...Cross-Cultural Communication Essay Nguyen Hong Minh Business Communication October 30, 2013 Douglas Foster Cross-Cultural Communication Essay Different cultures lead to different way of thinking and behaviors (Hofstede 1991). For this reason, many problems in communication across countries occur when people are unaware of culture differences, especially to high-context culture. Hall (1976) suggested that one must put great efforts to understand the message from a context-dependent communication. It is essential that business people bear in mind that learning cultures and intercultural communication are vital. In the current increasingly diverse world, intercultural communication obviously plays an important role (Germaine, 2006). As a developing country with high-context culture, Vietnamese workers should be well prepared to overcome difficulties when dealing with other cultures in global business integration process. This essay will look at specific aspects of cultural elements of communication in Viet Nam and compare barriers in Viet Nam to those in the UK. Through these boundaries, the essay suggests several intercultural competencies that Vietnamese managers should train their employees in order to work well under multi-cultural environment. Communication in Viet Nam According to Das and Kumar (2010), Viet Nam’s culture, which is among Asian countries, is classified as high-context. In this system, communication...
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...To: Kelly Sinclair Subject: Cross Cultural Communications To: Kelly Sinclair, Events Manager From: , Communications Intern Re: Cross-cultural Communications Dear Kelly Sinclair, In response to your request for specific information on diverse cultural communication in the countries in which we have continued relationships with I have selected Italy to be my national culture of focus. Thank you for the opportunity to broaden my understanding of this sensitive area in my upcoming career. When travelling to Italy for business matters, there is one aspect that is regularly overlooked and considered to be of the utmost importance in Italian culture. This issue has become of very little importance in the United States as it is considered politically incorrect. The topic in mind is personal appearance and is idealized in the Italian phrase 'bella figura' or good image which is more than just dressing well but encompasses the overall way you project your persona.(Kwintessential) Italians tend to place a significant amount of importance on first impressions and will stand by those impressions. Manner of dress indicates social standing, level of education and professionalism. Italians dress very formally and conservatively in a high fashion and accessorized manner. Failure to do so yourself will immediately signify to an Italian that you are not a serious contender in their business realm. The personal appearance aspect of Italian business culture is based in large...
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...considered a driving force behind human actions in any country of the world; it plays part in politics, economics, progression, and every aspect of a community. It is transmitted to generations and generations thereafter. I chose Japan because they appear distinctly different in business interactions than the United States, and as an accounting major, I have an interest in how various cultural traits may or may not determine a way a country conducts business in the global community. My research will include analysis of various dimensions of culture to include: communication, religion, ethics, values and attitudes, manners, customs, structures and organizations within Japan’s culture, and education. The analysis should reveal how the elements and dimensions of culture influence businesses conducted with locals of the region; how do the elements and dimensions as well as the local business interaction compare to the United States’ culture and local businesses; and, implications for United States’ businesses who wish to conduct business in Japan. Although the fore mentioned are the basis of the cultural analysis, I hope to unfold how past/ current political constraints limits Japan’s maturity within the global community, for example, the limitations imposed by the signing of Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security. Over fifty years ago, Japan and the United States signed the “Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security,” to assist in the containment of Communism that was overtaking...
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...American Economics and Death in Japan Jacob K. Donlan ANT 101: Cultural Anthropology Instructor James Turner September 7, 2015 Introduction This paper will show an overview of the American economic system today from an etic (outsider’s) point of view as well as examine how the Japanese culture treats death from an introspective view to show readers how areas where they may already have an opinion on can be seen from other perspectives. In Part I, readers will be shown from an etic perspective how Americans have, over time, developed an addiction to indebtedness and live in abundance on credit, not caring of growing deficits and interest burdens. In his 2013 book, “Cultural Anthropology,” Crapo describes an etic analysis as “an outsider’s or observer’s allegedly “objective” account.” In Part II, the Japanese culture surrounding death will be described as how an insider would understand it. Crap described an emic analysis as “an insider’s or native’s meaningful account.” (Ch. 1.1). For various cultures around the world to truly understand and empathize with one another, it is important to be able to see things from each other’s perspective. Being able to understand an issue in America as an outsider would see it, and likewise to look at something that might seem strange to us as an insider would will help us grow beyond our preconceived notions and ignorance. Part I This...
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...Language and Organization | | | Earned Mark | | AA100B The Arts Past and Present II TMA Second Semester 2015-2016 Cut-off date: Week 10 TMA Format and Word Count: The student’s work should be presented in an ESSAY of around 1200 words. Referencing: The essay should include a list of references (print and electronic) at the end in addition to in-text referencing as per the requirements of the Harvard Referencing System. Proper referencing is a serious academic requirement and skill and will be rewarded accordingly. Writing and Discussion Topic: Cultural encounters are a common occurrence in human history. Their impact varies on cultures and individuals especially as they relate to questions of identity and self-worth. The cultural encounter in such a case becomes fundamental to one’s perception of oneself and the cultures to which s/he relates. Explore how cultural encounters are manifested in literary works, specifically short stories from An Anthology of Short Stories from Five Continents, with particular reference to “Bella makes Life” by Lorna Goodison. In the process of answering the TMA, you should make sure to include the below five sub questions: 1) How is the concept of cultural encounter treated in the short story ‘Bella Makes Life’? 2) Is the author, Lorna Goodison, aware...
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...Christopher Cox Patricia Huhn English 121 20 February 2012 Education and Language Education and its effects on the individual is the primary focus of the essays by Richard Rodriguez, Leslie Silko, Firoozeh Dumas, and Gloria Anzaldua. Rodriquez’s “Achievement of Desire” illustrates how education can take the place of one’s cultural tradition in pursuit of knowledge. The loss of language is the focus of Silko’s speech, “Language and Literature from a Pueblo Indian Perspective”. “The F Word” by Firoozeh Dumas shows how profound words in one language can be funny in another, as well as hurtful. In “How to Tame a Wild Tongue” by Gloria Anzaldua, she talks about how the education system tried to remove her culture by taking away her language. The two authors take opposite views on education and how it directly affected their lives. While embracing education by becoming a scholarship boy, Rodriquez shows how his desire for knowledge overcame his families’ desire for cultural tradition. Anzaldua expresses her feelings about how education continually tried to forcefully remove her Spanish heritage. The term “scholarship boy” came from Richard Hoggart’s The Uses of Literacy and means that the student must move between two culturally extreme environments during their progression of education. In Rodriquez’s account of his early educational experiences, he demonstrates Hoggart’s core definition of being a scholarship boy to the tee. While finishing his dissertation...
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...seriously about the material conditions that produce commodities for everyday use (often hidden and obscured), as well as their emotional/cultural/social value (often produced and enforced by media, norms, discipline, and bodily surveillance). For example, when considering an ordinary pair of jeans, it is important to understand how their material history goes beyond simply when and where they were purchased. From production to consumption, a whole range of transnational labor practices (that primarily utilize the skills of young, low-income women of color) and advertising strategies (that primarily utilize the bodies and sexuality of young women) are deployed. Many of these practices violate international labor and environmental standards. At the same time, this ordinary pair of jeans may also contain a personal history that reflects emotional, cultural, or social values (a particular brand, a form of resistance to dress codes and cultural clothing norms, a gift from a beloved older sister, etc.). Your job is to choose an ordinary object (piece of fruit, family heirloom, beauty product, item of clothing…whatever, really) and trace both its material and personal history. There will be three components: a written essay, a audio/visual archive, and an oral presentation. Each section will receive it’s own grade. Descriptions are as follows: WRITTEN ESSAY: 6 pages...
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...words, write a plan for the essay Plan Introduction 1) Explain the background and context of the extract. 2) Discuss the evidence for the Chartism’s support in terms of economic pressure, national political movement and inclusive cultural community. 3) The essay will explore how the three factors were important in the speech for gaining support for Chartism and which proved to be the more dominant factor. Economic Pressure 1) At the time of Chartism, economy was on a downturn, especially in regards to the poorer classes. 2) Use quotes from the speech to demonstrate economic pressures identified. 3) Refer to Asa Briggs secondary Source, who advocates the significance of economic pressure. National Political Movement 1) Explore how political references and terminology was used in the speech. 2) Provide quotes from the speech as evidence of political movement. 3) Quote Gareth Stedman Jones Secondary Source in reference to political movement. Cultural Community 1) Chartism was directed to both men and women, show evidence of this from the speech. 2) Refer to Dorothy Thompson Secondary Source providing evidence that women were involved. Conclusion 1) Discuss all three factors being evident in the speech. 2) Reflect on evidence showing political movement to be the more dominant factor. Words = 196 Part 2 In no more than 800 words, write an essay in response to the above question. The essay will discuss the three...
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...write an essay. I learned this situation when I decided to come in the US for education. Before I come to the US, I had to take a preparation course for English in Turkey. That’s why my writing history started like that spontaneously. I really don’t like to write as my personality; however, this is a necessity for enhancing the ability to write an essay. Particularly, academic writing is the most important part of the studying in university, and my earlier writing experience is related just academic writing which is some type of essay such as, process essay, cause and effect essay and compare-contrast essay. One of the types of essay that I wrote first is process essay. That was really important experience because I had never written this type of essay. A process essay explains a process by either defining it, explaining the steps for completing the process oneself or by showing how a thing works. My process topic was “Things to Do in Case of Hurricane”. I explained the processes such as before the hurricane, during the hurricane and after the hurricane. The second type of the essay that I dealt is the cause and effect essay. That was one of the useful types of the essay because everybody can learn...
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...Expressive Essay (Observation, Ethnography or Memoir) First Draft ENC 1101 – CR Junkins Purpose: What do I want the student to do? In this course, we will explore the two most commonly used forms of writing for college students: expressive writing and academic writing. Expressive writing captures what is important to the writer. In order to succeed, writers must understand themselves. Such writing is deeply personal. Expressive writing is designed to prepare students for writing outside academics—communicating feelings and observations, beliefs and opinions, community and individuality—all skill sets that will enable students to succeed in any discipline or career path. From a learning perspective, expressive writing is often an easier form of writing than academic. It allows students to begin working with such concepts as language, reasoning and mechanics while working with material they find worth discussing. In this assignment, I want students to carefully examine both themselves and their community. What makes their community unique? What is their place within the community? How did their unique, individual personality take shape? Project Overview: How do I want the student to do the assignment? Component One: Personal Students will choose to write on one of the following three topics: • One’s sense of place (observation) • One’s place within a community (ethnography) • One’s relationship to an event from the past (memoir) ...
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...In the third project, we were required to prepare a remix (either an audio and a video) about the cultural artifact we chose in the previous project. My artifact was an e-reader called the Amazon Kindle. At the beginning, I was perplexed, and did not know about what my remix should be. I had two options in mind. Firstly, I make a mini documentary video about literacy and reading habits in my culture and compare it to the American culture that I have linked my artifact with. Secondly, I make a small introductory video about the Kindle and how it is useful for reading purposes, in addition to including an interview with a person who uses the Kindle. Both of the aforementioned choices required making a video, because audio-remix will not help in delivering the message I want to convey, and that’s due to the fact that not everybody knows what the Kindle is. After considering the short period of time I have, consulting my professor and some classmates, I decided that my remix will be the second the choice (Interview and...
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...DEPARTMENT of LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION THE BUSINESS SCHOOL HANDBOOK FOR REFERENCING 1. THE IMPORTANCE OF REFERENCING There are three main reasons why accurate referencing is important: * it provides relevant background information, illustrations of ideas or theories, or evidence for an argument that you are making in your essay or report. Your ideas need to be based on prior reading, and referencing is a way of showing that you have done this and are familiar with the field. * it enables readers to find any source of information mentioned in the text, if they want to follow up on a point or examine a theory more closely. In other words, if you refer to someone's work in an essay or report, you have to give enough information to allow readers to find it for themselves, if they find it interesting or relevant. * it gives due credit to the person(s) from whom you acquired the information. Using those ideas and/or words as if they were your own, or without acknowledging where they came from, is equivalent to 'stealing' someone else's ideas and counts as an academic offence in Britain known as plagiarism. 2. FORMATTING STYLES: HARVARD REFERENCING There are many different formatting styles for referencing, and each journal uses a specific style. So in that sense, there is no single, correct way in which to format your references. Nevertheless, it is inappropriate...
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...of literature being analyzed and author interviews or essays. Secondary sources are foundational essays of the theoretical approach, contextual sources of the text’s and author’s time period and life, critical reviews and essays that vary in topics and approaches to reading the text and/or theory. Required Steps to Approaching this Essay: 1. You will include existing interpretations (minimum of 3 sources; must be from a peer-reviewed scholarly journal). There are many ways readers interpret text(s) in part or in whole, so one way to narrow the search is to find particular theoretical interpretations as a focus as well. For example, you may choose feminism as the theory and see how various feminists have interpreted your chosen text(s). POTENTIAL TRAP: focusing on another’s argument rather than your own. 2. You will include cultural/historical context for making the literature matter (minimum of 2 sources; these can be biographical, historical, or cultural sources depending on the paper’s focus). Not only is the author’s cultural/historical information a possibility to look into, but also the context presented within the text itself may prove useful. POTENTIAL TRAP: using the essay as merely an information dump rather than using the context to argue an interpretation. 3. You will include primary sources (that means the literature itself and any author interviews; minimum of 3 sources). Possible Approach to this Essay: 4. You may focus on using the literature as a springboard...
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...Essay writing Writing skills are particularly important for management students. Once statements are made in writing, they are much more difficult to retract or change so the meanings of sentences need to be concise and clear. It is therefore vitally important to develop your skills in this more formalised and rigorous form of communication. The following suggestions should help in preparing your essay: Planning: Before you start writing it is important that you know enough about the topic to form an argument in response to the question set. Make sure you have read enough – not just textbooks or lecture notes. Planning your essay is very important. Another key step before you put pen to paper, or finger the keyboard, is to work out a structure for your essay. Making the structure explicit will help you be clear about your overall line of argument. Equally, being clear about your line of argument will help shape your sense of structure. For these reasons IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO DECIDE THE THEME AND ARGUMENT OF YOUR ESSAY BEFORE YOU START TO WRITE. However many of you will also find it useful to try writing parts of the essay in order to work out your structure and plan your argument. Writing a structure plan does NOT mean writing a list of everything you want to include in the essay – the ‘shopping list’ approach. Rather you need to think through the logical steps of the argument. What information or points do you need to make before you can argue a certain line...
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