...A Review of the effect of fuel injection strategies on the performance and Emissions in HCCI engine Name: Institution: Keywords: HCCI engine, Fuel injection strategies, performance, emissions Introduction. Internal combustion (IC) engines have a wide range of application; therefore, reduction of emissions levels is an important design consideration [1]. Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is as an attractive alternative that offers various advantages in internal combustion engines including the potential for significant reduction in PM and NOx as well as increased diesel efficiencies [2-4]. The HCCI technique involves the compression of a homogeneous mixture of fuel and air until auto-ignition occurs followed by Combustion that is considerably faster than Spark Ignition (SI) combustion [6]. The HCCI’s engine performance (including brake thermal efficiency, combustion phasing and emissions levels) is commonly predicted using numerical methods. Hairuddin et al [5] discuss the various strategies used in numerical method (such as multi zone and single zone models turbulence model and mixing model) and injection methods of predicting performance among other issues related to the HCCI engine. Various studies have shown that the can improve the thermal efficiency of the engine while simultaneously maintaining low levels of emissions and that HCCI technology can be realized by modifying either CI or SI engines using several fuel combinations [7,8]. In...
Words: 7518 - Pages: 31
...that diesel was the only way to deliver significant fuel economy improvements in trucks. However, the growing emergence of direct-injected and turbocharged gasoline engines have made the fuel economy difference between gas and diesel engines much smaller than before. Seredynski said that regardless of fuel, the end goal is the same: maximum power from the minimum amount of fuel. The Ram 1500 Eco Diesel is the current full size pickup mileage champ at 20/28 mpg in EPA testing, but Ford's new 2.7L Eco Boost V-6 gas engine is likely not be far behind. Another enabling technology that has increased economy on both gas and diesel engines are transmissions with much higher gear counts, with six speeds now considered the bare minimum, just as eight-speeds and higher are starting to become the norm. Refinement: Gas, But Barely Diesel engines have evolved tremendously over the last 20 years in almost every area, but perhaps the most impressive strides have been made in the area of noise, vibration and harshness. In the '80s and '90s, it was not uncommon to have to turn your engine off in the drive-through so the cashier could hear your order. On some of today's trucks, the engine type is almost unnoticeable from the driver seat. The biggest enabler of this is vastly more refined injection technology, which has made diesels nearly the peer of their gasoline counterparts. In the case of direct fuel injection, the technology has had a different effect on gasoline and diesel engines. While...
Words: 1403 - Pages: 6
...Petrol engine general gasoline spray into the air inlet pipe with air mixed be combustible mixture into the cylinder, spark plug combusts expansion work. People usually call it spark ignition engines. And is generally through the fuel injection pump and diesel engine fuel injection nozzle, direct injection diesel engine cylinder and the cylinder Canon of compressed air mixing, spontaneous combustion under high temperature and high pressure, forces the pistons to work. The engine is often called compression ignition engine. Petrol engine cars with high speed (cars use gasoline engine speed can be as high as 5000-5000 r/min, trucks with gasoline engine up to about 4000 RPM) light quality, working with low noise, easy starting, manufacture and maintenance cost low characteristic, therefore, in the car and, minivans and is widely used on military off-road vehicles. The deficiency is the fuel consumption is higher, and poor fuel economy. Diesel cars with high compression ratio, average about 30% less than Petrol engine car fuel consumption, so the better fuel economy. Such as the recently listed faw Volkswagen production TDI1.7 diesel cars than 1.6 litres of petrol cars 2 liter per hundred kilometers can save. General freight most used diesel engine. Diesel engine's weakness is speed was lower than those of gasoline engines (generally the highest speed in 2500-3000 revolutions per minute), quality, manufacturing and maintenance of the high cost of (because of the high fuel injection...
Words: 2738 - Pages: 11
...significantly affect human as well as other animal species' ability to control and adapt to their natural environments. Rudolf Diesel and his invention diesel engine is the object of the paper. The goal of the paper is to analize this invention, talk about Rudolf Diesel and his theory of diesel engine, its advantages and disadvantages, types and working principles. The diesel engines of today are refined and improved versions of Rudolf Diesel's original concept. They are often used in submarines, ships, locomotives, and large trucks and in electric generating plants. Technology has affected society and its surroundings in a number of ways. In many societies, technology has helped develop more advancedeconomies (including today's global economy) and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. Many technological processes produce unwanted by-products, known as pollution, and deplete natural resources, to the detriment of the Earth and its environment. Contents INTRODUCTION 4 1. Rudofl Diesel. Biography 5 2. HISTORY 6 3. How diesel engines work 7 3.1. Early fuel injection systems 7 3.2. Mechanical and electronic injection 8 3.3. Direct injection 8 4. Types 9 4.1. Size Groups. 9 4.2. Basic Types of Diesel Engines 9 4.3. Gas generator 10 4.4. Modern High- and Medium-speed Engines 10 5. Advantages and disadvantages versus spark-ignition...
Words: 3762 - Pages: 16
...Dimensional Simulation of Combustion Process of a DI Diesel Engine Fuelled With Biofuels Donepudi Jagadish, Ravi Kumar Puli and K. Madhu Murthy Abstract—A zero dimensional model has been used to investigate the combustion performance of a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine fueled by biofuels with options like supercharging and exhaust gas recirculation. The numerical simulation was performed at constant speed. The indicated pressure, temperature diagrams are plotted and compared for different fuels. The emissions of soot and nitrous oxide are computed with phenomenological models. The experimental work was also carried out with biodiesel (palm stearin methyl ester) diesel blends, ethanol diesel blends to validate simulation results with experimental results, and observed that the present model is successful in predicting the engine performance with biofuels. Keywords—Biofuels Zero Dimensional Modeling, Engine Performance, Engine Emissions I. INTRODUCTION C OMPUTER simulation has contributed enormously towards new evaluation in the field of internal combustion engines. Mathematical tools have become very popular in recent years owing to the continuously increasing improvement in computational power. Diesel engines occupy a prominent role in the present transportation and power generation sectors. There have been many methods tried and are in use to reduce pollutant emissions from a diesel engine. The main options to reduce pollutants are the usage...
Words: 3921 - Pages: 16
...heat and light. Combustion on SI engines is a flame front moving through a homogenous mixture whereas Combustion on CI engines occurs on the fuel injection which is an unsteady process simultaneously on many spots of a non- homogenous mixture. Air taken into the engine is un-throttled with engine torque and power output controlled by the amount of fuel injected per cycle. On the second phase of the stroke (i.e. the compression stroke) , only the air is contained in the cylinder. Compression ratio on CI engine is much higher than the SI engine which is 12 to 24 and 8 to 12 respectively. In...
Words: 1072 - Pages: 5
...Euro 4 and Beyond –Role of Diesel Fuel Injection Systems Dr. Gerhard Ziegler General Manager (R&D and Application) Motor Industries Co. Copyright © 2004 SAE International ABSTRACT The Euro 4 emission norms can be achieved by the wellnd rd known 2 and 3 generation Common Rail Systems of BOSCH. The beyond Euro 4 emission legislation is a challenging goal for diesel engine manufacturers. Lowest emissions with highest engine performance, namely high specific power output, petrol like noise levels, benchmarking low fuel consumption and attractive costs are the targets for development activities of the future engines. Key for the success will be sophisticated fuel injection system which supports all the above mentioned targets. Therefore, BOSCH did launch very early a fundamental project defining the requirements for future injection systems with regard to mixture preparation, maximum injection pressure, rate shaping capability and multiple injections. Using several versatile prototype injection systems a comprehensive engine investigation was accomplished to optimise the system configuration to meet the above targets of diesel engines. Applying the criteria of performance, manufacturing robustness, lifetime durability and costs, the variety has been reduced to a hydraulically amplified diesel injection system, which works with hydraulically amplified injectors. This concept together with a potential evaluation for two different Euro 5 scenarios is given in this paper. Figure...
Words: 4430 - Pages: 18
...The diesel engine (also known as a compression-ignition or CI engine) is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel that has been injected into the combustion chamber is initiated by the high temperature which a gas achieves when greatly compressed (adiabatic compression). This contrasts with spark-ignition engines such as a petrol engine (gasoline engine) or gas engine (using a gaseous fuel as opposed to petrol), which use a spark plug to ignite an air-fuel mixture. A Diesel engine built by MAN AG in 1906 The diesel engine has the highest thermal efficiency (engine efficiency) of any practical internal or external combustion engine due to its very high expansion ratio and inherent lean burn which enables heat dissipation by the excess air. A small efficiency loss is also avoided compared to two-stroke non-direct-injection gasoline engines since unburnt fuel is not present at valve overlap and therefore no fuel goes directly from the intake/injection to the exhaust. Low-speed diesel engines (as used in ships and other applications where overall engine weight is relatively unimportant) can have a thermal efficiency that exceeds 50%.[1][2] Diesel engines are manufactured in two-stroke and four-stroke versions. They were originally used as a more efficient replacement for stationary steam engines. Since the 1910s they have been used in submarines and ships. Use in locomotives, trucks, heavy equipment and electricity generation plants followed later. In the 1930s...
Words: 307 - Pages: 2
...PETROL INJECTION SYSTEM UINT NO: 8 ASSIGNMENT: 1 TASK: 1 EXPLAN THE OPERATION OF MULTI POINT AND SINGLE POINT PETROL INJECTION SYSTEM USED ON MODERN FUEL INJECTED ENGINES THERE ARE TWO TYPE OF FUEL INJECTION: Multi point fuel injection Single point fuel injection Sequential fuel injection Direct injection Carburetor WHAT IS FUEL INJECTOR? It is the driver turns the ignition key on the energizes a relay that supplies voltage to the fuel pump The motor inside the pump starts to spin and runs for a few seconds to build pressure in the fuel system a timer in the pump will run until the engine starts Fuel is drawn into the pump through an inlet...
Words: 1760 - Pages: 8
...A petrol engine (known as a gasoline engine in North America) is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition, designed to run on petrol (gasoline) and similar volatile fuels. It was invented in 1876 in Europe. In most petrol engines, the fuel and air are usually pre-mixed before compression (although some modern petrol engines now use cylinder-direct petrol injection). The pre-mixing was formerly done in a carburetor, but now it is done by electronically controlled fuel injection, except in small engines where the cost/complication of electronics does not justify the added engine efficiency. The process differs from a diesel engine in the method of mixing the fuel and air, and in using spark plugs to initiate the combustion process. In a diesel engine, only air is compressed (and therefore heated), and the fuel is injected into very hot air at the end of the compression stroke, and self-ignites. With both air and fuel in a closed cylinder, compressing the mixture too much poses the danger of auto-ignition — or behaving like a diesel engine. Because of the difference in burn rates between the two different fuels, petrol engines are mechanically designed with different timing than diesels, so to auto-ignite a petrol engine causes the expansion of gas inside the cylinder to reach its greatest point before the cylinder has reached the "top dead center" (TDC) position. Spark plugs are typically fired 10 degrees or so of crankshaft rotation before the piston reaches TDC, to allow...
Words: 409 - Pages: 2
...INTRODUCTION 1.1 History of IC Engines: The machines that produce power or energy are called engines. The engines work as prime movers meaning “producers of motion”. There are other machines which are run by prime movers. Engines have become well known these days because of widespread popularity of automobile – the cars, trucks, buses and motor cycles are machines that are used for transport almost by everybody and everywhere. Doubtless no other engineering wonder can claim such wider use and engines provide the power for automobile. There are of course other uses of these engines also. Engines in general are reciprocating and rotary, the latter are commonly recognized as turbines, though there are some which are not turbine. An engine which was first introduced perhaps used a hot air which expanded on top of a piston. It was steam at high pressure which was then used against the piston which was pushed and moved in a cylinder linearly. The engine piston was connected to a crank through connecting rod caused the crank to rotate about its axis. Thus rotary motion is generated. An engine would definitely need an expanding medium which will push the piston when expanding. The expanding medium will have to be at higher temperature and pressure. The heat required for increasing the temperature and pressure of expanding medium can be given to the medium outside the cylinder in which the piston moves. In such a case the engine is called external combustion...
Words: 8545 - Pages: 35
...INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel (normally a fossil fuel) occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion engine (ICE) the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion apply direct force to some component of the engine. The force is applied typically to pistons, turbine blades, or a nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance, transforming chemical energy into useful mechanical energy. The first commercially successful internal combustion engine was created by Étienne Lenoir. The term internal combustion engine usually refers to an engine in which combustion is intermittent, such as the more familiar four-stroke and two-stroke piston engines, along with variants, such as the six-stroke piston engine and the Wankel rotary engine. A second class of internal combustion engines use continuous combustion: gas turbines, jet engines and most rocket engines, each of which are internal combustion engines on the same principle as previously described. The ICE is quite different from external combustion engines, such as steam or Stirling engines, in which the energy is delivered to a working fluid not consisting of, mixed with, or contaminated by combustion products. Working fluids can be air, hot water, pressurized water or even liquid sodium, heated in some kind of boiler...
Words: 1683 - Pages: 7
...Pedro Bay Ports’ (SPBP) Clean Air Action Plan (CAAP) measure OGV6 which focuses on the introduction of ECS into the fleets of ships that calls the Port of Long Beach (POLB) and the Port of Los Angeles (POLA). The goal of the measure is to encourage existing ships to meet or achieve better than the International Maritime Organization (IMO) MARPOL Annex VI marine engine Tier 3 emission limits. This will reduce emissions associated with the ships as they transit the region during arrivals and departures. Introducing ECS can have co‐benefits, such as alternative compliance with federal, state, and CAAP measures. ECS can be divided into the following major categories: * Engine technologies * Engine support technologies * After-treatment technologies * Alternative fuels * Alternative supplemental power systems * Ship-related efficiencies While several of these technologies have their basis in the stationary source (power plants, refineries, etc.) and land‐side mobile source arenas, the marine environment poses some significant challenges. These include variable engine loads, a corrosive sea environment, low engine loads brought about by vessel speed reduction (VSR) programs, onboard space limitations and access, and remote operational phases (at sea), among others. Therefore, technology providers need to engineer and plan for these variables when transitioning a technology from one arena to another....
Words: 1776 - Pages: 8
...International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 IssueISSN: 2278-0181 2, February- 2013 Reduction 0f NOx Emissions with Three - Way Catalytic Converter For IDI Engine Fuelled With Diesel, JSVO and Their Blends P. Suresh Kumar1, Aditya Bhatnagar2, P. K. Sahoo3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India 2 [ M. Tech-Energy Systems ] University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India 1&3 Abstract: Petroleum based fuels are obtained from limited reserves. IIJJE ER RT T fulfill emission in certain is receiving control catalytic converters in order to future ultra-low exhaust way These are finite reserves which are highly concentrated standards. Three catalytic converter is an effective technique to reduce NOx emissions from diesel engines because of Rh being used as catalyst helps to release the oxygen atoms stored in NOx in the reduction reaction. After these studies succeeded in reducing the NOx emissions from biodiesel by regions of the world. Currently Jatropha biodiesel attention as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. The subject of the research presented in this thesis was the development new strategies for automotive three way www.ijert.org 1 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 IssueISSN: 2278-0181 2, February- 2013 three way catalytic converter without a significant change of BTE, BSFC...
Words: 3321 - Pages: 14
...In 1878, Rudolph Diesel was attending the Polytechnic High School of Germany when he learned about the low efficiency of gasoline and steam engines. This information inspired him to create an engine with a higher efficiency, and he spent much of his time developing a “Combustion Power Engine.” By 1892 Diesel had obtained a patent for what we now call the diesel engine. The invention of the diesel engine made our economy run in a more efficient way than anyone ever thought possible. (Brain, “How Diesel Engines Work”) When Diesel obtained the patent for the diesel engine in 1892, it opened up the economies of many countries for greater success. It was invented because the gasoline and steam engines of the day were not efficient according to standard. Diesel also made efforts to reduce pollutants and emissions but was unsuccessful. (Rudolph’s Revenge) A huge question arises when talking about diesel engines. What is the difference between gasoline and diesel engines and how do they work? In some ways, diesel and gasoline engines are quite similar. They are both internal combustion engines designed to convert the chemical energy available in fuel to mechanical energy. This mechanical energy moves pistons up and down inside cylinders. The pistons are connected to the crankshaft, and the up and down motion of the pistons creates the motion needed to turn the wheels of a car forward. However, the major difference between diesel and gasoline is the way these combustions happen. In...
Words: 902 - Pages: 4