...A.D) Hamid Zangeneh and Ahmad Salam Central Banking in an Interest Free Banking System J.KAU: Islamic Economics, Vol. 5 (1993), pp. 25-35 Comments: RODNEY WILSON Professor of Economics Department of Economics University of Durham U.K. The article by Hamid Zangeneh and Ahmad Salam is a welcome departure in the Islamic finance literature, as relatively little has been written about the role of central banks in an Islamic financial system. The authors review the major functions of central banks, and then discuss how monetary tools need to be adapted in an Islamic economy, these including discount rates, open market operations, reserve ratios, refinancing ratios, credit controls, moral persuasion, profit sharing ratios and exchange rates. The authors cite an earlier paper by Mohammad Nejatullah Siddiqi who has probably given more consideration to the issues than anyone else. (1) One of Siddiqi's main concerns is the central bank's role as lender of the last resort, as it is ultimately responsible for safeguarding the interests of depositors, whether the system is conventional or Islamic, although arguably in an Islamic economy it is not so much a matter of consumer rights, but rather of moral responsibility to Muslim depositors who have entrusted their savings to an Islamic bank in good faith. Although the authors quote Mohammad Uzair when discussing the tools of central banking, (2) Sidjqi has looked at these matters more recently, at least in a summary form. (3) ...
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...FINC-941: Macroeconomic Policy and Global Capital Markets Fall 2011 Syllabus Linked Non-textbook Readings Starred readings are optional. Week 1: Economic growth across countries: measurement and the facts Charles Jones (1997), "On the Evolution of the World Income Distribution," Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11, 19-36 “Stumble or Fall” The Economist, January 10, 2009 (on-line only) * “Argentina threatens inflation analysts with fine” Financial Times, Feb 4, 2010 *“What’s the Point of Macro?” by Dylan Grice *“An Inflation Debate Brews Over Intangibles at the Mall” Wall Street Journal, May 9, 2005 *“Measuring What Matters” The Economist, September 17, 2009 Weeks 2 and 3: International economic growth and development Capital accumulation Robert E. Hall and Charles I. Jones, "Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output per Worker than Others?" Quarterly Journal of Economics, February 1999, Vol. 114, pp. 83-116. *John Fernald and Brent Neiman, “Growth Accounting with Misallocation: Or, Doing Less with More in Singapore” AEJ Macroeconomics, 3(2) April 2011 (Better than the optional article on the reading list, that you can still google.) Institutions “The Road to Hell is Unpaved” Economist, December 19, 2002 (on-line only) The Panda has Two Faces, The Economist, March 31, 3010 (on-line only) “Mad, Bad and Dangerous to Know” The Economist, Jan 14, 2010 (on-line only) Openness *“The Free Trade Fix” New York...
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...Abstract In the last few years, the Iranian banking system has consistently ignored customer-orientation and its fundamental. Therefore, the banking system has not been able to use recent modern marketing very well, because of various economic and social problems such as the governmental banking system and the excess of the demand rate over supply. People do not have any incentive to use Iranian banking system, because banking system do not pay attention to their priority values and needs and just present similar services in all branches of country’s banks. Therefore, the customers refer to the banks inevitably to satisfy their elementary needs, in other words it should said that, in the current situation the people serve the banks, not the banks serve people. Regarding the environmental changes that are front of us, the banks should emphasize on its equipping, recognizing the customer’s need and expectations and regard to market situation. Because every bank can recognize and secure these needs before rivals will success in the competition field. This study attempted to analysis the role of customer communication management in Iranian banks and its weakness, strengths and goals, in addition, its executing 2 effects and the basic role of customer as a basic and critical element for remaining the banking system. Finally, some suggestions present for reforming and improving the quality of services in the banking system. Keywords: Customer Relationship Management...
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...Administration A Report on Mercantile Bank Limited PREPARED FOR Shahriyar Anam Course Instructor Business Communication PREPARED BY Sabbir Ahmed Reg – 11102003 Group – A (BBA) Department of Business Administration The University of Asia Pacific Letter of Transmittal August 21, 2011 Shahriyar Anam Course Instructor (HSS 131) Department of Business Administration The University of Asia Pacific Subject: Application for submitting the report on Mercantile Bank Ltd. Dear Sir, I beg most respectfully to state that, for the fulfillment of the course requirement, I have prepared a Report on Mercantile Bank Ltd. I have written this report based on my exposure to General banking, Foreign exchange, Loan and Advance department of main branch, Mercantile Bank Ltd. It is a great pleasure for me to present you this report. I shall be glad if the report can serve its purpose and I am ready to explain anything to you if you feel necessary. Thanking You, Sincerely Yours, Sabbir Ahmed Reg – 11102003 Group – A, BBA Department of Business Administration The University of Asia Pacific Preface Preface The diversity and variety of the world’s nations are not only a source of delight for humanity; they are also the wellsprings of international commerce. The diversity...
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...Financial Markets and Institutions ULAB 12/28/2011 Department: USB Section: 01 Islamic banking system Letter of Transmittal December 28, 2011 Shahriar Kabir Lecturer Financial Markets and Institutions ULAB Subject: Request to Accept Term Paper regarding “Islamic Banking System” Dear Sir, We are very pleased to submit the term paper on “Islamic Banking System”. We were assigned to prepare and submit this term paper as the partial fulfillment of the course Financial Markets and Institutions (Course Code: Bus 421). We have tried our best to prepare this term paper perfectly. Nevertheless, this paper has been suffered by time and other resource limitation. We will be obliged, if you kindly accept this term paper. We are ready to make you clear regarding any confusion or further clarification from this term paper. Sincerely yours, Nasrin Akter (On the behalf of all the group members) Table of contain Title | Page no | Executive summary ……………………………………....……4Introduction ……………………………………..….………….5History………………………………….…………….…...........5Features of Islamic bank………………………………………..6Who follow……………………………………………………...6Who are the customers ………………………………………….6Principles of Islamic banking……………………………………6Worldwide Islamic banking ……………………………………..7Activities of Islamic Banks...
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...Namibia’s Monetary Policy Framework © 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, plagiarizing, recording and storing without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the copyright legislation in force in the Republic of Namibia. The contents of this publication are intended for general information only and are not intended to serve as financial or other advice. While every precaution is taken to ensure the accuracy of information, the Bank of Namibia shall not be liable to any person for inaccurate information or opinions contained in this publication. Published by the Bank of Namibia 71 Robert Mugabe Avenue P.O. Box 2882 WINDHOEK NAMIBIA Tel: +264 61 283 5111 Fax: +264 61 283 5067 http://www.bon.com.na ISBN: 99916-61-50-6 CONTENTS FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................2 I II THE TRANSMISSION MECHANISM OF MONETARY POLICY IN NAMIBIA ...............3 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ..............................................................6 Board of Directors ............................................................................................................6 Monetary policy formulation .............................................................................................6 Institutional framework ......................
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...INSIDER DEALINGS AND THE PROBLEMS OF BUSINESS ETHICS IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA. BY Adegboye Folasade Bosede Department of Banking & Finance Covenant University Ota, Ogun state. Tel: 07032678252 e-mail:sadeadegboye@yahoo.com THIS PAPER IS TO BE PRESENTED AT: THE 8TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE NIGERIAN SOCIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AT TEMPRANCE HOTEL OFF THE BELLS UNIVERSITY ROAD OTA, OGUN STATE. DATE: TUESDAY NOVEMBER 25- THURSDAY NOVEMBER 27, 2008 ABSTRACT Professionalism in banking is violated when ethical or legal fundamentals are breached or blatantly disregarded. Ethics is a strong code of morality, which for an occupation such as banking, plays an important role in the well being of individuals, businesses, national and international economies. Unethical conduct manifests itself in various ways, including insider abuse, fraudulent dealings; irregularity/inaccuracy in rendition of reports, these are problems bordering on business ethics as evident in the Nigerian banking crisis. A multiple regression analysis was used and from the summary of the finding, we can infer that the consequences of insider dealing and problem of business ethics can be disastrous and could result in loss of confidence and trust in the industry, loss of business for the institutions, shareholders, board/management disputes, operational losses, distress of the sector, and liquidation of institutions, capital flight, and stagnation of the economy. INTRODUCTION Traditionally, the role of...
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...Proposal on Islamic Banking Table of Contents TOC \o 1-2 1) Research Title PAGEREF _Toc \h 3 2) Introduction to the Research Topic and Main Research Question PAGEREF _Toc1 \h 3 3) Literature Review Outline and Detailed Research Questions PAGEREF _Toc2 \h 5 3.1) Introduction PAGEREF _Toc3 \h 5 3.2) Background of Islamic Banking PAGEREF _Toc4 \h 5 3.3) Features of Islamic Banking PAGEREF _Toc5 \h 6 3.4) Determination of Whether Islamic Banking is a Matter of Semantics PAGEREF _Toc6 \h 8 3.5) Detailed Research Questions PAGEREF _Toc7 \h 10 4) Ethical Considerations PAGEREF _Toc8 \h 10 References PAGEREF _Toc9 \h 12 Bibliography PAGEREF _Toc10 \h 17 1) Research Title “Islamic Banking: A Matter of Semantics?” 2) Introduction to the Research Topic and Main Research Question Islamic banking is denoted as a banking system, which is mainly governed by the principles that have been formulated by the Islamic Shariah (Hasan, 2012). In general, the term Islamic banking is not only typically based on evading internet-based transactions that are strictly prohibited under the law of Shariah, but also discards any sort of unsocial or unethical practices (Ahmed, 2011). With this concern, it can be affirmed that Islamic banking is regarded as the procedure of transforming predictable money lending into transactions that are fundamentally based upon real as well as tangible services (El-Gamal, 2006). This banking system, if successfully...
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...SLEPT Analysis of Banking Industry Social Analysis Social environment of an organization plays an important role in the performance of an organization. The analysis which we have done also reveals the vital role of the culture and society in the success or failure of an organization. An organization must carefully observe the cultural and societal forces while performing its operations in that particular area. In our analysis of banking industry of Pakistan we analyzed the following facts : • Banks are open for every one and a person from any social class can utilize their facilities by completing their legal requirements. But majority of banks ( RBS, Samba, Bank Alfalah & UBL ) aretargeting the middle class and upper class. While some banks ( HSBC &Citi bank ) target the business class people and other big parties. • The Pakistani society is becoming more knowledgeable and educated about the latest trends in the world due to which they are readily adapting new technologies . They feel free and comfortable andsecure to use banking services. Most of the people think that the bank is the safest and most secure place for them to keep their money. • In the banking industry of Pakistan most of the players areforeign banks. People are not worried about the nationality of the bank ,they do not like or dislike a bank because of its country of origin. Butwhat people expect is that the foreign banks would provide them more better service as compared to the local banks...
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...Executive Summary The present study investigates how mergers and acquisitions impact the morale of employees in the banking sector. This report recognizes the lapse in research in this particular area even though mergers and acquisition are some of the most common means used by banks to pull resources together and enjoy economies of scale. Indeed most of the studies that were done in the past were actually outdated, and the most recent ones did not effectively explain the impacts that mergers and acquisitions had on the morale of employees working in the banking sector. Based on this realization, this study sought to deal with all the foregoing issues by generating new information that would point the exact impact mergers and acquisitions in the banking sector had on the morale of employees in the banking sector. By using qualitative research methods, this study seeks to provide answers to three research questions. The first question that this research seeks to answer is the kinds of impacts that mergers and acquisitions on the morale of employees working in the banking sector. Secondly, this study aims to provide an understanding of how employees think the negative effects of mergers and acquisitions can be dealt with. The last research question is what happens to employees during the processes of merger and acquisition. The study is designed to provide deeper understanding on the sort of impacts that result from bank acquisitions and mergers, particularly from the...
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...service-based economy (in 2011 services 80% of GDP); * Cyprus had a well-developed banking system controlled by Central Bank of Cyprus. Funding was stable and deposits exceeded loans. The economy was mainly built upon the services sector, including tourism, financial services, banking sector and real estate. Despite a real estate overheating that was experienced after Cyprus was admitted into the European Union in 2004, risks were relatively contained by tight loan-to-value ratios (1:1, where EU average 1:67). By the time it joined the euro area, Cyprus had already in place strict liquidity regulations and macro-prudential measures. Significant part of Cyprus economy and financial sector was formed by high % of FDI that was stimulated by the strategic location of Cyprus, easy market access to Europe, Middle East and CSI Countries, low corporate tax of 10%, existing 45 double taxation agreements, social and economic stability, repute as a international shipping and financial center, well‐established legal, accounting, and banking services, advanced telecommunications network, availability of educated, qualified, and multilingual workforce, and low crime rate. Additionally Cyprus was considered as a hub for money laundering from different parts of the world (mainly, Russia) Greece crisis affected several economic indicators (i.e.unemployment, inflation) that signalized need for change in economic policies and/or activities. 2. List and briefly discuss 2-3 key reasons (from...
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...social responsibility * definition of corporate social responsibility * Company profile * RBS social policy 6 * definition of social policy * corporate social responsibility activities in RBS * conclusion A case study-The financial crisis This case is examining the dispute between the government and the banking sector .it exposes the conflict between the need for tightly regulated banking sector and the need to keep the bonus driven structure. The UK Govt are planning to put forward a regulation reform that will force the banks to separate their retail banking from the rest of their businesses and above all the riskier investment operations and to increase the amount they have to keep in capital in the bank as a buffer against future shocks. However not all stakeholders agree with the UK government proposed reforms. Many industries has added their voices to the banks in claiming that structural reform will reduce lending volumes and also render London less competitive as an international banking centre. Question 1.1 Identifying each of the stakeholders and how they are affected. What are the main harms and benefits in this case for different stakeholders based on the...
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...Swiss Private Banking Table of Contents: I. Introduction: 1) Economy of Switzerland; 2) Overview of Swiss Private Banking Sector; II. Strengths and Opportunities of Swiss Private Banking: 1) Privacy; 2) Protection and Safety; 3) Stability and High Quality Standards; III. Weaknesses and Problems that Swiss Private Banking is facing: 1) Dependency on socio- demographic factors; 2) Shifting of wealth concentration; 3) Speed of recovery of markets; 4) Threat to offshore banking; 5) Hard to ensure sustained profitability; IV. Offshore banking in the light of current financial crisis V. Differences in the way different sized banks were effected: 1) Megabanks; 2) Small – medium sized banks; VI. Strategies adopted by private banks after financial crisis: 1) Credit Suisse; 2) UBS; VII. Conclusion Switzerland is one of the most stable, modern and highly developed economies in the world nowadays. Percentage of Swiss Workforce by Sector of Economy is as following: - 1960: Services (39%); Manufacturing (47%) ; Agriculture (15%) ; - 2008: Service (73%); Manufacturing (23%); Agriculture (4%). Economic history of Switzerland is characterized by steady movement to higher productivity industries and services. Traditionally, the Swiss economy used to ran as calmly and soundly as a Swiss clock, well-oiled by the money inflows to Swiss private banks. The country of Switzerland has a small territory compared to surrounding countries and...
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...FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQs) ON ISLAMIC BANKING Prepared by Mr. Imran Ahmad Mr. Ghulam Shabbir Islamic Banking Department State Bank of Pakistan Karachi. PART 1: RIBA AND INTEREST......................................................................................... 4 Question No. 1). What is Islamic Banking? ................................................................................................ 4 Question No. 2). What is the philosophy of Islamic banking?.................................................................... 4 Question No.3) What is Meant By Riba? .................................................................................................... 5 Question No.4) What is interest? Is there any difference between interest and Riba? ............................ 5 Question No. 5) What are the different kinds of Riba?.............................................................................. 6 Question No. 6). What are the revelations/verses in Holy Quran regarding prohibition of Riba/interest? ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Question No. 7) What are the sayings/Ahadith about Riba/Interest? .................................................... 10 Question No.8) Are there any injunctions against Riba/usury in religious texts other than Holy Quran? .......................................
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...While green banking is not yet a key reason for most customers to select one financial institution over another, customer demands and greater environmental awareness are driving a number of financial institutions to go green. Environment is a key focus amongst ethical banks (in this field specially called sustainability or green banks) as well as amongst many conventional banks that wish to appear more ethically oriented or that see switching to more environmental practices to be to their advantage. In general bankers “consider themselves to be in a relatively environmentally friendly industry (in terms of emissions and pollution). However, given their potential exposure to risk, they have been surprisingly slow to examine the environmental performance of their clients. A stated reason for this is that such an examination would ‘require interference’ with a client’s activities. While the desire to not meddle in the business of the client is valid, one could also note that banks are required to interfere in the business of their clients regularly to ensure that the clients’ business plan is viable before issuing them a loan. The kind of analysis that all banks partake in is termed a single bottom line analysis (this analysis only considers financial performance). It is arguable whether or not performing a triple bottom line analysis (an analysis that takes into account environmental, social, and financial performance) would be any more intrusive in case of banking sector. As...
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