...DEPRESSIVE RELAPSE AND WHY SHOULD ATTENTIONAL CONTROL (MINDFULNESS) TRAINING HELP? J OHN D. TEASDALE, 1 ZINDEL SEGAL2 a n d J. MARK G. WILLIAMS3 ' MRC Applied Psychology Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 2EF, England, 2Clark Institute of Psychiatry, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Toronto, 3Department of Psychology, University College of North Wales (Received 12 November 1993; receivedfor publication 17 January 1994) S ummary--There is encouraging evidence that structured psychological treatments for depression, in p articular cognitive therapy, can reduce subsequent relapse after the period of initial treatment has been completed. However, there is a continuing need for prophylactic psychological approaches that can be administered to recovered patients in euthymic mood. An information-processing analysis of depressive m aintenance and relapse is used to define the requirements for effective prevention, and to propose mechanisms through which cognitive therapy achieves its prophylactic effects. This analysis suggests that similar effects can be achieved using techniques of stress-reduction based on the skills of attentional control t aught in mindfulness meditation. An information-processing analysis is presented of mindfulness and mindlessness, and of their relevance to preventing depressive relapse. This analysis provides the basis for the development of Attentional Control Training, a new approach to preventing relapse that integrates ...
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...Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Reaction Paper Denise Dugan California Baptist University Author Note This paper is being submitted to Dr. Kristen White in partial fulfillment for the requirements for MFT Counseling Techniques, PSY 525, on March 1, 2014. Abstract Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a group therapy approach that utilizes mindfulness techniques and cognitive therapy for depression relapse prevention. This paper will reflect the effectiveness of MBCT from a personal worldview. It will also discuss if MBCT can be utilized in different areas of psychological treatment including: marriage and family therapy, patients with anxiety, culturally diverse groups, and in working with religious patients. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Reaction Paper Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a group therapy treatment that integrates mindfulness and cognitive therapy practices to help individuals that suffer from recurrent depression in the prevention of depression relapse. Zindel Segal, John Teasdale, and Mark Williams developed MBCT, which was adapted from the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) work of Jon Kabat-Zinn at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center for helping people with chronic physical illnesses (Sipe & Eisendrath, 2011). The core element of this treatment modality is mindfulness. MBCT teaches focus on the here and now and to be mindful of the thoughts that are taking place. Mindfulness...
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...Attendance Reaction Support groups play a major part of clients continued recovery and the prevention of relapse. In addition, it also helps to be apart of a group of people whom have walked a similar path as yourself. Thus far in the program I have had the opportunity to attend AA meetings, NA meetings and many other support groups. For this assignment I wanted to explore something new. Within the last week of my practicum I was able to sit in on a national support group called the Depression & Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA). In this paper I will share my reaction to my experience, which will include how the group was structured, what the topic was for the group, how each member provided support, and specific issues the members brought...
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...Screening may be a tool for spotting “red flag,” a way to indicate a more comprehensive assessment is needed (Kaminer 2008). Pg. 99. Psychological problems go together with addiction. Addicted women are most likely to suffer from affective disorders such as depression and anxiety. Another treatment plans the “Relapse Prevention Model” (RP) is the model that I will use with Anna. The Relapse Prevention (RP) model is one of the most well-known models used to prevent or manage relapse. It is an approach based on cognitive-behavioral theory and includes aspects of social learning theory, (Marlatt & Gordon, 1985). Anna’s individual treatment plan for her short-term goals and building skills needs prevention teen pregnancy and of STD’s disease. Once Anna gets released from the juvenile system, the focus will be for her to finish high school. I would have a list of scenarios that could lead to her relapse and have a plan for what Anna should do instead of drinking. Also, I will advise impotence of her taking a sex education class about teen pregnancy and STD’s...
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...Management and Recovery (I-IMR) was developed by adding medical illness self-management training 35,40 to the evidence-based practice of mental illness management & recovery (IMR) consisting of psychoeducation, behavioral tailoring, training in relapse prevention, and cognitive-behavioral techniques. 41-45 For each psychiatric self-management skill module, there is a corresponding medical illness self-management training component including modules on recovery and wellness; common mental and physical health conditions, stress vulnerability, social supports, medication adherence, relapse prevention coping with stress, coping with symptoms of mental and physical distress, substance and medication misuse, and navigating mental health and medical health care delivery systems. In I-IMR, skills training is provided by a specialist guided by modules complemented by healthcare management provided by a nurse or health outreach worker. I-IMR combines four evidence-based psychosocial interventions shown to be effective among people with serious mental illness: (1) psychoeducation, which improves knowledge about mental illness management; (2) behavioral tailoring, which improves medication adherence; (3) relapse prevention training, which decreases relapses and rehospitalizations; and (4) coping skills training, which reduces distress related to symptoms. In a randomized study comparing I-IMR (n = 36) to usual care (n = 35) I-IMR was associated with improved psychiatric illness self-management...
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...Effectiveness of MBCT Introduction Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a recent introduction to the family of cognitive therapy created as a relapse-prevention treatment for depression (Segal et al. 2002). It combines aspects of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) with mindfulness to enhance the client’s awareness so they’re better able to recognise emotional triggers and avoid being drawn into automatic patterns of thinking and behaving. It works by using a process called ‘de-centering’ to disengage from negative feelings of worthlessness, guilt, self-criticism and rumination. The focus is to become aware of all incoming thoughts and feelings and accepting rather than reacting to them. When automatic processes happen, clients are...
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...Relapse prevention plan Name: Institution: Relapse prevention plan Client: XXXX Age: XXXXX Family situation The client under discussion has a weak family support system. The reason why the client’s nuclear family has had it rough is because he is an alcohol addict and has AUD (Alcohol Abuse Disorder). The addiction prevents him from attending to his routine household responsibilities. For instance, when he is drunk, his wife never sleeps on their matrimonial bed. Abuse of alcohol negatively impacts in the religious devotion of an individual (Hedblom, 2007). The client is not in perfect terms with his mother because by being an alcoholic, he is finding it difficult to adhere to his religion, which his mother embraces. His mother has the belief that religion can play a great role in getting rid of the alcohol abuse status. Additionally, the client with his siblings interacts rarely, and that is also attributed to his alcoholism. Agreement to stop using alcohol Besides agreeing to make an appointment with the primary care provider, the client also agrees to attend individual counseling sessions for one hour per day twice a week on every Tuesday and Wednesday. The counseling session will entail the discussion and relationship between alcohol denial and spirituality and the relationship will be connected to alcohol abuse. In the discussion, the counselor will also focus on the after effects of alcoholism to health like liver and heart diseases (A.D.A.M et al., 2013). Crime...
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...Abnormal Psychology - Depression Liberty University Abstract This paper explores depression in abnormal psychology through literature focusing on its history, causes, treatment, prevention, cross-cultural issues, and a Biblical worldview. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has various categories of depression, and it offers particular criteria for the treatment of the different forms of depression. The introduction gives the reader an overview of depression and how it influences the health of an individual in a negative manner. Through its historical context, it is possible to review the progress mankind has made in coming up with effective ways of dealing with depression. Under causes, depression is indicated as being caused by various environmental, psychological, and biological factors. Treating depression necessitates timely medical attention, but it can be prevented through ideal health habits such as exercise and relaxation. Various cross-cultural issues about depression are highlighted, with Christianity offering a spiritual insight into the causes and treatment of depression. Keywords: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), bipolar disorder, neurotransmitters, antidepressants, psychotherapy, cross-cultural diagnostics Introduction Under abnormal psychology, depression is considered a serious illness with a negative influence on both the mental and physical health of an individual. Depression influences how...
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...people in recovery struggle with feelings of depression and anxiety before, during and after rehab. Additionally, many people who have a dual diagnosis struggle with bipolar disorder, panic disorder, schizophrenia and other personality disorders. If you find yourself fighting behavioral health issues at any stage of your recovery process, you are not alone. Understanding Dual Diagnosis and Mental Health Problems in Recovery For many people with major behavioral health disorders, self-medication leads to addiction. Frequently, the symptoms of mental health disorders are uncomfortable and alarming, particularly for people who have bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or other personality disorders. Drinking or using drugs can be a way of coping and calming down symptoms such as voices, hallucinations or delusions. In fact, it is common for people to be diagnosed with mental health problems when they are in recovery for substance abuse. Qualified behavioral health professionals are able to help patients understand their illness and learn healthy coping mechanism that can reduce symptoms. For people with dual diagnosis, recovery can be extremely challenging. As a result, it is extremely important to remain in treatment and build a strong support group and relapse prevention plan. Depression and Anxiety Depression is one of the most common mental health problems for people, not only those in recovery. Feelings of depression can arise when you realize substantial parts...
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...The practice of mindfulness based therapy involves developing the skill of self-regulation, non-judgmental, awareness and acceptance of the present moment including all of the unwanted and negative thoughts, feelings, sensations, and urges that are associated with anxiety (Hoffman, Swayer, Witt & Oh, 2010). This form of therapy aims at reducing relapse in persons with recurrent depression and anxiety, and those vulnerable to episodes of depression and anxiety (Idusohan-Moizer, Sawicka, Dendle & Albany, 2016). MBCT includes simple breathing meditations and yoga stretches which helps individuals in becoming more aware of the present moment and becoming aware of the changes in the mind and body (Idusohan-Moizer et al., 2016).This method of therapy also includes psycho-education on depression and anxiety (Idusohan-Moizer et al., 2016). It also consist of a number of exercises from cognitive therapy that shows the relationship between thinking patterns and styles, feelings and behaviour, and ways individuals can look after themselves when they feel overwhelmed by low mood or anxious thoughts (Idusohan-Moizer et al.,...
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...For instance, A 2012 meta-analysis of combination therapy concluded an antipsychotic plus lithium is superior to lithium monotherapy for acute mania.34 Olanzapine plus fluoxetine is approved for BPD.38 The APA has recommended combination therapy for severe acute mania since 2002.39 For relapse prevention, lithium plus valproate has also been shown to be superior to valproate monotherapy.36 When monotherapy is partially effective or non-effective, combination therapy may have a theoretical advantage in efficacy where complementary mechanisms of action might have a synergistic, potentiating therapeutic effect, imparting some ability to treat a greater spectrum of symptoms.31,34 A potential safety advantage may be gained by allowing lower dosages that may be better-tolerated, though the introduction of multiple drugs generally increases risk of safety...
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...FACTORS AFFECTING DRUG RELAPSE AMONG DRUG DEPENDENTS: BASIS FOR IMPROVED REHABILITATION SERVICES A Research Paper Presented to The Faculty of Lourdes College Cagayan de Oro City In Partial Requirement for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Social Work Batuampar, Haya Bueno, Ma. Margarita Pates Kris CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM Introduction Drug abuse is a rampant social problem. Drug abusers are placed in rehabilitation centers that help the residents recover from abusing drugs. As stated in R.A 9165 Art. II Sec 15 “ A person apprehended or arrested, who is found to be positive for use of any dangerous drug, after a confirmatory test, shall be imposed a penalty of a minimum of six (6) months rehabilitation in a government center”, these residents are then reintegrated into the society after their rehabilitation. But sometimes, these residents turn back to using drugs and undergo relapse. Out of all drug users, 14.72% are readmitted into centers because they undergo relapse. (Dangerous Drug Board, 2012) Marlatt and other studies have shown that people who receive treatment for problematic drug and alcohol use are likely to return or ‘relapse’ to problematic use. In fact Marlatt and Denovan (2005) contend that many will have multiple episodes of abstinence and relapse. According to Marlatt in order for a person to undergo relapse he/she must first experience any high risk situations. The result whether he/she will relapse is able to cope and increase self-efficacy...
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...needs that substance to function normally. Psychological dependence is when a person uses a substance to feel the effect it produces, but their body is not dependent on it. An individual may have biological and psychological characteristics that make them vulnerable to substance abuse. Biological characteristics include genes, gender, and ethnicity. Scientists estimate that genetic factors account for about 40-60 percent of a person’s vulnerability to drug addiction (NIH, 2014). Introducing drugs during adolescence also increases vulnerability due to the brain not being able to make wise decisions. Men are also more likely to become substance abusers. Psychological characteristics include personality disorders, such as anxiety, depression, or schizophrenia. When a person has a personality...
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...autoimmune disorder. Autoimmunity is when the immune system reacts against normal occurring antigens; however, no specific antigen has been identified in MS leading experts into believing that MS is not an autoimmune disorder. (NMSS). The most common type of MS is Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS). About 85% of people who have MS, are initially diagnosed with RRMS. People with this type of MS have temporary periods called relapses, flare-ups or exacerbations which are attacks when new symptoms appear. An attack is followed by recovery when there is few or no signs of symptoms; this is called remission. Most people with RRMS will transition to Secondary-Progressive MS L. Pope 3 (SPMS) at some point. With SPMS, symptoms worsen progressively over time, with or without the occurrences of relapses or remissions. Primary-Progressive MS (PPMS) is uncommon...
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... 333 malingering, 530–531 ‘manic depressive insanity’, 45 manic states, 250, 253 abnormal beliefs and perceptions, 254 amphetamines and, 266 course and outcome, 274 delusional, 16 in HIV patients, 345 in ICD-10, 42 in old age aetiology, 369 clinical features, 370 treatment, 370 in old age, 369–370 mixed state with depression, 255 sensations in, 6 stroke and, 344 stupor in, 31 manic states, 15–17 Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome, 206, 338 Marijuana Anonymous, 239 marital status, and suicide, 454 masculinity drunkenness and, 428 sense of, 395 Massachusetts Male Aging Study, 402 Massachusetts Women’s Health Study (MWHS), 442 masturbation, 396 McNaughton Rules, 558 McNaughton, Daniel, 558 m-CPP 435 , MDMA (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; ‘ecstasy’), 328 medial temporal lobe volume in Alzheimer’s disease, 359 MRI for detecting, 75 medical conditions anxiety disorders in, 170 depression treatment, 521 detection of psychiatric illness, 483 feigned illness, 530–531 mental disorders due to, 327 anxiety disorders, 333 cannabis and psychosis, 330 catatonia, 332 cognitive disorders, 334 delusions, 329 depression and Parkinson’s disease, 332 general principles, 327 hallucinations, 328 mood disorders, 330 personality disorder, 333 psychotic disorder, 328 stimulant psychosis, 329 mental disorders due to, 326–335 relationship to affective change, 270 suicide risk and, 455 medically unexplained symptoms, 523 biological mechanisms, 526 ...
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