...University of Pennsylvania, Clarion, Pennsylvania FINANCIAL LITERACY AND FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING CAPACITY: THE GENDER BALANCE ISSUE Ebiringa, O. T. and Okorafor, E.O. Department of Management Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria ABSTRACT This paper investigates the extent to which age, level of education, nature of work and experience affects the financial literacy levels of Master of Business Administration students of Federal University of Technology, Owerri Nigeria. It equally assesses the extent to which gender difference discriminates in financial decision making, as there seems to be inconclusive notion that female students are better at financial decision making than their male counterpart. Students who took a three credit hours course in Financial Economics during the 2009/2010 academic session as well as participated in a financial literacy capacity program jointly organized by GTBank Plc and SIFE a part of the continuous assessment for the course constituted the study population. Quota and simple random sampling was adopted in the selection of 165 respondents whose responses provided the primary data used for analysis. Correlation coefficients and linear regression tools were adopted for analysis. The conclusion of the study based on results obtained is that gender difference though having inverse correlation with financial literacy level is not a significant predictor of financial literacy level, implying that there is no valid evidence to substantiate...
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...A STUDY ON TRAINING AND MICRO CREDIT PROGRAM OF CENTER FOR WOMEN’S RIGHT AND DEVELOPMENT Submitted By: A fieldwork report Submitted to: Shanker Dev Campus Tribhuvan University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business Studies Ramshahpath, Putalisadak, Kathmandu June, 2006 Faculty of Management TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY RECOMMENDATION This is to certify that the fieldwork assignment report Submitted by: Entitled A Study on Training and micro credit and development Program of Center for women right and development Has been prepared as approved by this department. This fieldwork assignment report is forwarded for examination. Supervisor Date… Head of the Dept Shanker Dev Campus ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS While preparing this Fieldwork Report of Centre for women’s Right and Development on Training and Micro credit Programme. I received the kind assistance of many people, most of whom are directly involved in micro credit & Savings program within CWRD and also the borrowers. The names of those whose knowledge helped shape this report writing are...
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...Academic Component Literacy is at the heart of basic education for all, and essential for eradicating poverty, reducing child mortality, curbing population growth, achieving equality and ensuring sustainable development, peace and democracy." (UNESCO, 2010) The main function of Literacy is to help people develop academically to be able succeed and communicate in everyday life, however for children with Special Educational Needs their literacy skills develop at a slower pace and they require extra help and support to develop these skills. In this piece I am going to look at what provisions can be made in the classroom that will support and help further develop the literacy skills of children with Special Educational Needs. As of 1998 many primary school teachers followed a technique proposed by the central government called The National Literacy Strategy or ‘Literacy Hour’ as it was commonly known. Literacy Hour required teachers to teach at least one hour of Literacy and one hour of numeracy every day, however in June 2009 it was announced that from 2011 Literacy Hour was no longer a requirement which gave teachers the freedom to teach Literacy how they saw appropriate. (Fisher, 2001). At first the Literacy Hour initiative came under as many people felt that it was not long enough as Literacy is such an important factor of life however it did become successful and many primary teachers still use the technique today (Fisher, 2001). However now that teachers now have freedom...
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...Visual Literacy visual-literacy What is visual literacy? Visual literacy is something you make up, something you can imagine in your mind and put that imagination to paper. Visual literacy is information we can interpret from visual images such as presentations (or PowerPoint), pictures such as art, graffiti, collages, etc. As you can see above the image I’ve posted about visual literacy is only one of many types of examples of visual literacy. This is to make meaning of the information we see within the pictures that are the text base that are on the image. Learning to read visual images can help you both in your work and life, it makes it easier for us to know what is being said and done in an image. Visual Literacy can also represent your own company for example an advert you want to make to help sell a brand new product your company is hosting, you will use people, pictures and other ways to credit the product We need to learn how to identify, read, and understand images to become literate in visual language in order for us to communicate successfully. I recently came across a website called Wikipedia that said this about visual literacy ” Visual Literacy is not limited to modern mass media and new technologies” I wondered for hours why they said that, and came to this conclusion Visual Literacy isn’t something that is taken away but is taken by the imagination of people on how to communicate in many different ways whether they’re able to speak or not, visual...
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...A Study of Middle Grades Students’ Reading Interests, Habits, and Achievement Nichole Lynnette Smith A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Education in the School of Education. Chapel Hill 2009 Approved By: Dr. Barbara Day Dr. Frank Brown Dr. Sandra Hughes-Hassell Dr. Teresa Petty Dr. Xue Lan Rong i © 2009 Nichole Lynnette Smith ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Nichole Lynnette Smith: A Study of Middle Grades Students’ Reading Interests, Habits, and Achievement (Under the direction of Dr. Barbara Day, Advisor) Reading has become an area of concern among the American culture in the past decade. The amount of time the American public spends reading is declining quickly, and its most frequent drop has been among its youngest readers, elementary school students (National Endowment for the Arts, 2004). McKool’s (2007) research has found that there is a “strong relationship between the amount of out-of-school reading a student engages in and his or her success in school” (p. 111). It has also been found that students’ academic levels do not remain the same with no growth, but their academic levels actually drop if they do not read in their free time (Hughes- Hassell & Lutz, 2006). The current literature focuses on younger students, especially those in elementary school. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential differences of what influences...
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...Public Disclosure Authorized WPS6107 Policy Research Working Paper 6107 Public Disclosure Authorized Financial Literacy around the World An Overview of the Evidence with Practical Suggestions for the Way Forward Lisa Xu Bilal Zia Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank Development Research Group Finance and Private Sector Development Team June 2012 Policy Research Working Paper 6107 Abstract Financial literacy programs are fast becoming a key ingredient in financial policy reform worldwide. Yet, what is financial literacy exactly and what do we know of its effectiveness? This paper collects insights from the literature thus far and summarizes global evidence on financial literacy, its correlates, and existing and upcoming causal investigations. The authors conclude with a synthesis of policy advice and practical suggestions for the way forward in this fast growing area of research. This paper is a product of the Finance and Private Sector Development Team, Development Research Group. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions around the world. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at http://econ.worldbank.org. The author may be contacted at bzia@worldbank.org. The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development...
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...English-E11-12 7/27/07 2:24 PM Page 1 Ministry of Education The Ontario Curriculum Grades 11 and 12 English Printed on recycled paper 07-003 ISBN 978-1-4249-4741-6 (Print) ISBN 978-1-4249-4742-3 (PDF) ISBN 978-1-4249-4743-0 (TXT) © Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2007 2007 REVISED CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 Secondary Schools for the Twenty-first Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Importance of Literacy, Language, and the English Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Principles Underlying the English Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roles and Responsibilities in English Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . THE PROGRAM IN ENGLISH 3 3 4 5 9 Overview of the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Curriculum Expectations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Strands in the English Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT Basic Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...improve and develop the learner’s literacy skills. Methods of analysis includes examining the needs from relevant stakeholders and the outcomes from a community of inquiry. Results of the research and feedback demonstrated that although students may possess English GCSE qualifications the business community and bodies such as OFSTED highlight that the level of literacy amongst today’s school leavers was not adequate in terms of the functional skill. The report highlights the importance of increasing student’s level of literacy and functional skills. There are areas specifically in terms of cross-curricular activities that could be further explored. The report recommends the creation of a learning tool in the form of a booklet to enable students to develop and improve their literacy skills within the business curriculum and thus the functional skill. Once the initial proposal was agreed in order to maintain focus throughout the project, SMART objectives were established and addressed, a time plan was created and the personal tutor was involved during the project (Refer to Appendix 1). Introduction ‘Literacy is a fundamental human right and the foundation of lifelong learning. It is fully essential to social and human development in its ability to transform lives. For individuals, families, and societies alike, it is an instrument of empowerment to improve one’s health, one’s income, and one’s relationship with the world.’ (UNESCO) Literacy skills has never been more important...
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...months during the year and about 70-75% of the water does not meet the standard prescribed by WHO. Poor quality drinking water is adversely affecting the health and diarrhea is an important cause of infant mortality. Traditional Indian communities being male dominated, women have been suppressed till recently. While the average literacy rate in rural areas is around 50-65%, it is as low as 20-25% among women in backward areas. Education of girls was felt to be unnecessary in the past and this has seriously affected their quality of life. Illiteracy has also suppressed their development due to lack of communication with the outside world. They are slow in adopting new practices, which are essential with the changing times. Apart from lack of communication, social taboo has also hindered their progress. Several vested interests, both local and outsiders have exploited this situation. The rich landlords did not want any infrastructure development, which would benefit the poor, because of the fear that they would not get cheap labour to work on their farms. The local moneylenders did not want alternate financial institutions to provide cheaper credit needed by the poor. The traditional healers canvassed against modern medicine under the garb of religion and divine power. Thus, the poor continued to live in the clutches of the powerful, accepting it as their destiny. They avoided confrontation and preferred to live a voiceless and suppressed life. Tolerating the worst and hoping...
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...Fishing Community The fisheries sector plays an important role in food consumption, nutrition, employment and export. The sector contributes more than 5% of Bangladesh's GDP and 9% of its export earnings and it employs 1.4 million people. From time immemorial, a large number of Bengali people have depended for their livelihood on fishing and related occupations. Fishermen in rural Bangladesh usually live a community life in neighbourhoods or villages around the water bodies. They cooperate closely with one another not only in fishing, or in the cooperative utilisation of fishing grounds, but also in economic activities, such as marketing and purchasing, and in social life and family affairs. They have lived communally for many generations, creating in the process their own history, distinct traditions, and patterns of daily life. Traditionally, fishermen have been Hindus. After analysing the report on the CENSUS of 1872, WW HUNTER had concluded that Muslims clung closer to the land and did not follow any trade in sowing or harvesting seasons to supplement their income. But like Hindus, they worked as fishermen, boatmen, or house builders during seasons when their labour in the field was not required. For Hindus, fishing has a traditional link with the caste system and is hereditary. Hindu fishermen believe their occupation to be sacred, although in the cast hierarchy, the fishermen are ranked the lowest of all occupational groups. But fishing is hardly a hereditary or a sacred...
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...foundation for continued growth throughout their careers, as well as in their roles as informed citizens and members of communities. Information literacy is a key component of, and contributor to, lifelong learning. Information literacy competency extends learning beyond formal classroom settings and provides practice with self-directed investigations as individuals move into internships, first professional positions, and increasing responsibilities in all arenas of life. Because information literacy augments students’ competency with evaluating, managing, and using information, it is now considered by several regional and discipline-based accreditation associations as a key outcome for college students. 3 For students not on traditional campuses, information resources are often available through networks and other channels, and distributed learning technologies permit teaching and learning to occur when the teacher and the student are not in the same place at the same time. The challenge for those promoting information literacy in distance education courses is to develop a comparable range of experiences in learning about information resources as are offered on traditional campuses. Information literacy competencies for distance learning students should be comparable to those for "on campus" students. Incorporating information literacy across curricula, in all programs and services, and throughout the administrative life of the university, requires the collaborative efforts of...
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...2.0 Defination Read phonetically Dictionary - View detailed dictionary Government Transformation Programme (GTP) is the blueprint in Malaysia and designed to provide all Malaysians access to improved public services irrespective of race, religion and region. GTP was devised in accordance with the principles of 1Malaysia, People First, Performance Now. 3.0 Objective 1. To transform the Government to be more effective in it delivery of services and accountable for outcomes that matter most to the rakyat. 2. To move Malaysia forward to become an advanced, united, and just society with high standards of living for all. This is in line with the national mission of achieving Vision 2020 – for Malaysia to become a fully developed nation. 4.0 Strategy Dato Seri Najib Tun Razak (Prime Minister of Malaysia) introduced a series of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in order to measure and improve the efficiency and quality of government services as well as realizing the 1Malaysia concept. KPIs were implemented to ensure the public satisfaction which is they are satisfied or not about the government’s service and whether the government had solved their problems. Dato Seri Najib Tun Razak has identified six major policy areas in which KPIs will play an especially important role in improving the effectiveness of the Malaysian government. These are known as National Key Result Areas (NKRAs). Challenges within each area have been divided into...
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...Human Computer Interaction Contents 1:Human Computer Interaction .....................................................................................................1 2:User's Classification Based on Literacy .....................................................................................1 2.1:Functional Illiterate .....................................................................................................1 2.2:Absolute Illiterate .........................................................................................................1 3:Interfaces for Absolute Illiterate...................................................................................................2 3.1:Visual Aids..............................................................................................................2 3.2:Audible instructions. ...............................................................................................2 3.3:Easy Navigations.....................................................................................................2 3.4: Text Free User Interfaces. ......................................................................................2 3.5:Combination of Visual and Audible instruction......................................................3 4:Recent Works for Illiterate ..........................................................................................................3 4.1:SmartPhone Application for Farmers ....
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...discourage females at higher level. If education does not prevail, the problems of Pakistan will reach at a stage which will make this country very vulnerable. Statically, Pakistan has made reasonable march since independence in many fields including education. Less than one million students were enrolled in schools at the time of independence, and, astonishingly, 12 million school- age children are enrolled. But more than 12 million children are doing job, putting their lives in danger and missing quality education. As a matter of fact, full enrollment at primary education is still not a reality, but a dream. The recent census tallies in China and India show that Pakistan is substantially behind the two large Asian nations. China's literacy rate is near 90% and India has reached 65%. Pakistanis around 50 %, this means we need to do better. Moreover, it's a moment of shame for us, because we have lesser population and are not as huge as China and India .If we look provincially on...
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...Week 4 Assignment Sandra Kemp INF 103 Theodore Fekete Augusta 6, 2012 INTRODUCTION Computer Literacy Computer literacy is defined as the knowledge and ability to use a computer and related technology efficiently, with a range of skills covering levels from elementary use to programming and problem solving. Computer literacy can also refer to the comfort someone has with using the computer and other applications that are associated with the computer. Arthur Luehrmann was one of the first to popularize the term computer literacy, when in 1972, he realized the important role that it would play in the educational environment ( Moursund, 2003). Computers are everywhere, our home, work, and schools. When I think about it my nieces know how to use them better than I do. With everyone having access to a computer these days, you can’t help but wonder if everyone is playing nice. Cyber Bullying is a serious issue in today‘s school and business I think this problem can be solved if people are educated on Netiquette, when cyber bulling happens it is important to document and report the behavior so it can be addressed. Something else we need to think about is making sure our online students are not ‘’flaming each other in a way that can cause damage. Flaming, this is a term that describes an increasingly intense and vicious debates. One way to handle this problem is for instructors to monitor classroom discussion board, and if it appears that a discussion...
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