...Zaka Mahmood Ethical Concepts in Health Care Davenport University HLTH 230 Patricia Spiegel Abstract Primary health care as we see is an essential base of building our health system. Advanced development and new tools must consist of operational and supportive relations with the primary health care, along with recommending arrangements to ensure the population of their coverage as to their relevant needs, and be dependable with ethical guidelines linked to the public’s health and the health care. Heading The task of this presentation is to collaborate different issues. Consisting of new development in the health sector, critically providing more effective and indifferent health care along with an improving attitude towards the health population, mainly in developing countries. Primary health care as we see is an essential base of building our health system. Advanced development and new tools must consist of operational and supportive relations with the primary health care, along with recommending arrangements to ensure the population of their coverage as to their relevant needs, and be dependable with ethical guidelines linked to the public’s health and the health care. Most importantly, we would not like for the various advances health sector to utilize helplessly or isolate them self’s from one another, but take the effort to interact and advance complementary components of systems that have a global integrated nature. Now, we redirect to the three set of sources...
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...In this essay I will be looking at the social and psychological determinants of health in the client group that I work with. This group is known as one of the most vulnerable group within the society and this is evident in its inequalities in health care. ‘Determinants of health’ is a term introduced in the1970s as part of a wider critique of public health research and policy. It was argued that too much research attention and too much health expenditure were being devoted to individuals and their illnesses and too little invested in populations and their health….. Public health, it was concluded, should be more concerned with social policies and social determinants than with health services and disease outcomes’ (Graham, 2004). The World Health Organisation (WHO) sees ‘inequalities in health care’ as the differences in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different population groups. It can be the differences in mobility between elderly people and younger populations or differences in mortality rates between people from different social classes. Some inequalities in health are attributable to biological variations or free choice and others are attributable to the external environment and conditions mainly outside the control of the individuals concerned. The group of people I work with are people with ‘Learning disabilities’ (LD): “Learning disabilities is a state of arrested or incomplete development of the mind” (DH, 1995). A person with LD...
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...08/10/2014 HEALTH PROMOTION The Effects of Socioeconomic Influences of Health LO1 ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 1 • The notes contained in this PowerPoint presentation will cover LO1 (1.1;1.2;1.3) • Please print notes prior to attending lectures ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 2 1 08/10/2014 Learning Outcomes (LO) On successful completion of this lecture a learner will: LO1: Understand the socio-economic influences on health 1.1 explain the effects of socio-economic influences on health. 1.2 assess the relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in health. 1.3 discuss reasons for barriers to accessing healthcare. ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 3 Unit Content (LO1) Influences: social e.g. disposable income, unemployment, lifestyle choices, environment, access to healthcare facilities, access to information, citizenship status, discrimination. Sources of information: reports and enquiries e.g. Black Report DHSS 1980, Acheson Report ‘Independent Inquiry in ‘Inequalities in Health’ 1998, Health and Lifestyle Surveys (HALS), Health Survey for England (HSFE), census data ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 4 2 08/10/2014 Definitions (Class participation Review) • What is health promotion? • What is public health? • What do we mean by determinant of health? • What do we mean by environmental factors? ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 5 The main determinants of health Dahlgren and Whitehead's model, 1992 Figure 1: adapted from...
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...When the National Health Service was first created in 1948, the main fundamental aim was to make healthcare free and equally accessible to all. This was not only seen as social justice but also a way to remove or significantly reduce the contrast in mortality rate between different social class groups in Britain. However after a review by the Working Group on Inequalities, the Black Report was published in 1980, suggesting that the mortality differentials in social class groups are just as significant as during the beginning years of the NHS. Action needed to be taken in order to identify the causes and how to reduce the mortality differential Morgan et al (1985). “Health inequalities are the differences in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different population...
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...look at how and why researchers may link medical information with other non-medical information, for example, where people live, their income and their education. An understanding of how these factors affect an individual’s health can help us to look beyond the healthcare system for ways to improve the health of New Zealanders. These factors are called the social determinants of health. This essay will take a closer look at some of these social determinants and how they can influence people’s health and well-being. It will also discuss research articles that provide examples of influences of social determinants of health relating to adults. Paragraph 2: SDH approach. Your discussion...
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...The article’s main claim is that social determinants of health (such as income and gender inequality) should be considered in Canadian health policy because they shape a person`s life and link “government policy, the market and the health and well-being of citizens” (Raphael, 2008, p. 232). As such, Raphael cites three barriers that impede the recognition of social determinants in Canadian policy. They are: 1. The dominant biomedical ideology of positivist science based on the empirical evidence, sees health and illness as individual pathology, taken out of social and environmental determinants shaping health (Raphael, 2008, p. 224). 2. The public ideology of individualism isolates health issues as personal responsibilities as opposed...
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...Muda Mura and Muri | Lean Manufacturing Wastes Lean Manufacturing Wastes When people think of waste in manufacturing they usually only think about all of the scrap material that gets thrown away or if your lucky recycled, they often forget about all of the other actions that waste our time, our resources and our MONEY.. When someone who has had some contact with Lean Manufacturing talks about waste they are often talking about Muda, or the seven wastes (or 8+ wastes depending on your definitions), but they often forget the other wastes defined within the Toyota Production System; Mura and Muri. Muda, The Seven Wastes Muda is any activity or process that does not add value, a physical waste of your time, resources and ultimately your money. These wastes were categorized by Taiichi Ohno within the Toyota production system, they are; * Transport; the movement of product between operations, and locations. * Inventory; the work in progress (WIP) and stocks of finished goods and raw materials that a company holds. * Motion; the physical movement of a person or machine whilst conducting an operation. * Waiting; the act of waiting for a machine to finish, for product to arrive, or any other cause. * Overproduction; Over producing product beyond what the customer has ordered. * Over-processing; conducting operations beyond those that customer requires. * Defects; product rejects and rework within your processes. To this list of the original seven...
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...This paper will explore the roles that gender and feminism plays alongside other determinants to affect the health status of Aboriginal Canadian women. Determinants of health refer to the circumstances in which people are born, live, grow, work, and age, that are responsible for most of the health inequalities that exist. Common determinants contributing to sub-par health status include: early child development, education, income, employment, social and physical environment, personal health practices and coping skills, access to health services, racism, and gender. These determinants work alongside Aboriginal-specific determinants like cultural identity, self-determination, and colonialism to create significant health discrepancies compared to non-Aboriginal Canadians. Aboriginal women are at an even greater disadvantage because of the role gender plays on top of the other determinants. The term gender refers to the socially constructed perceptions of feminine and masculine and is not to be confused with sex, which refers to the biological differences between men and women (Steckley and Letts 2010). While the two are different concepts, they are closely related and do influence each other because while biology may condition behaviour, it is in turn conditioned by the social environment (Halseth 2013). Health is also a social construct and issue, rather than simply a medical and technical problem associated with body parts and their functions. Because it is defined by and shaped...
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...Social determinants for the Indigenous population have led to poorer medicinal service’s availability and lower levels of mental and physical health. Developing a domain with fortress from mental and physical abuse as well as offering possibilities for self-awareness is all indispensable for expanded and euphoric lives of Indigenous peoples. There...
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...Introduction In my final paper I will be discussing the health inequality in the social stratification in Canada and how our socioeconomic status can affect our health to be good or poor. Our health is determined by society and what level of power, authority and accomplishment that people achieve in the social hierarchy. In my essay I will be addressing and comparing the health inequalities people in different scale in the social economic face when it comes to income, education, housing, transportation, employment and health service. These are just the few things that effect our ability of achieve good health. I will also explain how race and immigrants can also determines inequalities, when it comes to their health, especially people of color...
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...Martin Luther King Jr. once said, “Of all the forms of inequality, injustice in health is the most shocking and inhumane.” Profound racial and economic disparities in health have long been the norm in the United States. Continuing to perpetuate economic and racial inequalities results in different health outcomes for marginalized communities. Despite efforts to improve healthcare access, racial and economic disparities persist. Unequal health has been an ongoing issue for decades and there are many pieces involved that have created this situation. This paper explores the systemic factors that contribute to racial and economic differences in healthcare, including biases and the lack of diversity in healthcare leadership. Racial inequality is...
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...result in differential access to financial resources for purchasing nutritious foods and even health promotion amenities such as gyms, which, in turn, influences socioeconomic differences in overweight and obesity. Social selection theory has been put forward as another explanation of health disparities including those related to socioeconomic status. Part of the theory is premised on the tendency of people with similar characteristics to form clusters (Arcaya et al, 2015). An example is where individuals with propensity to engage in physical exercises may tend to move to safer suburbs that provide opportunities for walking or jogging, and hence people in those particular...
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...‘Imagining health problems as social issues’ talks about the social origins of health and illness, emergence of bio-medical and social model of health and limitations of bio-medical model which has been explained as follows: The emergence of the biomedical model In 1878, Louis Pasteur (1822–96) was the first person who came up with the idea of ‘germ theory of disease’. This theory stressed the role of germs as the causative agents for the development of disease in the human beings. Robert Koch (1843–1910) refined the idea of germ theory and came up with a term ‘Specific Aaetiology’ (meaning specific cause of disease) in which he stated that every disease is caused by a specific kind of bacteria. The central idea was that...
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...The NHS was set up in 1948 in order to improve the health of the nation. Discuss how effective it has been in reducing inequalities in the UK. The NHS was set up to improve the health of people in the nation in 1948. A major goal of the NHS is to improve equity within health. In the Unitem Kingdom, inequalities remain a top health policy priority. In this assignment I will discuss if the NHS is good or bad at reducing inequalities in health in the UK. Health is defined in many different ways. There are four main models of health which all define health as being different. The World Health Organisation, also known as WHO defines health as ‘Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merley the absence of disease.’...
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...According to world health organization, health is a state of physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not the absence of diseases or infirmity. Health starts at home, school, workplace, neighborhood, and communities. Eating well, no smoking, immunization, screening tests, seeing doctors when we are sick, good food and relationships. (HP 2020 data)The social determinants, these includes (1) Personal income, like if the income is low, it will affect the daily living. (2)social support (3)Education ;for example, the more educated you are the more you are likely to live healthy life style.(4) Employment; like if one is employed, it will determine the geographical location of that individual. (5) working conditions; If there no industry, no job, no schools, there will be unemployment, creating problem to the society. (6)social And physical environment; like if the area, where the water is polluted or swampy area like in sub-urban areas.in social, like in interpersonal relationships or social gatherings, or recreational centers, or fitness centers, health centers, parks, amusement centers, tourist centers to mention a few. All these also determine health. (7) Personal health practices. Like in exercises, eating healthy, having rest, and maintaining quality of good health. (8) Socio-Economic status; like the more money you have ,the more likely you will take care of yourself, eat well, do exercise and under take preventive health and more. (9) Health care rationing (10) Health services (11)...
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