...Delta encoding Delta encoding is a way of storing or transmitting data in the form of differences between sequential data rather than complete files; more generally this is known as data differencing. Delta encoding is sometimes called delta compression, particularly where archival histories of changes are required (e.g., in software projects). The differences are recorded in discrete files called "deltas" or "diffs", after the Unix file comparison utility, diff. Because changes are often small – for example, changing a few words in a large document, or changing a few records in a large table – delta encoding greatly reduces data redundancy. Collections of unique deltas are substantially more space-efficient than their non-encoded equivalents. From a logical point of view the difference between two data values is the information required to obtain one value from the other – see relative entropy. The difference between identical values (under some equivalence) is often called 0 or the neutral element. A good delta should be minimal, or ambiguous unless one element of a pair is present. Simple example Perhaps the simplest example is storing values of bytes as differences (deltas) between sequential values, rather than the values themselves. So, instead of 2, 4, 6, 9, 7, we would store 2, 2, 2, 3, −2. This is not very useful when used alone, but it can help further compression of data in which sequential values occur often. IFF 8SVX sound format applies this encoding to raw...
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...Clostridium Difficlie (C diff) Clostridium Difficlie, also known as C diff, is a bacterium infection that has symptoms of diarrhea but can also have life threatening inflammation of the colon (staff, 2012). C. diff most commonly affects older adults primarily those that are hospitalized or in a long term care setting (staff, 2012). “An epidemic of Clostridium difficle in the United States is now killing some 12,000 patients annually, in part because neither alcohol rubs nor soap and water used in the vast majority of hospitals can effectively remove the spore-forming bacillus from the hands of health care workers, researchers are finding” (Hand hygiene woes impact C.diff response, 2010,pg 76).Let’s explore Clostridium difficle a little, how it is transmitted, the environmental factors, standard treatments and ways to help prevent the spread of Clostridium Difficlie. Clostridium Difficlie bacteria are passed in feces and thru food, they are also on surfaces or objects where people fail to wash their hands when they are infected. These bacteria spores can last in a room for weeks or even months so if you touch an infected surface you can unknowingly ingest the bacteria (staff, 2012). Normally healthy people don’t get sick from the bacteria because your body contains many types of bacteria that will fight off the infection. However, many people get C. diff following a treatment with antibiotics. “The antibiotics that most often lead to C. difficle infections include fluoroquinolones...
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...causes of health care-associated infections. C. diff infections are also emerging in the community and in animals used for food, and are no longer viewed simply as unpleasant complications that follow antibiotic therapy. Since 2001, the prevalence and severity of C. diff infection has increased significantly, which has led to research on C. diff. This research summarizes C. diff background, causes, symptoms, infection occurs, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. This will give the reader some type of aspect about C.diff. Clostridium Difficile Clostridium difficile also known as C. diff is a specific kind of bacterial infection that causes mild very severe forms of diarrhea and colitis. It is a bacteria, not a virus. The infection is often called Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) or Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) to describe a number of related illness, such as diarrhea, colitis, and perforation of the colon (). C. diff produces a toxin that causes the diarrhea and colitis. C. diff is a spore forming bacteria. A spore is a hard shell that certain types of bacteria like C. diff can wear to protect themselves in harsh environments for long periods of time (). The spores can make C. diff more difficult to treat and easier to become more contagious to others. C. diff cannot be treated with standard antibiotics. In fact, most antibiotics will make the infection grow worse. About 80% of people catch C. diff by visiting a hospital or other healthcare facility...
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...To: Vice President Subject: Cultural Influence in Business Psychology Dear Vice President I first want to thank you for sparing some of your valuable time to allow me to share some information with you. I wanted to share some of the cultural differences that Mark will experience when managing front-line plant workers in Japan. Three differences that Mark may experience are: * Language Barriers * Technology * Politics In the United States individuals tend to speak loudly and are more assertive or aggressive when addressing workers or giving direction. Individuals in Japan speak softly and are generally more passive. With language barriers making a conscious effort to be considerate of others can aid in effective communication in the business setting. The increase of conduct business with each other is due to globalization. Technology aids people to connect one another much easier, however it may be easy for most but there are individuals that are completely lost when it comes to technology. Another thing to consider is the time zone differences. Yes you may be able to video chat with someone in Japan they are not in the same time zone as you are, so ensuring to conduct whatever form of communication you choose is considerate of the time difference. The way a company conducts business can be affected by political influences. Some cultures pose a strong sense of government pride, and nationalism. Other cultures tend to negotiate with companies that have minimum...
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...Many people have noticed that students have different learning styles. Some people listen attentively to a lecture, while others appear to zone out Some learners will be enthralled with a visual Power Point Presentation, while others are busy righting notes. Still others want to practice the skill , using their own hand. Then there is always the student who can't sit still. These are the four basic learning styles: Verbal, visual, tactile, and kinesthetic Some experts group tactile and kinesthetic learners together while others don't. Visual Learner A visual learned needs to see information. These students get bored with lectures.They are the students who love to look at the visuals in their textbooks. Visual learners prefer their learning material to be in pictures, graphs and charts. The visual learner does well with movies, Power Points with lots of pictures and charts, and maps. They are more apt to think in pictures. They like to make their reading assignments visual, with notes, sticky notes, and margin notes. Auditory Learner The auditory learner is the student who likes to listen to lectures. They will remember what they hear over what they see. These students do well in group discussions, and like to work in groups. The auditory learner will often read out loud, as they need to hear the words they are reading. These are the students who like to record their lectures and listen to them later. Tactile Learner A student who is always touching things is a tactile...
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...Page 1 – ASIA PACIFIC 2012 Copyright © ESOMAR 2012 “SO MANY DIFFERENT SUNS” HOW SUCCESSFUL BRANDS HIT THE CONFLUX OF AFFORDABILITY AND ASPIRATION Shobha Prasad • Sangeeta Gupta INTRODUCTION All of us are familiar with the current industry focus on emerging markets. It is also no surprise that the larger consuming population in these markets lies not at the top end, but towards the middle and lower ends of the income pyramid. This is also where marketers struggle the most – how should the offer be constructed to ensure it is affordable yet desirable? The proposed Theory of Multiple Aspiration & Poverty Lines (MAPL) represented a new and stratified approach to understanding affluence, poverty and aspiration. This has many implications on brand positioning and portfolio strategies for creation of winning brands or “suns”. Objective The objective of this paper was to take this thinking forward through an exploration as follows: Broadly, what are the implications of the Multiple Aspiration & Poverty Lines (MAPL) theory for brand positioning, communication and portfolio management? What drives brand success in the Indian context? What strategies have these brands used to achieve success- to what degree are these brands wedded to symbols of aspiration /belongingness in each social class? How did the brands that were not so successful in the Indian market falter on making the right connections on these dimensions? Approach We identified product categories through which...
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...“Clostridium difficile, commonly known as C. diff, is one of the nation’s leading health care acquired infections. C. diff infections occur when someone is exposed to the pathogen while receiving antibiotic treatment for some other illness. Antibiotics suppress the normal bacteria in the colon, allowing C. diff to flourish, producing toxins that cause severe diarrhea.”1 While, the thought of severe diarrhea may just sound unfortunate, the staggering number of people infected, and die from this infection is not only surprising but also frightening. The Center of Disease Control and Prevention released a study showing that almost half a million C. diff infections occurred in the United States in a year, with about 29,000 patients dying within...
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...Clostridium difficile, or C-diff is a bacterial infection that causes severe inflammation to the colon. About 500,000 Americans develop Clostridium difficile and 14,000 of those people die. Due to this it is a serious problem. Many expensive antibiotics have been used to cure this disease, but they failed. Canadian researchers discovered a new way to hopefully cure C-diff. They found a safe and healthy to put people’s “poop” into pills. This method was used in 27 patients, all of them were cured. These fecal transplants only come from healthy, well suited donors. The poop restores good bacteria to the patient's body which destroys the infection and prevents future infections. There really isn't poop in these pills, just the bacteria, which...
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...DIFFERENCES IN COMPETENCIES BETWEEN NURSES PREPARED AT ASSOCIATE DEGREE LEVEL VS BACCALAURATE LEVEL. The development in research and advancement in technology demands highly qualified individuals in many professions especially in the health care industry There are three ways to become an RN such as a nursing diploma program offered by hospitals. 2 -year associate degree usually offered at community colleges and a 4 year baccalaureate in nursing offered at colleges and universities. After World war II, demand for nurses grew dramatically in United States to meet the severity of the shortage. The faculty was forced to develop new entry level nursing program to prepare nurse technicians in a two year associate degree. (Creasia, 2011). In this paper, we are going to discuss the differences in competencies between a nurse who holds an associate degree versus a baccalaureate degree. Education differences between associate and baccalaureate degree nursing In addition to all the course work taught in associate degree nursing, BSN nurses are taught more "in depth treatment of physical and social sciences, nursing, research, public health, community health, nursing management and humanities" (Rosseter , 2013). These additional courses make a BSN nurse to grow in their profession, and to better understand cultural, political ,economic and social issues that affect patient and influence healthcare. So these different level graduate nurses perform from the same platform...
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...a(n): 1. _______ A) attribute. B) key field. C) tuple. D) field. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 230 2. The data hierarchy goes from bits and bytes to: 2. _______ A) fields, records, files, and databases. B) entities, attributes, fields, and records. C) records, entities, fields, and databases. D) fields, attributes, entities, and records. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 230 3. In a ________ database, parts of the database are stored and maintained physically in one location and other parts are stored and maintained in other locations. 3. _______ A) fragmented B) contiguous C) split D) partitioned Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 242 4. The type of logical database model that treats data as if they were stored in two-dimensional tables is the: 4. _______ A) network DBMS. B) hybrid DBMS. C) relational DBMS. D) hierarchical DBMS. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 236 5. Activities for detecting and correcting data in a database or file that are incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or redundant are called: 5. _______ A) data cleansing. B) data auditing. C) data fragmentating. D) data verifying. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 244 6. The popular specification for transferring information between a Web server and...
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...gradual, long-term, up or down movement of demand. Answer Diff: 1 Page Ref: 682 Main Heading: Forecasting Components Key words: trend, forecasting components 2) A seasonal pattern is an up-and-down repetitive movement within a trend occurring periodically. Answer Diff: 2 Page Ref: 682 Main Heading: Forecasting Components Key words: seasonal pattern, forecasting components 3) Random variations are movements that are not predictable and follow no pattern. Answer Diff: 2 Page Ref: 682 Main Heading: Forecasting Components Key words: random variations, forecasting components 4) The basic types of forecasting methods include time series, regression, and qualitative methods. Answer Diff: 2 Page Ref: 683 Main Heading: Forecasting Components Key words: types of forecasting methods 5) Time series is a category of statistical techniques that uses historical data to predict future behavior. Answer Diff: 1 Page Ref: 683 Main Heading: Forecasting Components Key words: time series analysis 6) Regression methods attempt to develop a mathematical relationship between the item being forecast and factors that cause it to behave the way it does. Answer Diff: 2 Page Ref: 683 Main Heading: Forecasting Components Key words: regression methods 7) Qualitative methods use management judgment, expertise, and opinion to make forecasts. Answer Diff: 2 Page Ref: 684 Main Heading: Forecasting Components Key...
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...inelastic. C) unitarily elastic. D) income elastic. Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: F 2) Price is determined entirely by demand when A) demand is downward sloping. B) demand is perfectly inelastic. C) supply is perfectly inelastic. D) supply is perfectly elastic. Answer: C Diff: 2 Type: D 3) When supply is perfectly inelastic, A) price is determined solely by supply. B) price is determined solely by demand. C) only the government can set the price. D) the price may be set by either supply or demand. Answer: B Diff: 2 Type: D 4) A ________ line is a perfectly price elastic demand curve. A) horizontal B) vertical C) positively sloped D) negatively sloped Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: F 5) A ________ line is a perfectly price inelastic demand curve. A) horizontal B) vertical C) positively sloped D) negatively sloped Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: F 6) When the price of radios increases 5%, quantity demanded decreases 5%. The price elasticity of demand for radios is A) perfectly inelastic. B) elastic. C) inelastic. D) unitary elastic. Answer: D Diff: 2 Type: D 7) When the price of fresh fish increases 5%, quantity demanded...
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...the spending and taxing policies used by the government to influence the economy. D) the government's ability to regulate a firm's behavior in the financial markets. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Government in the Economy Skill: Definition 2) Which of the following is NOT a category of fiscal policy? A) government policies regarding the purchase of goods and services B) government policies regarding taxation C) government policies regarding money supply in the economy D) government policies regarding transfer payments and welfare benefits Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Government in the Economy Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 3) What determines tax revenues? A) the income tax rate B) the rate of interest C) the money supply in the economy D) the rate of inflation Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Government in the Economy Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 4) Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding tax revenues? A) they increase during recessions B) they change with changes in the tax rate C) they are a revenue source in the government's budget D) they increase the rate of interest Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Government in the Economy Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 5) During recessions, government spending usually A) decreases...
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...customers' needs. E) Marketing is used by for-profit and not-for-profit organizations. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 2 and 4 Skill: Concept 2) According to the opening scenario, the Tide marketing team is MOST concerned about which of the following? A) maintaining its brand share B) fostering customers' emotional connections with their product C) advertising their product's benefits D) comparing the effectiveness of their product to other brands E) incorporating consumer-generated marketing in the marketing mix Answer: B 3) According to management guru Peter Drucker, "The aim of marketing is to ________." A) create customer value B) identify customer demands C) make selling unnecessary D) set realistic customer expectations E) sell products Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Skill: Concept 4) ________ is defined as a social and managerial process by which individuals and organizations obtain what they need and want through value creation and exchange. A) Selling B) Advertising C) Bartering D) Marketing E) Negotiating Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Skill: Concept 5) Which steps of the five-step marketing process are about understanding customers, creating customer value, and building strong customer relationships? A) the first two only B) the first three only C) the first four only D) the last three only E) the last four only Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 AACSB: Communication Skill: Concept 6) When marketers set low expectations...
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...stock calculations. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Global company profile Objective: no LO 2) A major challenge in inventory management is to maintain a balance between inventory investment and customer service. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: The importance of inventory Objective: no LO 3) Which item to order and with which supplier the order should be placed are the two fundamental issues in inventory management. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: The importance of inventory Objective: no LO 4) One function of inventory is to take advantage of quantity discounts. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Functions of inventory Objective: no LO 5) Work-in-process inventory is devoted to maintenance, repair, and operations. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Functions of inventory Objective: no LO 6) ABC analysis classifies inventoried items into three groups, usually based on annual units or quantities used. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Managing inventory Objective: LO12-1 7) In ABC analysis, "A" Items are the most tightly controlled. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Managing inventory Objective: LO12-1 1 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc 8) ABC analysis is based on the presumption that carefully controlling all items is necessary to produce important inventory savings. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Managing inventory Objective: LO12-1 9) Cycle counting is an inventory control technique exclusively used for cyclical items. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Managing inventory Objective:...
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