...Race and Crimes Raymond Washington Strayer University CRJ 105 Crime And Criminal Behavior Dr. Robert Roth October 19, 2015 In America today race plays a major role on how disciplines of criminology and criminal justice are used. Especially for African Americans who made up roughly 27 percent of arrest in the United States which is 1 out of 4 of every young black male. Research shows that this problem it’s only becoming worse and the outcome of a racist criminal justice system could lead to more unwarranted arrest. Race is a relatively arbitrarily social defined status. In the United States race and ethics classification system have inherent a problem of biased, racial profiling and discrimination. This contention revolves on why and how some racial minorities has been over the years, which as led to a persistently disproportionate representation in the natures crime figures including the prison population. For example, arrest for violent crimes in 2002 were a disproportionately 38 percent for Black whose portion of the National for population according to the 2000 census data, stood at 12.3 percent. Also race plays a part in how policing and racial profiling to sentences and corrections are conducted. An example of racial profiling comes in from Maryland (Prince Georges County) according to The Washington Post reported that, "in May 2001 federal prosecutors charged a county police officer with releasing her police dog on an unarmed Mexican immigrant as part of a pattern...
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...Japanese military to surrender the war. One British philosopher, AC Grayling, argues that the nuclear bombing of Japan was a moral crime because there is never a justifiable reason to attack civilians. The atomic bombing of Japan was unethical because it killed civilians, was a disproportionate attack for just conduct of war, and was a violation of human rights. It is immoral that United States targeted Japanese civilians with the atomic bomb to cripple the morale of the military. United States knew the bombs would kill hundreds of thousands of innocent civilians in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but they still annihilated the cities to attain Japan’s unconditional surrender in World War II. It was disregard for the moral right and AC Grayling states, Deliberately bombing cities and towns to kill and terrorize civilians, not all of whom are engaged in manufacturing arms or aiding their country’s military, and many of whom were children and elderly folk - and at the same time destroying the culture and necessities of the people contravenes every moral and humanitarian principle debated in connection with the just conduct of war. (245-246) The focus of war should be defeating the enemy’s military, but America attacked Japan’s civilians to be victorious in the war. This is morally wrong because the civilians were not the people that wanted to fight America, but they were killed because it would lower Japanese morale. This event may have forced...
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...disparity in America’s prison system. More than 60 percent of people in prison are now racial and ethnic minorities. For black males in their thirties, one in every ten is in prison or jail on any given day. These trends have been intensified by the disproportionate impact of the “war on drugs,” in which two thirds of all persons in prison for drug offenses are people of color. Guerin, P., Harrison, (2011) Washington, D.C: Bureau of Justice statistics. American prisons have a disparity of minority inmate population. Is this trend due to a higher rate of minority crimes, or the manner in which the judicial system operates? Some people have negative views about the people in the inner cities where disproportionate numbers of impoverished and African Americans live. Robert Right, an evolutionary psychologist believed the high rate of young African American men in prison is due to their adaptation to poverty. Conservatives think poverty is due to African American sub culture that is pathologic. Harvard professor James Wilson claimed, “The reason why it is called an underclass is that its members have a bad character: they mug, do drugs, and desert children.” (Miller,1996). There is a recurring idea that the inner cities are full of crime and therefore unsafe. The social conditions in which people in the inner city endure are tough. With the deindustrialization and globalization starting in the 1970s, the inner city was hurt the most. They lost many of the industrial jobs and were...
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...Jefferson Chen Professor Queen Writing 39C 21 February 2013 Essay of Prospective Claims: Michelle Alexander discusses how mass incarceration has ruined and dismantled many lives of young African Americans. The problem she discusses so passionately in her book is a relevant problem in our society today. Ever since Ronald Reagan’s presidency and forward, campaigns have been targeting crime and especially rug related crimes. While it is clear that many of these young African Americans are going to prison due to drug related crimes, stopping the war on drugs altogether is not the solution. Although stopping the drug war may seem efficient for stopping the incarceration of young blacks in the present, it does not guarantee that these same people will not commit other crimes. The cost for stopping the drug war is allowing drug usage and distribution to run rampant which can cause the society and the neighborhoods around the areas to become unsafe. Alexander discusses how there is no way around this issue and dismantling the system of mass incarceration is the only resolution; however if these poor neighborhoods were funded with government money, drug abuse can potentially become lower or even be stopped. Alexander is also discussing how a handful of reforms cannot be a solution to the problem. She argues that all the financial grants that are given to police departments for drug arrests and racial profiling should be halted. She believes that by halting the funding and supplies...
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...wash, or how we could reduce crime if wanted to from chapter one in the textbook. 2. According to the Rich Get Richer and Poor Get Prison, what causes crime? How and why do the authors distinguish a “cause” from a “source” of crime? What conditions make crime more likely? 3. According to the Rich Get Richer and Poor Get Prison, what excuses have been given for our inability to reduce the amount of crime we have? How do you evaluate these excuses? 4. Discuss all of the “isms” produced by Capitalism. How do the “isms” related to crime and punishment in the United States? 5. From chapter two (Rich Get Richer and Poor Get Prison), what is meant by likening the criminal justice system to a carnival mirror? 6. From chapter two (page 67) (Rich Get Richer and Poor Get Prison), discuss the five hypotheses about the way in which the public’s image of crime is created. How are the hypotheses relevant to the disproportionate involvement of racial minorities in the criminal justice system? 7. From chapter two (page 71), (Rich Get Richer and Poor Get Prison), defenders make four objections and the author’s response. Please take a position on each objection and explain your position. 8. According to the Rich Get Richer and Poor Get Prison, what factors make it likelier that a poor person who commits a crime such as shoplifting or non aggravated assault will be arrested than a middle class person who commits the same crime? 9. According to the textbook...
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...Prison labor is a form of legal slavery or involuntary servitude among prisoners in state penitentiaries. Prison labor is explicitly permitted by the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution that serves as a punishment for the action of committing a crime (U.S. Const. amend. XIII). Prison labor is the re-enslavement of Americans, that has largely discriminated against African Americans and other minorities. There is legislation associated with the increase of prison populations that has mainly targeted African Americans, including but not limited to mass incarceration through the War on Drugs and the use mandatory minimums. The War on Drugs, implemented by Richard Nixon’s administration, expedited the disproportionate mass incarceration of African Americans and Latinos for mandatory minimums relating to drug-related crimes (drugpolicy.com)....
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...The history of the juvenile justice system in America was identical to the adult justice system when it came to incarceration of youth. The only difference during the 16th and later part of the 18th century was that juveniles faced situations where they could be incarcerated for violations that adults would not be subject to merely due to age. Children were incarcerated with adults in general population for violations that did not meet the definitions of criminal behavior. The justice system just did not know what to do with juveniles at the time (Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, n.d., p. 1). As the justice system moved into the late part of the 18th century the child saver movement was formed. During this time parents were over worked and poverty levels were at an all-time high. America formed programs to save children from extreme laborious jobs, assist with poverty issues, and provide better educational opportunities for disadvantaged children. The most notable act of the child saver movement was it kicked off juvenile justice reform ("Juvenile Justice - Reformers," n.d., p. 1). America was wake and aware children were getting lost and abused within the current adult justice system....
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...Movements a. Education America 2011- schools are there to hand out degrees not an education i. Bush and Obama: policy, emphasis, goals. ii. SDSU administration: policy, emphasis, goals. b. 1960s and Social Movements: characteristics, examples, successes... c. Backlash: Crisis of Democracy and making social movements invisible i. According to Samuel Huntington what was the “crisis of democracy” and what was the solution? ii. According to Huntington, the University contributed to the “crisis.” Why did he say this and how was restructuring the University a solution to the problem? iii. How have the changes at SDSU reflected Huntington’s solution to the “crisis” and the restructuring of the University? d. Education as a gatekeeper: funding, resources, knowledge, success. Terms: No Child Left Behind, Race to the Top, credentialism, Output efficiency: How many people can u graduate standardized testing, grassroots, astroturf, business model, quality education, tracking, Ability grouping: also called tracking standardized testing Rodriguez v. San Antonio: says that quality education is not guaranteed by the us constitution only a desk Property tax: taxes on residential and commercial property in a school district to fund the school, Foundations: A way to funnel private money into a school The Houston Miracle: the basis for no student left behind, ended up being a lie 2. Crime and the Criminal Justice System. a. Types of crime (and examples)...
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...that was similar to Furan v. Georgia was Coley v. State, which was another case where the defendant was convicted of rape and sentenced to death and the Supreme Court, found that death was excessive and disproportionate to sentences imposed in similar cases. b.) How does the race of the victim affect being charged with a capital crime? The criminal justice system is supposed to teat every individual equal and fair. In todays society any crime that occurs between two different races can affect the outcome the offender is charged with. If a situation occurred that involved an African American individual and a Caucasian victim there is a good chance the offender will be charged with a capital crime and vise versa. Any situation that occurs between two races could have any possible outcome, and the outcome is up to how the jury sees the situation. c.) Why might the number of executions increase sharply in the 2000s?...
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...both sides may propose against each other. Although everyone is entitled to their own opinion, the cold, hard, facts are undeniable. Studies shown over more recent years are providing more and more information about the death penalty that has not been discovered in prior years. More specifically, there are multiple variables that should be taken into consideration that show why, plain and simple, the death penalty should be considered wrong. A fact of the death penalty system is that it is disproportionate. Whether one is a supporter or non-supporter of the death penalty, this fact cannot be denied. The death penalty system is disproportionate because of the simple fact that the crimes punishable by death in each state vary completely. The Death Penalty Information Center website provides a “summary of states’ death penalty statutes.” In this article, one can find every reason one may receive the death penalty in each state of the United States. Here, it is easy to see that certain crimes are punishable by death in one state but may not be in another. For example, someone may receive the death penalty in Georgia for the hijacking of an aircraft but not in any of the other 49 states. The main problem with the death penalty system in the United States is the simple fact that there is not an evenly distributed law throughout the entire country. This in itself is the source of all of the other errors and complications of the death penalty. If the country had...
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...Bill of Rights A brief history on how the Bill of Rights came forth. Back in the late 1700’s, several states were called for a constitution to protect individual’s rights from the government. Through these calls, James Madison came forth and put together the Amendments, which was later signed in 1791(1). What started off as 17 Amendments was trimmed down to 10 main one’s which is where we stand now with the Bill of Rights. There are several key Amendments that tie into criminal law. Those amendments are 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 8th. The 1st amendment allows individuals the freedom of speech. This does not allow the government to arrest anyone who lets say wants sit on a racial protest, or disallow anyone from following different religions. We as individuals have the right to follow whatever religions we choose. Now there are some twists that come into play with this Amendment. It does allow the “Freedom of Speech” but there are five rules you cannot break before being arrested and charged. Those five rules are, obscenity, profanity, liberal slander and or fighting words (1). If you express any of these conducts, you are subject to being arrested. There was a case in New Hampshire, where a gentleman called a marshal, “God-damned racketeer.” He was later convicted, because he used profanity in his speech (1). This is a prime example of how there are limits to the First Amendment. Moving our focus to the Second Amendment, it states “the right of people to keep and bear Arms...
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...discriminating is to investigate the whole case from the beginning to the end, and along with examination the population of that particular town. Maybe the truth will be revealed, do the justice system contribute or intentional discriminate or is it disparity without any form discrimination. The defining of disparity according to Schrantz and McElary (2000), racial disparity in the criminal justice system exists when the proportion of a racial/ethnic group within the control of the system is greater than the proportion of such groups in the general population. There are many cause of disparity in the criminal justice system such as legislative decisions, higher crime rates, and inequitable resources. The examples of disparity in legislative decisions the federal, state, and local have created laws that have disproportionate affect the minority community, which should have been seen beforehand. By increasing sentences for the of sale drugs, mainly crack cocaine, the weight...
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...The incarceration system of the United States plays a very important part of what America is as the jail system has been with America for countless of years. The United States ended slavery with the introduction of the 16 Amendment. Effectively making slavery unconstitutional throughout America. Yet 228 years after the 16th amendment was approved we still find this issue of slavery. America now masks slavery through its jail system that legalized institutional slavery and racism. The United States boast that it holds 25% of the world's prison population yet only have 5% of the world's population meaning that it has the highest population of prisoners per size of the country. Yet even more shocking is the people that are incarcerated in these prisons have something in common they are...
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...weapons and for reductions in the number of concealed-carry permits issued to private citizens. However, to blame assault weapons for this tragedy makes sense like blaming airplanes for the 9-11 attacks. The problem lies with the perpetrator, not the tool used to commit the crime. It is an illusion that further gun control will protect the public since no law, no matter how restrictive, can protect us from people who decide to commit violent crimes. Guns should never be banned in the United States, because the possession of guns ultimately helps improve public safety. Embodied in the Second Amendment to the Constitution is the truth that self-governing individuals should bear the responsibility for defending themselves. The Amendment states, a well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. Cramer and Joseph examined the history of pistols in early America that tells us the Framers' original intent in protecting the right of the people to keep and bear arms with no apparent limitations concerning handguns. Many pro gun control supporters adhere to the belief that the availability of guns make violent crime happen and, more importantly, that criminal violence in general can be reduced by limiting access to firearms. This is a testable empirical proposition. Research shows that disarming the public has not reduced criminal violence. For example, in Washington, D.C. and New York...
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...Devontae Robinson Into to Criminal Justice January 23, 2016 Faculty Name Why Black Lives Matter? Why do Black Lives Matter? Black lives assert the lives of all black individuals including the disabled, homosexuals, black-undocumented, blacks with records, women and men. Each has been a target of abuse, racism, police brutality and violence. Black Lives Matter movement addresses the fact that black Americans for a long time are more than white Americans to die at the actions of police brutality, subjected to black on black crime, and the continuation of fighting for black equal civil rights. Black lives are not more special than whites or nay other race but it’s an irrefutable fact that black Americans in this country historically have been devalued, discounted, looked over and not mattered. Police Violence Each year hundreds of black lives have been assaulted, abused, and taken by police violence. Black men in America are murdered, beaten, and violated by officers of the law sworn to “protect and serve” them. The 4th amendment clearly states that “the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated and no warrants shall issue without probable cause.” (Henry, 2015). The 4th amendment has not been followed, police when searching, arresting, obtaining, or securing black individuals have violated this to the fullest. Black women have been illegally searched by white...
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