces and 17,508 islands (approximately around 6000 islands are inhabited). Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia or also known as ‘Special Capital Region of Jakarta’ and it is located in Java Island. Rainfall is the main variable of Indonesia’s climate and it has mostly tropical climate. Temperatures in Indonesia are listed as; coastal plains averaging 28 degree Celsius, inland and mountains averaging 26 degree Celsius, and higher mountain regions averaging 23 degree Celsius. There are only 2 seasons in Indonesia, dry season (June to September) and rainy season (December to March). Indonesia is one of those countries that using presidential system, the country is lead by president and vice president. President of Indonesia is the head of state, head of government, commander in chief, director of domestic governance, policy making, and foreign affairs. The president usually chosen by citizens through presidential election which first was held in 2004, before president was elected by The Supreme Court (country’s highest court). He/ she will serve the country for five years term and can only become president with maximum amount of 2 times. Population in Indonesia are estimated approximately over 252 million people with different race and ethnic. They are come from different islands and provinces that include Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. Each of these provinces has their own legislature and governor. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is the primary indicators used to gauge the health of a country’s economy. Indonesia has the largest economy in Southeast Asia because it has mixed economy between private sectors and government. In 2014, Indonesia’s GDP (nominal) total estimated around US$856.066 billion, which is rank 17th in the world and per capita is estimated around US$3,509.824, rank 120th in the world. GDP (PPP) total in 2014 is estimated around US$2.554 trillion; rank 9th in the world and per capita is around US$10,157, rank 102nd in the world.
South Korea is a republic country located in East Asia with population more than 50 million people according to 2014 census data. Korea’s geographic location lies between latitudes 33° and 39°N, and longitudes 124° and 130°E including all the islands. Seoul is the capital city of South Korea and over 25 million of Korea’s residents live there, which makes it the second largest city in the world. Climate in South Korea tend to be humid continental and humid subtropical which affected by the East Asian monsoon with precipitation heavier in summer during short rainy season that begins end of June and ends at the end of July. Unlike Indonesia, South Korea has 4 seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter). Spring start from late March and end early May, summer goes from mid May to early September, autumn begin in mid September end in early November, and winter starts from mid November to mid March. During winter, the weather can be extremely cold. In Seoul, the average temperature in January is -7 to 1 degree Celsius (19-34 F) and in August, the temperature range is 22 to 30 degree Celsius (72-86 F). These temperatures can be varies depending which part of South Korea you are live in. South Korea is similar with Indonesia; it is using a presidential system where the country is lead by president. The difference is, there are no vice president involve in the law system. Under president, South Korea has prime minister who acts as a vice president. South Korea’s nominal GDP in 2014 estimated around $1.449 trillion in total (13th in the world) and $28,739 per capita (29th in the world). It’s PPP GDP in 2014 is estimated around $1.790 trillion in total (13th in the world) and $35,485 per capita (29th in the world). According to its geopolitical position, Korea has become a bridge for cultural exchanges and trade between the neighbor countries because it is located between China and Japan. By looking at Korea’s strategic location, it have greater chance for doing international trading with China who has the largest market in the world and also Japan the world’s 2nd biggest economy. Korea has appeared very fast as one of the world’s leading ICT (Information and Communication Technology) powerhouses. The excellence of Korea’s telecommunications infrastructure has made Internet use and maintenance easily affordable; also, Korea has the fastest Internet connection speed among other countries, which makes it better for business to grow in the country. According to IMD 2003, Korea is ranked 8th largest in the world for investor in research and development. Annual R&D investment has increased steadily since 1997 and in 2005, the investment was at $24.1 billion or 2.99% of GDP close to the highest level in the world. Korea’s fast response with latest products and services has made this country an ideal test bend and many global companies are taking advantage of this to utilize Korea’s leading infrastructure and dynamic market. Korea’s economy has been impressively growing for the past four decade where Korea has rank 13th largest economy and trading partner in the world. Along with the reshaped of Korea’s industry, it bring good impacts to major industries such as automobiles, petrochemicals, electronics, shipbuilding, textiles, and steel products. By applying lessons from centuries of development in the West, Korea was able to make a similar transformation from an agricultural to manufacturing and on to a service-centered economy in just 50 years of time. Korea’s semiconductor industry has been remarkably growing in the past 20 years and ranked 1st in the world in terms of total production. Major exports in Korea include automobile, wireless communication devices, semiconductor, petroleum products, ship structure and parts, liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and Major imports are oil, semiconductor, petroleum products, steel, and semiconductor manufacture equipment. Since 1998, Korea has become the largest D-RAM producer in the world and appears to be the world’s largest manufacturer in memory semiconductor production where D-RAM constitutes a major portion. South Korea and Indonesia are two very different countries where in Indonesia most of productions are on natural resources but in South Korea it produces mostly electronic equipments. I think, South Korea have better growth in economic because the production costs are much higher. Business people should consider all the chances, aspects, and laws if they are about to start business in Korea because the economic have been growing and better it will be not an easy chance to do business there.

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