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Deep Space 1

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Submitted By maryautor
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H : La technologie avance avec une vitesse rafolante. Dans la mission Deep Space 1, on a testé 12 technologies très avancées. Nous allons, aujourd’hui vous approfondir sur cette mission.
Alors, c’était la NASA qui était responsable de ce projet.

J : La sonde spatiale Deep Space 1 fut lancée de Cap Canaveral le 24 Octobre 1998 à l'aide d'une fusée Delta II. En septembre 1999, les chercheurs de la Nasa estimaient que Deep Space 1 avait triomphalement rempli tous ses objectifs. Mais la sonde intéressait également les scientifiques. Ces derniers avaient programmé une série de rendez-vous avec des astéroïdes et des comètes.

H : Il a eut des problèmes pendant les déroulement. Il y avait un signal très faible. Après quelques calculs, on s'aperçoit bien vite que Deep Space 1 tourne sur elle-même au rythme d'une rotation toutes les heures. A cause de ce mouvement, le signal est très faible puisque lorsque l'antenne se rapproche de la Terre, le signal devient plus fort. Inversement, il faiblit rapidement dès que l'antenne s'éloigne. Il faut obligatoirement stopper sa rotation au bon moment, de manière à ce que l'antenne parabolique pointe dans la direction de la Terre. Connaissant la position du Soleil et l'angle Terre-Soleil, les ingénieurs peuvent ordonner à la sonde de basculer dans la direction de notre planète. L'antenne parabolique reçoit alors l'ordre d'émettre continuellement des données, l'objectif étant de suivre l'évolution de la force du signal radio sur un tour complet. Lorsque l'antenne se rapproche de la Terre, le signal devient plus fort. Inversement, il faiblit rapidement dès que l'antenne s'éloigne.Grâce à cette technique, les ingénieurs estiment le moment où l'antenne parabolique pointe précisément vers la Terre. Les ingénieurs envoient une commande ordonnant à la sonde de stopper sa révolution. L'opération est un succès. Deep Space s'est immobilisée avec son antenne parabolique pointée vers notre planète. Ensuite, les ingénieurs peuvent alors s'attaquer à la partie la plus difficile : la transformation à distance de la caméra scientifique en senseur stellaire. Le 29 juillet 1999, la sonde spatiale Deep Space 1 est passée à 26 kilomètres de l'astéroïde. Des problèmes techniques avec la caméra du bord ne permirent de récupérer que des clichés flous, mais qui permettent de deviner approximativement sa forme. Le 21 septembre 2001, elle a exécuté un survol de Borrelly. La mission s’est terminé le 18 décembre 2001.
Y : Il y a beaucoup de scientifiques qui ont participé à ce projet. Nous allons vous en nommer 15. Il y a Frances Bagenal, Daniel Boice, Daniel Britt, Bonnie Buratti, Robert Brown, Wing Ip, Jurgen Oberst, Tobias Owen, Bill Sandel, Laurence Soderblom, Alan Stern, Nicolas Thomas, Roger Yelle, David Young, Joseph Wang. Puis, Marc Rayman est le directeur de la mission et un ingénieur. NASA a utilisé 12 nouvelles technologies dont un moteur ionique , Autonav, un système de navigation autonome qui réduit le nombre d'interventions depuis le sol , Remote agent, programme qui permet à la sonde de diagnostiquer ses erreurs et de se réparer par elle même en cas de dysfonctionnement ;SDST (Small, Deep-Space Transponder) : un système radio miniaturisé ;MICAS (Miniature Integrated Camera And Spectrometer) : une combinaison de petits instruments scientifiques tels qu'un appareil photo et un spectromètre ; PEPE (Plasma Experiment for Planetary Exploration) : une autre combinaison d'instruments ; SCARLET (Solar Concentrator Array of Refractive Linear Element Technologies) : des panneaux solaires fournissant une puissance de 2500 watts Beacon Monitor : un système permettant à la sonde d'envoyer des informations concernant son état et de prévenir la Terre en cas de problème.

H : Ça a coûté 149,7 millions, et le but est de tester douze nouvelles technologies. Puis, on a accompli la mission en atteignant même ses objectifs secondaires : le survol des environs de l'astéroïde (9969) Braille et de la comète Borrelly, ainsi que la collecte de données scientifiques et de photographies de ces astres.

Y : Nous espérons que nous vous avons approfondi sur ce sujet en écoutant notre oral. Merci de votre attention.

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