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Describe The Role Of Neurons In The Brain

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The nervous system is made up of many cells that interact with each other to send messages to and from the brain to control the body. These cells are called neurons. A neuron consists of three main parts, the cell body or soma, dendrites, and axon. The soma is the main body structure of the cell, and it contains the nucleus which is the home of the cells genetic makeup. The nucleus is also the center of the cells growth and core functions. Dendrites are branches off the outer edges of the soma. Their role is to receive messages or neurotransmitters from other neurons. The axon is a wire that extends from the soma; it sends outgoing messages to the terminal buttons (small knot like structures at the ends of the axon). Terminal buttons store …show more content…
For example they connect sensory neurons to motor neurons in the spinal cord. Neurons “allow us to interpret the world around us and respond to external stimuli, as well as to organize our behavior, think, feel, and use language.” We are able to do these things because neurons send messages to each other. Neurons contain and are surrounded by ions. Ions are chemical particles that either have a positive or negative electrical charge. Ions move across the cell wall, or cell membrane causing electrochemical changes in the cell, creating an electrical signal to pass down to the axon to form a neural impulse. Two types of positive ions, sodium and potassium are essential in this process. In order to move across the the cell membrane, ions have to pass through small gates. When a neuron has not been stimulated, the gate s are closed, leaving a high amount of positive sodium atoms outside the cell, giving the cell a slightly negative charge, or enacting resting potential. When the cell becomes stimulated by neurotransmitters, the gates at the base of the axon open up. Positive ions rush back into the cell reversing the charge to positive. This process is called

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