...1. Cellular Organization 2. Reproduction 3. Metabolism 4. Homeostasis 5. Heredity 6. Response to Stimuli 7. Growth and Development 8. Adaptation through Evolution 1. There are some certain points when discussing about living and non-living things. They are mostly specific on living things such as cellular organization, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, response to stimuli, growth and development and adaption through evolution. Things which have these characteristics are called as living things and things which haven’t are called as non-living things. On certain occasions we can identify living things that miss one or several characteristics from the list. For an example trees don’t show direct movements, just only the growth movements, neurons don’t reproduce, the animals that have non sexual reproductive system and the trees which are reproduced by propagation don’t show adaptations or evolutions. Importantly, some non-living things too show one or several characteristics that defines life. For an example if we think about computer it’s a logical machine, it consumes electricity. So it shows metabolism, it control its’ temperature. That’s homeostasis. It responses to stimuli. Every day its’ storage memory grows bigger. So it shows the growth. If we think about a vehicle it shows clear movements, it needs fuel to run. So that’s metabolism. While driving wheels turn where ever we turn the steering wheel. So that’s a response to stimuli...
Words: 904 - Pages: 4
...6 Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food Muscles in action. Sprinters, like all athletes, depend on cellular respiration to power their muscles. CHAPTER CONTENTS Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in the Biosphere 92 Cellular Respiration: Aerobic Harvest of Food Energy 94 Fermentation: Anaerobic Harvest of Food Energy 101 CHAPTER THREAD Aerobic versus Anaerobic Lifestyles BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY Marathoners versus Sprinters THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE What Causes Muscle Burn? EVOLUTION CONNECTION Life before and after Oxygen 91 102 103 Aerobic versus Anaerobic Lifestyles BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY Marathoners versus Sprinters Track-and-field athletes usually have a favorite event in which they excel. Some runners specialize in sprints of 100 or 200 meters. Others excel at longer races of 1,500, 5,000, or even 10,000 m. It is unusual to find a runner who competes equally well in both 100-m and 10,000-m races; most runners are more comfortable running races of particular lengths. It turns out that there is a biological basis for such preferences. The muscles that move our legs contain two main types of muscle fibers: slow-twitch and fast-twitch. Slow-twitch muscle fibers can contract many times over a longer period but don’t generate a lot of quick power for the body. They perform better in endurance exercises requiring slow, steady muscle activity, such as marathons. Fast-twitch muscle fibers can contract more quickly and powerfully than slow-twitch fibers but also...
Words: 24897 - Pages: 100
...Sex chromosomes produce very unique patterns of inheritance in living organisms. In humans, there is an X chromosome and a Y chromosome that determines the sex of the offspring. A male has an X and Y chromosome, whereas a female has two X chromosomes. The sex of an offspring is determined by whether the sperm cell that fertilizes the egg is made up of an X or a Y chromosome; ultimately the male is the determining factor of the sex of the offspring. Even though the Y chromosome determines if the offspring will be male, the X chromosome has genes that control certain human characters; these genes are called sex-linked genes because they are linked to a certain sex. There are approximately 1,098 sex-linked genes that code unusual inheritance patterns other than the female sex trait. Some of these sex-linked genes carry unusual inheritance such as color blindness, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and hemophilia. (O’Neil, 2012). In the case of the recessive mutation that causes hemophilia, a female has to be the carrier of the mutated allele, since she has the X chromosomes only. If the female carrier of the disease mates with a male who has hemophilia (XhY), there would be a one-quarter chance that they would produce a female offspring that has hemophilia (XhXh). Males though are more susceptible to inheriting the hemophilia trait if the mother is a carrier, because the dominant gene (XH) will prevent the disease. (Simon, 2015). Since males can only have an X and a Y chromosome, there...
Words: 1135 - Pages: 5
...mountains, and deserts. They are located across the entire Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic Circle to North Africa, Central America and Asia. I currently live in Virginia Beach, Virginia and red foxes are located throughout the local area. The red fox is found in all areas of Virginia except for the extreme southeast corner. It prefers diverse habitat, in less populated areas, like farmland. You can distinguish a red fox from other similar animals by the following physical characteristics: they are the size of a small dog, a total of 39-41 inches and a weight of 9-12 pounds. They have prominent, erect ears, a pointed nose, and a long, bushy tail with white tip. Their fur is long and soft, with the upper part reddish-yellow, black-tipped on the shoulders. Red foxes are omnivorous. Most of their diet consists of rabbits and mice. They are also known to eat poultry, squirrels, muskrats, quail, small nongame birds, insects, nuts and fruits in smaller amounts. The life cycle of the red fox is as follows: young foxes must find a territory of their own. They need a place to hunt and feed. They also need to have their own home. Because they could cross the territories of other foxes, it could take weeks or months for a fox to find their own territory. If a fox chooses to cross the territory of another fox in an attempt to claim their home, the foxes will fight. They typically lean on each other's shoulders and...
Words: 1354 - Pages: 6
...Domestic dogs do well in group living situations and are fairly flexible as to the arrangements. In the wild the typical number of wild dogs or wolves in a fully-fledged pack ranges between eight and 15. Usually one is seen as the alpha dog or leader.www.petplace.com/article/dogsunderstandingcanine-socialstructure/ The reproduction cycle in female dogs has 4 phases. Female dogs that have not been spayed typically have 2 estrus or heat periods per year(about 6 months apart), each lasting about 2 to 3 weeks. In some dogs, the intervals between estrus are much longer. The first heat occurs between 6 and 15 months of age, depending on the size of the dog (later in larger breeds). Females can become pregnant during their first heat or any later...
Words: 923 - Pages: 4
...Maretha Murray Dr. John Harrell Comparative Psychology December 2, 2008 Mating and reproduction is the main life cycle of animal survival. Mating is when a male or female animal prepare for breeding, and reproduction is when animals produce new individuals that look similar to themselves. In this term paper I ‘am going to discuss with you mating and reproduction of two different animals, the two animals that I picked are the red fox, and the squirrel monkey. In this paper I’ am going to give you some general information about the red fox and the squirrel monkey and tell you about how each animal mates in reproduces. Then I will compare and contrast the different mating and reproductive behaviors of the red fox and the squirrel monkey. So at the end of this paper you should have a clear understanding of the mating and reproductive behaviors of the red fox and squirrel monkey. The red fox is the largest member of the fox family; it is also a member of the dog family. The red fox lives in North America; the United States; Europe and Canada. The red fox has a coat of soft long guard hairs; they are typically a rich reddish brown with a tail that has a white tip, and black ears and legs. Red foxes are generally about 36 - 42 inches long and 35 – 40 centimeter of this is being tail, they stand about 40 centimeter at the shoulder and, weight about 15 pounds at the most. Males tend to be about 20 % larger then the females. Red foxes have 42 teeth; five toes are present on...
Words: 1684 - Pages: 7
...Ms. Johnson Biology 5 December 2012 Compare placental mammals, marsupials, and monotremes. Placental mammals, marsupials and monotremes are part of the phylum chordata. They are similar in some ways and different in others. These similarities and differences include their habitats, the way they reproduce, the food they eat, and adaptations they have. Placental mammals (humans, dogs, camels, etc.): Habitats: Placental mammals live in many different places around the world. Most of the time placental mammals will adapt to the environment they are in. Humans are an example of a placental mammal. They live all over the world and have adjusted their lifestyle based on the climate and resources available to them. Reproduction: Placental mammals reproduce through internal fertilization. The young are enclosed by a placenta. This placenta allows the young to remain in the uterus for a long time. The placenta connected to the uterus by an umbilical cord. The mother gives birth through her birth canal. After the young is born the mammal produces a new egg through the reproduction cycle. Food they eat: Placental mammals have to eat constantly to maintain their body temperature. When they are young they depend on their mother for food and drink. Some are herbivores and eat only plants. Examples of these animals are horses, pandas, and sloths. Some are carnivores and eat only meat. Examples of these animals are dolphins, tigers, and lions. Others are omnivores and eat plants...
Words: 1033 - Pages: 5
...Abstract Introduction Assissted reproduction technology (ART) can be defined as a technique that bypasses intercourse in order to follow biological pathways and manipulation of such pathways leading to pregnancy and the birth of healthy offspring(Velazquez, 2008). ART in humans has been used most effectively since the 1980’s fist concentrating on male human semen and understanding the estrous cycle of females of the same species, before long farm animal stocks were looked at. The ability to manipulate the breeding of certain genetic traits was seen as industrious, making pigs bigger, cows that produce more milk, chickens that laid more eggs and so forth.(Foote, 2002) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and his assistant Hann were the first to discover sperm in 1678, they named them animalcules due to the sperms animated appearance and small size. Little was it known then the research and industrial and natural impact this discovery would have (REF). The first recorded western insemination was recorded in 1784 by a priest named Spallanzani who whelped 3 puppies from a dog. Much work was being done across Asia but due to lack of linguistic knowledge much of this work was unknown until a translation and review was made in 1958. By this time ART was a rapidly growing technique in the subject of this report dairy cattle(Foote, 2002). Techniques The first step is collection of semen from the male bulls. Semen is collected at a temperature between 42-45c and maintained in a water bath...
Words: 424 - Pages: 2
...together to give up, accept or equally share electrons to make molecules. The smallest part of an organism is a cell. Some single-celled organisms are free-living and contain structures, called organelles that allow them to be self-sufficient. More complex organisms are multicellular. In the case of a human, cells are organized into tissues. These have a common function like a muscle. Tissues are organized into organs like the heart. Organs are organized into organ systems, like the cardiovascular system. Organ systems functioning together make up a living organism. A population is an organization of more than one individual. This is generally all of one species in a particular area. We could talk about the population of squirrels in our area or dogs or cats. Enlarging our view, next comes a community. An example of a community is the town or place we live. A more accurate biological description would include all the living things in that area. A community is composed of many species, including plants and animals An ecosystem not only considers the living things in an area, but also the physical environment and the interrelated flow of energy. You may live in a desert ecosystem, a forest ecosystem, or another kind of ecosystem. Most complex of all is the biosphere. In our case, this includes the all the areas of our planet where living things are found. 2....
Words: 1333 - Pages: 6
...The Red Kangaroo occupies the arid and semi-arid center of Australia. The highest population densities of the Red Kangaroo occur in the range lands of western New South Wales. Red kangaroos are commonly mistaken as the largest species of kangaroo, but eastern grays actually have the largest population. A large male can be 6ft 7in tall and weigh 200 lbs. Kangaroo reproduction is similar to a possums. The egg is still contained in the evolutionary remnant of a shell that has a small quantity of yolk within it and it descends from the ovary to the uterus. There is where it is fertilized and developed into a neonate. Usually, only one young is born at a time just like us. however, they are blind, hairless, and only a few centimeters long. It uses its forelegs to climb its way through the thick fur on its mother's belly into the pouch. Once in the pouch, it fastens onto one of the four teats and starts to feed. Almost immediately, the mother's sexual cycle starts again. Another egg descends into the uterus and she becomes sexually receptive. Then, if she mates and a second egg is fertilized, its development is temporarily halted. The neonate in the pouch grows very quickly. After about 190 days, the baby, known as a joey, is large and developed and can make its full emergence out of the pouch. After sticking its head out for a few weeks, it eventually feels safe enough to fully come out. From then...
Words: 936 - Pages: 4
...Unit 5: Meiosis & Mendel Test Review Packet Chapter 13: What is the difference between diploid and haploid? How are they represented? Which type of reproduction will result in genetically identical offspring? What is the difference between a somatic and germ cell? What is a karyotype? Explain what is meant by homologous chromosomes. Sketch a diagram that correctly represents: sister chromatids, homologous chromosomes, centromere and then answer the following questions about your diagram. How many chromosomes does your cell have? How many homologous pairs of chromosomes? How many chromatids? Is the cell haploid or diploid? What is the process that produces gametes? What is another term for a fertilized egg? How does the chromosome number of a...
Words: 1102 - Pages: 5
...DNA The Building Blocks Of Life Edward J Lechleitner 11/3/2015 We all know that elephants only give birth to little elephants, giraffes to giraffes, dogs to dogs and so on for every type of living creature. Why? The answer lies in a molecule known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which contains the biological instructions that make each species unique. DNA, along with the instructions it contains, is passed from adult organisms to their offspring during reproduction. In organisms called eukaryotes, which includes all living animals, DNA is found inside the area of the cell called the nucleus. Because the cell is very small, and because organisms have many DNA molecules per cell, each DNA molecule must be tightly packed. This packed form of the DNA is called a chromosome. During DNA replication, DNA unwinds so it can be copied. At other times in the cell cycle, DNA also unwinds so that its instructions can be used to make proteins and for other biological processes. But during cell division, DNA is in its compact chromosome form to enable transfer to new cells. Researchers refer to DNA found in the cell's nucleus as nuclear DNA. An organism's complete set of nuclear DNA is called its genome. Besides the DNA located in the nucleus, humans and other complex organisms also have a small amount of DNA in cell structures known as mitochondria. Mitochondria generate the energy the cell needs to function properly. DNA is made of chemical building blocks called...
Words: 852 - Pages: 4
...it helps them develop medications, vaccines, or new procedures to treat or prevent diseases for both humans and animals. Most research projects either do not involve pain or the pain is alleviated with analgesic or anesthetic drugs. They understand that pain causes stress for the animals, and this stress can seriously affect the results of the study. With all these controversies about this issue, why are animals necessary in research? Because animals make good research subjects. Animals are biologically similar to humans. In fact, chimpanzees share more than 99% of DNA with humans and mice share more than 98% DNA with humans, therefore, animals are susceptible to many of the same health problems as humans. Animals have a shorter life cycle than humans and as a result, they can...
Words: 2692 - Pages: 11
...In the republic of Gilead it is now men who have taken over all parts of society: religion, the economy, and most importantly, the control of women. Gilead, the new society, has taken reproduction out of the females’ control. Offered, who is the protagonist, describes herself as a “prize pig” (Atwood 79). Offred who is a handmaid, meaning that she is a fertile female who works for a man, usually of rank, for breeding purposes only. Similarly to a pig, they are bred to reproduce in order to produce more meat. Moreover, the second wave is even more apparent when readers are able to learn that not only do women not have rights, they couldn't obtain individualism or identity. Women were forced to wear specific colour based on their “roles”. For instance, Handmaids wear red, Martha’s are infertile women who wear green, and aunts wear brown and so on. None of them had paid jobs or even equal job opportunities as “ (females) had the power of a dog bone”(Atwood 25). In this second wave of feminism, women are utilized for immoral purposes, and respect for them has been lost in the duel for domination. Feminism is also distinctively present in Mamoru Oshii’s Ghost in the...
Words: 902 - Pages: 4
...Review for BSC1010 Final that will consist of 50 questions taken from these facts. 1. A modified form of cellulose found in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans is known as chitin. 2. Non-polarity and insolubility characterize biological compounds known as lipids. 3. Alpha helix and beta pleated sheets are examples of the secondary level of protein structure. 4. Components of nucleic acids include a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, an organic nitrogen containing base, and phosphodiester bonds. 5. Fructose and galactose all have the same six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms, just as glucose, but they are named differently because they are alternate forms of the monosaccharide, glucose . 6. Nucleic acids are created with phosphodiester bonds. 7. Nitrogen and carbon are common to all organic molecules. 8. Fuels such as gasoline are nonpolar and high in energy because they are largely composed of hydrocarbons. 9. Lipids serve as important energy stores and is a major component of plasma membranes. 10. The functional group -COOH has acidic properties and would release hydrogen ions in an aqueous (water) solution. 11. The peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall contains a carbohydrate matrix linked together by short chains of amino acids. 12. Nuclear pores apparently permit the passage of only proteins inward and outward, but RNA only outward. 13. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the other organelles besides the nucleus that contain DNA. 14. The...
Words: 3437 - Pages: 14
