...An Overview of Dementia: How It Has Touched My Life Dementia is an illness that occurs when there is a loss of brain function as a result of the presence of certain diseases. Dementia affects a person’s memory, judgment, behavior, thinking, and language. Dementia includes Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and tends to increase the most from the age of 65. Various references and literature in reference to dementia indicate that the number of patients with dementia will increase significantly as society ages, especially within the next three decades. Dementia causes significant family issues and can become a financial burden on patients and their family members. These burdens impair the ability of a person to function independently and also have a tremendous impact on his or her relationships and quality of life. The subject of this paper will discuss an overview of dementia, treatments of dementia, how it affects human lives, and also the affect dementia has had on the life of the writer of this paper An Overview of Dementia: How It Has Touched My Life As a child growing up in the early 1970s, the writer of this paper can recall his neighborhood. It was peaceful and had a several people who were known elderly and considered as senior citizens. The writer of this paper also remembers when the adults of the neighborhood would speak of the elderly and tend to talk the most about their strange behaviors. Although this was often the case, the talk of...
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...DEMENTIA’S Dementia is a vague term used to describe a person that has loss of memory and change in behavior and activities. It goes beyond the forgetfulness and absent minded. It is commonly used In reference to the elderly, when cognitive abilities start to slip from one’s own control. Dementia cannot be diagnosed due to memory loss alone. It must be accompanied by two or more interruptions of brain function. Individuals who suffer from a disease that causes dementia undergo a number of changes. Simple daily tasks such as dressing or bathing may also become a problem. Anything can be a cause for dementia, a stroke, a car accident or even another disease. Here, I will compare four most frequent causes of dementia with four least frequent causes. Dementia is not a specific disease. It's an overall term that describes a wide range of symptoms associated with a decline in memory or other thinking skills severe enough to reduce a person's ability to perform everyday activities. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60 to 80 percent of cases. Vascular dementia, which occurs after a stroke, is the second most common dementia type. But there are many other conditions that can cause symptoms of dementia, including some that are reversible, such as thyroid problems and vitamin deficiencies. Dementia is often incorrectly referred to as "senility" or "senile dementia," which reflects the formerly widespread but incorrect belief that serious mental decline is a normal part of aging. Dementia is...
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...Background Dementia is a term that describes a syndrome/group of syndromes which is categorised by a series of signs and symptoms demonstrated by gradual loss of memory and other weakening of intellectual functions of daily living which is associated with mostly people living aged 65 years and above (Burns 2009). It is a gradual damage of neurological activities which is epitomised by brain cell death over time (DeFina et al., 2013)(National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 2013). There are several forms of dementia which include Alzheimer’s disease, which is the most common type, constituting over 60-70% of the cases (World Health Organisation, 2015). Then other cases include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, front temporal...
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...chronic longer term course that builds over time. Such variation in symptoms leads to observations of discord in patients. “According to the DSM-IV, schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by deteriorating ability to function in everyday life and by some combination of hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, movement disorder, and inappropriate emotional expressions” (Kalat, 2009, p. 449). The positive symptoms fall into two cluster (psychotic and disorganized) and represent behaviors that are distorted version of normal functions. Psychotic symptoms consist of delusions (unsubstantiated beliefs) and hallucinations (hearing voices, seeing things others do not or feeling things that are not there). Disorganized symptoms “consist of inappropriate emotional displays, bizarre behaviors, incoherent speech, and thought disorder” (Kalat, 2009, p. 449). The negative symptoms represent behaviors deficiency or absence that should be present. They include poor motivation, emotional expression, social interactions, cognitive functioning (speech and working memory). The history of schizophrenia starts with attempts to explain and categorize it. In the middle of the 19th century doctors began trying to describe disorders which the causes where unknown that “typically affected the young and often progressing...
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...ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE * Alzheimer's is the most common form of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other intellectual abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases. Bottom of Form * Alzheimer's is not a normal part of aging, although the greatest known risk factor is increasing age, and the majority of people with Alzheimer's are 65 and older. But Alzheimer's is not just a disease of old age. Up to 5 percent of people with the disease have early onset Alzheimer's (also known as younger-onset), which often appears when someone is in their 40s or 50s. * Alzheimer's worsens over time. Alzheimer's is a progressive disease, where dementia symptoms gradually worsen over a number of years. In its early stages, memory loss is mild, but with late-stage Alzheimer's, individuals lose the ability to carry on a conversation and respond to their environment. Alzheimer's is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. Those with Alzheimer's live an average of eight years after their symptoms become noticeable to others, but survival can range from four to 20 years, depending on age and other health conditions. * Alzheimer's has no current cure, but treatments for symptoms are available and research continues. Although current Alzheimer's treatments cannot stop Alzheimer's from progressing, they can temporarily slow the worsening of dementia symptoms and improve quality of life for those with Alzheimer's...
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...Communicable Diseases Communicable diseases spread from one person to another or from an animal to a person. The spread often happens via airborne viruses or bacteria, but also through blood or other bodily fluid. The terms infectious and contagious are also used to describe communicable disease. Examples: 1. HIV/AIDS AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a disease caused by a virus called HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). The illness alters the immune system, making people much more vulnerable to infections and diseases. This susceptibility worsens as the disease progresses. HIV is found in the body fluids of an infected person (semen and vaginal fluids, blood and breast milk). The virus is passed from one person to another through blood-to-blood and sexual contact. In addition, infected pregnant women can pass HIV to their babies during pregnancy, delivering the baby during childbirth, and through breast feeding. HIV can be transmitted in many ways, such as vaginal, oral sex, anal sex, blood transfusion, and contaminated hypodermic needles. Both the virus and the disease are often referred to together as HIV/AIDS. People with HIV have what is called HIV infection. As a result, some will then develop AIDS. The development of numerous opportunistic infections in an AIDS patient can ultimately lead to death. 2. Measles Measles is a highly infectious illness caused by a virus. The virus lives in the mucus of the...
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...[pic] Away From Her Unit Assignment I. Summary of Movie A. Give a summary of the plot and characters and the story that unfolds in this movie. Give a detailed description of the main characters’ personalities, culture, socioeconomic and historical contexts, their relationships, set the stage of “who they are’ when the movie begins, and then tell the story of what happens over the course of the film. Away from Her is a motion picture designed to depict a realistic story of the challenges individuals must face when a family member is diagnosed and is experiencing the effects of Alzheimer's disease. The onset of the film describes the lives of Fiona and Grant Anderson, who had been married for over forty-four years. They lived in Fiona's grandparent's home in Ontario for most of their marriage, and shared similar interests in their hobby's and lifestyle. The movie progresses by depicting their routine ski trekking on a frozen lake and casual readings together. The purpose of depicting aspects of their everyday life was to enhance the sharp contrast in Fiona's behaviors as her Alzheimer's progressed. At first, Grant believed that her moments of forgetfulness were just that, but the occurrences became more drastic over time. The turning point that clearly demonstrated Fiona's Alzheimer development was her wandering across the forest in the freezing cold, where Grant had to drive around town to find her looking at the sights over a bridge far from...
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...Dementia Supporting people with dementia and their carers in health and social care Issued: November 2006 NICE clinical guideline 42 guidance.nice.org.uk/cg42 NICE has accredited the process used by the Centre for Clinical Practice at NICE to produce guidelines. Accreditation is valid for 5 years from September 2009 and applies to guidelines produced since April 2007 using the processes described in NICE's 'The guidelines manual' (2007, updated 2009). More information on accreditation can be viewed at www.nice.org.uk/accreditation © NICE 2006 Dementia NICE clinical guideline 42 Contents Introduction................................................................................................................................... 4 Person-centred care ..................................................................................................................... 6 Key priorities for implementation .................................................................................................. 8 1 Guidance ................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Principles of care for people with dementia ...................................................................................... 11 1.2 Integrated health and social care ..................................................................................................... 17 1.3 Risk factors, prevention and early identification...
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...PATHO Exam 3 Study Guide * Define KEY WORDS (terminology) listed in the syllabus * Answer the OUTCOMES in the syllabus as if they are questions * Review all Activities, Games, extra videos, journal articles, etc. posted in course contents * Review the handouts from class: case studies, matching, charts, etc. Normal Values | Intracranial pressure | 5-10 mm Hg | Blood glucose | 70-130 | Hgb A1c | <5.7% | Thyroid levels | | Parathyroid levels | | Types of bone cells | Osteoblasts | Bone forming cellsThey are responsible for bone growth and repair | Osteocytes | Osteoblasts that have become trapped, imprisoned within mineralized bone matrix (MATURE BONE CELLS) | Osteoclasts | Reabsorb or remove bone during growth and repair (also assist in the release of calcium and phosphate)**bone reabsorption; bone destroying cells | *So, if one is immobilized then the osteoclastic activity is greater than the osteoblastic activity in bone marrow decreases. This is why we have debone mineralization during immobilization. Maintenance of bone integrity | This occurs through remodeling and it is a 3 phase process where existing bone is resorbed and new bone is laid down [repairs bone, does not heal bones] | Phase 1 | Activation phaseThis is where a stimulus occurs, such as a weight baring exercise, causing the formation of osteoclasts | Phase 2 | Resorption This is where osteoclasts form a cutting zone and resorb or remove bone | Phase 3 | Formation...
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...Nursing 122 Fundamentals of Neuro-Sensory nursing --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Review major structures and functions of both central and peripheral nervous system. (Carolyn Jarvis, Physical Examination and Health Assessment, 3rd ed., pages 688-692 Structure and function of the CNS and PNS --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Potter and Perry, Fundamentals of nursing (8th), Chapter 16 p. 210-211 Types of Data --There are two primary sources of data: subjective and objective. Subjective data are your patients’ verbal descriptions of their health problems. Only patients provide subjective data. For example, Mr. Jacobs's report of incision pain and his expression of concern about whether the pain means that he will not be able to go home as soon as he hoped are subjective findings. Subjective data usually include feelings, perceptions, and self-report of symptoms. Only patients provide subjective data relevant to their health condition. The data sometimes reflect physiological changes, which you further explore through objective data collection. --Objective data are observations or measurements...
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...Aggregates/Nuclear inclusions: Villain or tragic hero? Introduction The major defining feature of neurodegenerative diseases is the progressive accumulation of nuclear inclusions comprising of irregularly folded protein aggregates. Previously it was thought that protein aggregation is the cause of neurodegeneration as it had been established that neurodegenerative diseases such Huntington’s disease (HD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), prion disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) all shared a common feature which was these aggregated proteins and the formation of inclusion bodies (Ross and Poirier, 2004). However, recent studies have suggested that protein aggregation may not be the cause of toxicity to cells but that it may in fact be a protective mechanism. The aggregates formed in the above-mentioned diseases can be a consequence of mutations in the sequence of the protein that is related to the disease, increased amounts of a normal protein due to a genetic variation, or even the absence of genetic variations. These may be initiated by environmental stress or aging (Ross and Margolis, 2005). The aggregated proteins can build up and form inclusion bodies, which can be either intracellular or extracellular. There is an ongoing debate about the role of aggregation in the disease process even though one of the most common pathological features of neurodegenerative disorders is inclusion bodies. There is much evidence indicating that aggregation...
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...Gina Doherty PSYC-2130 WW1 The Nun Study Review The article, Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: Lessons From the Nun Study, by David Snowden PhD, published in The Gerontologist in 1997, begins with a warm history of a remarkable nun of the School Sisters of Notre Dame. The author details how Sister Mary was born into a working class family in 1892, was the oldest of 12 children and how her mother died during childbirth. In addition it was noted Sister Mary had an 8th grade Catholic education, joined the convent at 14, and took her vows when she turned 19 years of age. The article went on to describe how Sister Mary’s sibling Clara joined the same religious order, but unfortunately died at age 49. The background stated that her father died at 68 years of age of heart disease. With a very small stature and 85 lbs. the writer portrays Sister as an avid reader, being well-liked and very happy. She had a special interest in global situations, women and children in need, and was also actively involved in her community. This amazing woman taught middle school for 77 years all the while studying during her breaks for her own high school diploma, which she earned with an “A” average after 22 committed years. She continued working with students in a part-time capacity until her mid-eighties, and even after officially retiring still had quite a presence within the convent. When scientists from the University of Kentucky seeking participation in a study on Alzheimer’s approached...
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...Restorative Care Training for the Certified Nursing Assistant Trainer Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Making the Most of the Training Making the Most of the Lesson Plans Making the Most of the Activities Trainer Preparation Welcome Module Activity T1 Welcome to the training Activity T2 Common Rules to Follow Activity T3 Successful Completion Activity T4 You will learn Trainer Preparation Module one Module one Trainer Preparation Module two Module two Trainer Preparation Module three Module three Trainer Preparation Module four Module four Appendix A Feeding Assistance Appendix B Fall Prevention Page T3 Page T3 Page T3 Page T4 Page T5 Page T7 Page T7 Page T8 Page T8 Page 7a Page 8 Page 27a Page 28 Page 35a Page 37 Page 104a Page 105 Page 114 Page 123 T2 Restorative Care; Training for the Certified Nursing Assistant Introduction Welcome to the program Restorative Care. This is the trainer manual used by trainers to teach nurse assistants and home health aides about caring for the person with Restorative issues. This manual accompanies the student manual, Restorative Care. This training is activity based. Participants are encouraged to share in the training process, to talk about relevant experiences if they choose and to ask questions. Making the Most of the Training Program Use this training manual as a guide for training individually or in groups. If you train on an individual basis it will be more effective to brainstorm with them than to use the...
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...Location Services, Bachelor of Information and Communication Technology (Honours), University of Wollongong, 2005,71p. Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: research-pubs@uow.edu.au Ethical Issues arising from the Real Time Tracking and Monitoring of People Using GPS-based Location Services Abstract The Global Positioning System is a constellation of 24 satellites which have the ability to calculate the position, time and velocity of any GPS receiver. Ethical concerns arise when a person carrying a receiver has their location transmitted to second party. This type of tracking has a wide variety of applications including tracking dementia sufferers, tracking parolees and law enforcement. A literature review found that the ethics of GPS tracking has not been thoroughly assessed. This paper investigates the ethical issues arising from the real time tracking of people using GPS-based location services. Usability context analysis and an observational study were the methodology used in this study. Usability context analysis provided insight into GPS tracking over the contexts of care, control and convenience. Its current applications could be seen in the tracking of Alzheimer’s patients, parents tracking children, law enforcement, parolee and sex offenders, terrorist tracking, employee monitoring and...
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...QUALIFICATION HANDBOOK Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (England) (3978-51/52/53/54/55/56) December 2011 Version 3.1 (February 2012) Qualification at a glance Subject area City & Guilds number Age group approved Entry requirements Assessment Fast track Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (England) 3978 19+ There are no entry requirements Portfolio of Evidence, Practical Demonstration/Assignment. Automatic approval is available for centres offering the 3172 Level 4 NVQ in Health and Social Care – Adults 100/4794/3 and the 3078 Level 4 NVQ in Leadership and Management for Care Services 500/4105/8 Learner logbook and Smartscreen Consult the Walled Garden/Online Catalogue for last dates City & Guilds number 3978-51 Accreditation number 600/0573/7 Support materials Registration and certification Title and level Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (Children and Young People’s Residential Management) Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (Children and Young People’s Management) Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (Children and Young People’s Advanced Practice) Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (Adults’...
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