...Agricultural Policy Forum on Social Market Economy In the Context of National & International Challenges Prepared by Mrs. Nawal Nehme Info-Com Division Held in Damascus on 13 April 2006 With the support of Table of Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Synthesis of The Presentation .......................................................................................................... 3 Summary of Discussion ...................................................................................................................12 Annex (1) List of Participants .......................................................................................................... 15 Annex (2) Slides of The Presentation ..............................................................................................18 Proceedings No. 21– Social Economy Market 1 2 Proceedings No. 21 – Social Economy Market Introduction The workshop “the Social Market Economy in the Context of National & International Challenges” was the first activity of the 2006 Agricultural Policy Forum series organized by the National Agricultural Policy Center (NAPC) with the support of the FAO Project GCP/SYR/006/ITA. Dr Isam El-Zaim, Director General of The Arab Center for Strategic Studies and Head of the Syrian Economic Scientific Association, presented this workshop on April...
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...control, to develop a desired future (Thomas 2007, p.7). But control is difficult enough to achieve over people, let alone trying to control the physical environment (Thomas 2007, p.7). Another fundamental issue for policy-makers is the direction of the policy. In particular they have to consider whether they are attempting to prevent environmental impacts that result from human action, or whether they are attempting to adapt to such changes, consciously or unconsciously (Thomas 2007, p.8). Natural Resources Natural resources have been critical for human welfare since people first started to walk the earth several million years ago (Field 2005 p.27). Natural resource economics is the study of how the flow of goods and services derived from natural resources is, and should be, managed in today’s world (Field 2005 p.37). Field continues to state that resource management problems derive from the underlying technological, institutional and cultural factors that characterise the economy (2005, p.37). Given the information concerning environmental policy and the importance of natural resources to human welfare and, the fact that our natural resources are under threat not just for today’s generation but for future generations. This paper will now discuss one of the essential elements of life...
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...Sidartha G. Acuyong Th151 – Y Exploiting the Human Dignity: An Ethical Christian Response to Labor Exploitation Introduction The labor sector has faced major quandaries in the actualization of their rights granted to them under the law. Some businesses and giant corporations continue to circumvent their duty to provide for adequate employment benefits like healthcare and social security. Such behavior leaves the worker in a poor and destitute condition. Under the Philippine Constitution, it is a state policy that “the State affirms labor as a primary social economic force. It shall protect the rights of the workers and promote their welfare” (Philippine Constitution Art. II, Sec. 18). Ideally, the law must side with the workers since they are practically powerless and voiceless in the face of capitalist industry. Labor exploitation is the inhumane cost of gaining national economic prosperity which is truly appalling and must be condemned as an ethical response to this unjust act. This paper aims to explain and provide an exposition of the exploitation of the labor sector and that these acts of exploitation must be greatly opposed. The concrete acts of labor exploitation that are opposed in this paper are contractualization, circumvention on provision of employment benefits, inhumane wages and other unfair labor practices. The Agony of the Labor Sector: Context and Issues at Hand Why and how does labor exploitation occur? The very injustice done to the labor sector begins...
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...Human Rights and Economics: Tensions and Positive Relationships Commissioned by the Nordic Trust Fund The World Bank www.worldbank.org/nordictrustfund Nordic Trust Fund Human Rights and Economics: Tensions and Positive Relationships Prepared for the Nordic Trust Fund/World Bank by GHK Consulting Ltd. Nordic Trust Fund Disclaimer: The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. Contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................................................... v Acronyms and Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................................vii Executive Summary...................................................................................................................................................ix 1. Study Objectives and Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Approach...
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...conservation and sustainable development lies wildlife trade. Humans, especially the less affluent, depend on forests and wildlife for food and income (Nijman, 2010). With globalization and economic development, consumption of wildlife is increasing as wildlife is considered delicacies, medicines, and pets, particularly by the Asians (Nyugen & Thach, 2014). To prevent the overexploitation of wildlife, and to protect nature for present and future generations, governments around the world have implemented laws and policies to control and to ensure the sustainability of wildlife trade. However, despite the governmental efforts to reduce illegal wildlife trade through captive breeding or artificial propagation, it is still flourishing. This chapter discusses, compares, and evaluates the legislation regarding wildlife trade particularly in Singapore and Vietnam, which are popular ports for wildlife trade due to their strategic locations (Neo, 2014; Nyugen & Thach, 2014). The chapter also reflects on the strengths and weaknesses of the laws, and suggests possible improvements. Introduction Wildlife trade refers to any sale or exchange of wild animal and plant resources by people (TRAFFIC, n.d.). While it has been exploited and consumed for thousands of years as food, medicine, pets, trophy, a source of income, and private collections, the trade has been increasing at an unprecedented rate in the recent years. There is greater demand for wildlife with economic development, as well as...
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...deforestation, aggressive use of agrochemicals, fishery collapses, and the loss of biodiversity in crops, livestock, and wild species. The global food system has become such a dominant force shaping the surface of this planet and its ecosystems that we can no longer achieve sustainability without revamping the food system. At the same time sustainable food systems provide great hope for building a sustainable future—a future in which all can lead satisfying lives within the means of the biosphere. In this brief, we use Ecological Footprint analysis to document the current food system’s demand on the biosphere. Ecological Footprint accounts track the area of biologically productive land and water needed to produce the resources consumed by a given population and to absorb its waste. The Ecological Footprint allows us to monitor a central threat to sustainability: the liquidation of the planet’s natural capital as we consume more resources than nature can regenerate and create more waste than nature can recycle. Our analysis reveals the leading role played by the food system in this liquidation and underscores how profoundly a sustainable future depends on reshaping that system. 1...
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.............................. 6 Successful inclusion of second-generation migrants ............................................... 7 Regions in rapid demographic and economic decline and inequalities within regions ... 8 Investing in Europe's demographic future - how the SIP will support the drive towards extending Europe's demographic dividend ............................................................ 9 Conclusions .....................................................................................................10 May 2013 2 Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion The Fourth Demography Forum Some 320 participants attended the Forum opened by Commissioner Andor. This report was drafted by the Forum organisers on the basis of the delivered speeches. Any possible errors or omissions are to be imputed to the Forum organisers Introduction In his welcoming speech, Commissioner Andor underlined our duty to prepare a longer-term future for ourselves and our children while being conscious of the need to urgently tackle the short-term problems caused by the crisis. He highlighted a dilemma whereby cutting jobs to reduce costs and debt was also reducing revenue and increasing social welfare expenditure. Facing ageing meant creating an environment where growing old did not necessarily mean becoming...
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...Sustainable development (SD) is a pattern of economic growth in which resource use aims to meet human needs while preserving theenvironment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come (sometimes taught as ELF-Environment, Local people, Future[citation needed]). The term 'sustainable development' was used by the Brundtland Commission which coined what has become the most often-quoted definition of sustainable development as development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."[1][2] Alternatively, sustainability educator Michael Thomas Needham referred to 'Sustainable Development' "as the ability to meet the needs of the present while contributing to the future generations’ needs."[3] There is an additional focus on the present generations responsibility to improve the future generations life by restoring the previous ecosystem damage and resisting to contribute to further ecosystem damage. Sustainable development ties together concern for the carrying capacity of natural systems with the social challenges faced by humanity. As early as the 1970s, "sustainability" was employed to describe an economy "in equilibrium with basic ecological support systems."[4]Ecologists have pointed to The Limits to Growth,[5] and presented the alternative of a "steady state economy"[6] in order to address environmental concerns. The concept of sustainable development is often...
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...This briefing focuses principally on media – and to a lesser extent on linked information and technologies - at a national level within developing countries. The term media refers to several different forms of communication required to educate and make a socially aware nation. The communication forms can be radio, television, cinema, magazines, newspapers, and/or Internet-based web sites. These forms often play a varied and vital role in our society. GOVERNANCE Recently the terms "governance" and "good governance" are being increasingly used in development literature. Bad governance is being increasingly regarded as one of the root causes of all evil within our societies. Major donors and international financial institutions are increasingly basing their aid and loans on the condition that reforms that ensure "good governance" are undertaken. GOOD GOVERNANCE Good governance is an indeterminate term used in international development literature to describe how public institutions conduct public affairs and manage public resources. The concept of "good...
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...Improve housing finance access for poor – study May 28, 2015 9:15 pm by VOLTAIRE PALAÑA REPORTER * * * A POLICY paper by the Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) is calling for the creation of a more favorable environment for housing finance in the country, as well as the adoption of appropriate policies and mechanisms to correct housing market dysfunctions. One of the underlying issues with housing policies in the Philippines, for instance, is the traditional perception that a housing finance system is based primarily on the provision of government subsidies, resulting in a highly-segmented and unsustainable program that does not benefit those who deserve it most. PIDS senior research fellow Dr. Marife Ballesteros noted in her latest study on urban housing subsidies that, despite policy changes through the years, the public sector housing program still does not address the problems on scale. Ballesteros explained that subsidies for housing programs, whether through upfront grants, government direct funding, low interest mortgages, tax exemptions or underpriced risk insurance, could have been put into more efficient use by the government. “Overall, direct subsidy to the low-income housing sector has been limited,” said Ballesteros, adding that in an effort to reduce losses from financial transactions, government has further restricted financing to the low-income sector through lower exposure of funders and the higher loan ceilings on socialized...
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...Urbanization Insert Name Here Insert Affiliation Here Urbanization/CASE Urbanization refers to the reallocation from a rustic to an urban social order due to shifts in global variants. It is a product of economic, political and social advancement that has paved the way for the emergence of large metropolis, cause a spike in the population density of the region. A survey predicted that half of the earth’s inhabitants would reside in urban centers towards the end of 2008 (United Nations). Intimately connected to the processes of modernization, industrialization and rationalization, the phenomenon has it genesis in the Renaissance period. Continuous attacks by the Turks caused the Christians to migrate from the east to the west of Europe. Consequently, the volume of trade rose and European cities besides the coastline progresses impressively. An additional push was given to urbanization upon the advent of the Industrial Revolution; the population density of European and American cities continued to intensify. For instance, the city of Chicago saw it population rise from fifteen individuals to over twenty million in a timeframe of seventy eight year. Yet, the phenomenon took hold of the Asian and African region only after sovereignty from colonial subjugation; in the first and second half of the 20th century, respectively (Howard Gillette Jr.). As mentioned before, the process of urbanization takes place when individuals abandon their rural lifestyle and migrate to...
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...including clean air, improved safety, clean water, etc., are shared by the society, as well as internal corporate profits that keep the business running. Environmentally, a triple bottom line organization works to reduce its carbon footprint and be responsible for the entire life cycle of its products. Social and environmental issues play a greater role in consumer and B2B choices than ever before. The "Green" movement was on the fringes of mainstream culture just a few years ago. Today, global warming, eco-sensitivity, fair trade and sustainability are issues that can have a tremendous impact on businesses of all sizes. A relatively new marketing model -- the triple bottom line -- offers businesses of all sizes an opportunity to create sustainable businesses that benefit people, the plan and corporate profits. While the GENERAL MANAGEMENT Page 2 traditional...
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...Abstract The intent of this essay is to discuss financial reporting is both a reflection and creator of our perception of social reality and is consistently evolving. By means of research of these source collections, relevant evidence is selected, evaluated and organized into three key areas: the Carbon tax legislation represents a creation of a new social reality and the impact on sustainability in business. The carbon tax would be represented in the financial reports. To introduce the particular company and legislation impacts on that company. The Framework shows that the financial reporting is present relevant and reliable information. Some experts considered that the insufficient information on financial reporting impact on social reality. Thus, the Sustainability reporting occurs to fix up the fanatical reporting gaps. Introduction Financial reporting is both a reflection and creator of our perception of social reality and consistently evolving. Currently, accounting system is not only focus on the data of how much company earns, it also shift towards to social responsibility. As the dramatic of pollutions, especially that of the developing nations is extremely harmful not only to the surrounding environment, but also to the inhabitants of that country as well. Thus, financial reporting take concern on such problems and create out Sustainability reporting which help to reduce the pollutions. This essay is to discuss the both reflection and creator of financial reporting...
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...Nike`s CSR Challenge Question 1, 4 and 5 Nike's CSR Challenge CASE STUDY- 1. What are the challenges regarding corporate social responsibility that companies in the apparel industry face in its supply chains around the world?. A. SOLUTION TO CASE 1: This discusses the challenges facing Nike in overcoming the stigma of poor human rights practices in their past, and how that has affected their overall business in the current decade. Social responsibility has always been an important factor to a company’s long term performance and sustainability. If you compare the stock performance of the top 50 most socially responsible companies, as published by Boston College’s Institute for Corporate Responsibility, to the S&P 500, the companies perceived as having the most ethical corporate governance consistently outperforms the competition in the long-run. This has become particularly important within the apparel industry, which has developed a stigma due its use of sweatshops over the last several decades. As many industries have become more and more automated, the apparel industry still requires an incredible amount of human capital to produce its products. Because of this, the industry has traditionally outsourced its production facilities to nations with low minimum wages and even lower working standards. There is little that can be done to avoid the nature of profit maximization and outsourcing, but companies like Nike have since realized that if they allow their...
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...Human Development of Bangladesh Topic: Human Development of Bangladesh Subject: Macroeconomics Subject Code: ECO-502 Submitted to: Dr. Salehuddin Ahmed Course Instructor BRAC Business School BRAC University Submitted by: |Sl. No. |Name |ID | |01. |Sigma Sharmeen Khan Prema |141 64 010 | |02. |Rubaiya Binte Mustafa |141 64 005 | |03. |Mahmudur Rahman Polash |141 64 015 | |04. |Md. Mohsin Alam |132 64 001 | |Section: 01 | Date of Submission: 28-03-2015 Letter of Transmittal March 28, 2015 Dr. Salehuddin Ahmed Course Instructor BRAC Business School BRAC University Subject: Submission of report on “Human Development of Bangladesh” Dear Sir, With due respect & humble submission, we the students of M.B.A. Spring 2015, are submitting the report on “Human Development of Bangladesh”. It gives us immense pleasure to inform you that we have completed the report under your kind hearted direct supervision. ...
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