...Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….6 Reference list…………………………………………………………………………………….7 3 Critically compare and contrast community psychology with the public health approach Introduction In this essay, I will critically compare and contrast community psychology and the public health model in terms of their origins, core concepts, strengths and pitfalls of each approach, similarities and differences and in what way these approaches do or do not supplement one another. Community Psychology according to The Cambridge Dictionary of Psychology is defined as “a branch of applied psychology that focuses on person-environment interactions usually at the level of the community and is aimed at improving the general quality of life within a community” (Matsumoto, 2009). The Public Health model also consists of efforts to improve the health of communities and according to The Acheson Report, is defined as “the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organised efforts of society” (Department of health, 1998). History and core concepts Community psychology in South Africa followed a very close development likened to the American development and gained its momentum at a time where social disorder was present due to the lack of credible resources and treatment facilities. A shift in attention displayed the effects of social variables like “…poverty and alienation on mental health” (Butchart & Seedat, 1990). Mainstream psychology is challenged due its elitist...
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...Moosagie 44670540 UNISA Pyc4811 Assignment 1: Unique no: 805932 2016 2016 Write an essay in which you critically compare and contrast the community psychology and public health approaches to social problems. At first glance, there seems to be a fine line between community psychology and the public health approach, however on further examination it is more than semantics that separate these two principles. Both, community psychology and the public health approach, started as a result of the frustration of main stream psychology not being able to address broader social issues. The realisation that psychology needed to focus a great deal more on community and social change in order to address mental health and illness. Although community psychology and the public health approach seem to share the same intrinsic values, the focus of community psychology seems to be more aimed at the cultural and political aspect of social behaviour and outcomes, whereas the public health is focused more on health and prevention of diseases and self actualisation within the social context. “Whereas public health considers physical health and well-being as paramount to successful living and aims to reduce the individual's engagement in high-risk behaviour and dangerous environments, community psychology is more concerned with the social and political context of mental health” (S. Van Niekerk,2013) Treatment...
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...COMMUNITY AND HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY – PYC4811 PYC 4811 UNIQUE NO: 657794 Assignment 01 Critically compare and contrast the community psychology and public health approaches to social problems. Introduction to Community Psychology and Public health approach Community psychology is essentially concerned with the relationship between social systems and individual well-being in the community context. Public health refers to all organized measures to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life among the population as a whole. Its activities aim to provide conditions in which people can be healthy and focus on entire populations, not on individual patients or diseases. Thus public health and community psychology are both concerned with a population at large and not an individual alone. (http://www.who.int/trade/glossary/story076/en/). Both approaches have a shared belief that effective treatment should focus on preventative measures that address the causes and effects of diseases as opposed to curative measures which merely treat the incidences and symptoms. (Guernina, 1995). Characteristics of both approaches Community psychology places emphasis on principles and strategies that can prevent social, emotional and behavioral problems and wellness and health promotion at the individual and community levels, borrowed from public health and preventive medicine, rather than a passive, and treatment-based medical model. Early identification and intervention...
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...COMMUNITY AND HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY | ASSIGNMENT 1 | | | TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Outline of community psychology and public health approaches. 2 2. Similarities and strengths of (CP) and (PH) 3 3. Differences and weaknesses of (CP) and (PH) 4 4. Conclusions 4 Critically compare and contrast the Community Psychology and Public Health approaches to social problems. OUTLINE OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH The identification of the limitations of mainstream, curative individual therapy (Seedat, Cloete & Shochet, 2002: p. 221) and recognising the need for further community development, social policy and planning; many South African psychologists just as the Americans did in 1960 turned to Community Psychology (CP) during the eighties, to help relieve the sense of powerlessness and anxiety experienced during the political upheaval (Tutorial Letter 102, 2009: p. 5). CP was acknowledged as a separate discipline in 1965 in Swampscott Massachusetts, with its initial focus on social and cultural influences on mental health. It has since then expanded to explore ecological issues that go beyond the individual level. CP investigates the importance of diversity, questions one-dimensional measures of health and validates psychologists as instruments for social change (http://www.answers.com/topic/community-psychology). CP has four models, of which only two, namely Mental Health and Social Action will be of concern in this essay...
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... Examination: Final Examination- 2013 Subject: Management Information System Date: 22/04/2013 Time: 2 hrs Maximum Marks: 30 Instructions: 1. Before starting to write the examination, make sure that it is complete and that there are no printing defects. This examination paper consists of 6 pages. There are 5 questions each of 6 marks, for a total of30 marks. 2. Read the questions carefully and answer what is asked, clearly and to the point only. 3. To assist you in answering the examination questions, the following glossary of terms is included. 4. All questions are compulsory and carry 10 marks each. Glossary Compare Examine qualities or characteristics that resemble each other. Emphasize similarities, although differences may be mentioned. Contrast Compare by observing differences. Stress the dissimilarities of qualities or characteristics. (Also Distinguish between) Criticize Express your own judgment concerning the topic or viewpoint in question. Discuss both pros and cons. Define Clearly state the meaning of the word or term. Relate the meaning specifically to the way it is used in the subject area under discussion. Perhaps also show how the item defined differs from items in other classes with an example. Describe Tell the whole story in narrative form. Diagram Give a drawing, chart, plan or graphic answer. Usually you should label a diagram. In some cases, add a brief explanation or description. Discuss...
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...ECONOMICS EXAMINATION GUIDELINES GRADE 12 2014 These guidelines consist of 25 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over Economics 2 Examination Guidelines DBE/2014 INDEX PAGE 3 1. INTRODUCTION 2. ASSESSMENT IN GRADE 12 2.1 Format of the question papers 2.2 Detail of question papers 4 4 4 3. CONTENT 6 4. CONCLUSION Copyright reserved 25 Please turn over Economics 1. 3 Examination Guidelines DBE/2014 INTRODUCTION The Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) for Economics outlines the nature and purpose of the subject Economics. This guides the philosophy underlying the teaching and assessment of the subject in Grade 12. The purpose of these Examination Guidelines is to: • • Provide clarity on the depth and scope of the content to be assessed in the Grade 12 National Senior Certificate (NSC) Examination in Economics. Assist teachers to adequately prepare learners for the examinations. This document deals with the final Grade 12 external examinations. It does not deal in any depth with the School-Based Assessment (SBA). This guideline should be read in conjunction with: • • • The National Curriculum Statement (NCS) Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS): Economics The National Protocol of Assessment: An addendum to the policy document, the National Senior Certificate: A qualification at Level 4 on the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), regarding the National Protocol for Assessment (Grades R–12) The national policy pertaining...
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... pg.3 * Similarities between Community Psychology and Public Health pg.4 * Limitations and Differences between Community Psychology and Public Health pg.6 * Conclusion pg.7 * Reference List pg.8 Introduction According to Perkins (https://my.vanderbilt.edu/perkins/2011/09/intro-to-community-psychology/) community psychology (CP) can be defined as the relationship between social systems and individual well-being in the community context. Thus, community psychologists grapple with an array of social and mental health problems and they do so through research and interventions in both public and private community settings. PH on the other hand according to Last (cited in Gilbert, 1995) can be defined as one of the efforts organised by society to protect, promote and restore the people’s health. It is the combination of science, skills and beliefs that are directed to the maintenance and improvement of the health of all the people through collective or social actions. The goal of this essay will be to critically compare and contrast these unique disciplines with focusing on both their strengths and weaknesses that define them and yet...
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...Literature Review This literature review will focus on the theoretical and empirical frameworks of Development and Inequality. To understand and critically evaluate this topic area and these terms we first must define economic development; ‘Development economics considers how to promote economic growth in such countries by improving factors like health, education, working conditions, domestic and international policies and market conditions. It examines both macroeconomic and microeconomic factors relating to the structure of a developing economy and how that economy can create effective domestic and international growth.’ (Investopedia, 2013) This definition explains the economics of development however there is a social sphere that is central to this project and will also be explored through both development and inequality, which is a multidimensional issue affecting income, opportunity and outcomes. Inequality is a reoccurring theme in many development journals and Ramya (2013) suggests it’s remnant of a more traditional system that lingers and exacerbates in initial stages of development due to inadequate adoption of market systems and can only be corrected if market fixes are adopted, however inequality is still viewed as a by-product to more essential macroeconomic outcomes such as stability and growth. My study will consider the academic literature and will build an idea of how to formulate hypothesis and methods to understand the process of development and how inequality...
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...section Vi essay forms Many people use the term “essay” to mean any paper written for a class. In actuality, there are many different types of essays, each of which has a unique purpose, form, and style. We call these different types of essays “modes of discourse,” and they include expository, persuasive, and comparecontrast essays to name just a few. This section of the Guide has a dual purpose. First, various types of essays are described and suggestions are included about how to approach each particular type of writing. Second, the sample essays are good tools for you to see how these different essays look in their final form. These are not templates (no essay can be a carbon copy of another even in form), but they will give you a good idea of what a final piece of writing for each mode of discourse looks like. It would be advantageous to critically analyze the form and content of each sample against the instruction for how to write each type of essay. chapter 21 expository essays Jennifer propp An expository essay explains something using facts rather than opinions. The purpose of this type of essay is to inform an audience about a subject. It is not intended to persuade or present an argument of any kind. Writing this type of essay is a good way to learn about all the different perspectives on a topic. Many students use the expository essay to explore a variety of topics, and do so in a wide range of formats, including “process” and “definition”...
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...C. Wright Mills (1959) idea of “personal troubles” and “public issues” considers how personal troubles feel exclusive to the individual although are connected to wider society thus making them public issues. Mills (1959) suggests society influences personal troubles, he uses examples such as “when classes rise or fall a man is employed or unemployed” this proposes the way in which societies fluctuate throughout history depends critically on cultural, political and economic structures, thus impacts individuals greatly without them consciously knowing. They then often look to themselves as the root cause of their personal trouble where as there are masses whom are in a similar situation. Those who possess the “sociological imagination” have the “capacity to shift from one perspective to another” prompting them to look outside of the private sphere and into the public domain. In modern the world many live in multicultural societies, therefore I have chosen to represent caste discrimination as an important personal trouble I have personally been a victim of; I have also found this to be a public issue as many people are also deeply affected by this. Due to being of Indian ethnicity and British nationality, I looked into the Hindu caste system; a system of social stratification derived from occupation. All Indians of any faith identify themselves with the caste system to some degree. The effects of the caste system are still hugely influential in India and still resonate with many...
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...1.0 INTRODUCTION The purpose of the current paper is to critically review the contributions that two of these studies have made to our understanding of societal perceptions, social support and how it affects breastfeeding attitudes and outcomes. (Kronborg and Vaeth 2004) Defined Social support as the mother's perceptions in relation to the support she receives from peers, family and the society at large. The first paper to be reviewed is written by (Leeming et al. 2013) and entitled 'Socially sensitive lactation: Exploring the social context of breastfeeding'. The second paper is written by (Scott et al. 2015) and entitled 'A comparison of maternal attitudes to breast feeding in public and the association with breastfeeding duration in four European countries: Results of a cohort study. The current paper will summarise the arguments, review the subject matter in both papers and compare and contrast the different methodological approaches taken by the authors with comments on the appropriateness of each method chosen. It concludes by a justified opinion of the subject. (Li et al. 2008), stated that discomfort with the idea of breastfeeding is one of the concerns for some women choosing not to breastfeed or incorporating shorter duration of breastfeeding (Stuebe and Bonuck 2011). Decades of research confirm the benefits of breastfeeding for infants and for maternal health (Cricco 2007) (Tarrant, Dodgson and Wu 2014) (Ingram et al. 2008). 1.1 ARGUMENTS (Leeming et al. 2013)...
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...Contrast and Continuities in Society OUSCC1504 [pic][pic] [pic] Combined Studies, Sociology, Level 4 This programme is currently validated by The Open University [pic] [pic] 2014-15 [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] |Assessment type |Hand in date |Percentage of Marks |Assessment description | |Formative assessment |27 March 2015 |0% |Assignment Plan | |Summative assessment |11 May 2015 |10% |Group Presentation | |Summative assessment |25 May 2015 |30% |Individual Supporting Summary | | | | |750 words | |Summative assessment |12 June 2015 |60% |Essay 1,500 | [pic] | | |What’s the module all about? | |Module and Programme Learning Outcomes | |Assessments | |Handing in your work ...
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...How has the law on corporate manslaughter developed in English law? Is the current law satisfactory? How does the approach taken in English Law compare to that taken in United States? The purpose of this research essay is to explore and evaluate critically the development of the law on corporate manslaughter. This area of law involves the interplay and intersection of criminal law and corporate law which makes it a thought provoking area of study. The essay will track the development of the law as it developed in English common law to impose liability on companies for manslaughter and the difficulties associated with prosecuting large companies which gave the impetus for reform in this area. After a brief on the reform process, the essay will...
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...CQ1) How are priority issues for Australia’s health identified? 1. Account for the differences in health status of men and women in Australia (7 marks) 2. Define the following terms: mortality, morbidity and life expectancy (3 marks) 3. How is epidemiology used to improve the health of Australians? Provide examples (6 marks) 4. Outline two indicators of morbidity. Include examples in your answer (3 marks) 5. Why is it important to prioritise particular health issues in Australia? Include examples in your answer (5 marks) 6. Discuss the limitations of using epidemiology to describe the current health status of a population (4 marks) 7. Compare the health status of Australian males to Australian females (4 marks) 8. Analyse the importance of social justice principles in selecting health priorities in Australia (6 marks) 9. Demonstrate how an illness or disease is selected as a National Priority area (5 marks) 10. What is the role of epidemiology? Explain how epidemiology can be used to determine the priority areas for Australia’s health (4 marks) 11. Explain the main measures of epidemiology. What information do they provide about the current health status of Australians (4 marks) 12. Is Australia a healthy nation compared with the rest of the world? Explain your answer. How can Australia’s health be improved? (5 marks) 13. Distinguish between the terms ‘prevalence’ and ‘incidence’ (2 marks) 14. Identify reasons for Australia’s declining infant mortality rate...
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...REPORT ON EUROTOWN DISASTER Introduction On the 14 Oct 11 the Municipalities Emergency Preparedness Group was in meeting. At 1000 hrs it was reported that there was a major electrical failure affected the greater part of Eurotown. No initial assumptions were made but the respective service agencies were contacted. At 1200 hrs the situation deteriorated with a serious fires starting in a factory units in Bromley Hill. A Major Incident was declared at 1205 hrs and the ‘Eurotown Emergency Plan’ was activated in accordance with the Civil Contingencies Act 2004. The following actions were undertaken: * Traffic Management plan implemented. * Emergency media plan implemented (and throughout all stages of the incident). * Multi-agency action plan implemented (mutual aid response). * Communication and co-ordination with ‘Tactical Coordination Group. * Impact of power outages on critical infrastructure. * Vulnerable groups such as schools and care homes were contacted. At 1330 hrs the fire had spread to adjacent properties which housed an LPG storage tank and 10 tonnes of chlorine. The risk of explosion and the release of a toxic plume were considered severe and priority was given to evacuating residential and business properties within 500 metres of the site around the LPG storage facility and evacuation of the personnel calculated to be effected by the plume. It was agreed that evacuation of both these groups should be co-ordinated and given equal priority...
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