...definitionS of Pragmatic, Pragmatism, and the Pragmatic Theory of Drama in Plato and Aristotle. A University of Lagos, M.A Seminar Work By Larayetan, Raphael Segun, (Mat. No.139013058) COURSE: Theory of Drama LECTURER: Dr. Patrick Oloko Introduction: This paper attempts an exploration of pragmatics, pragmatism and pragmatic theory as perceived by scholars from different intellectual tradition with focus on drama as a genre of literature. From the classic to the contemporary period, dramatic theorists and dramatists have been involved in the polemics on functions of drama, whether it is an instrument of communicating ideas or just a genre of literature that only entertains. Whether drama entertains or bears the ideological or moral burdens which the author through his art intends to pass to the readers, drama unequivocally has a function which, according to Philip Sidney, is to “teach and to delight”. With this in mind, it can be established that every piece of drama sets out to achieve a function though critics and dramatists have disagreed on what the ideal function of drama should be. It is this light that the current paper explores the pragmatic theory of drama in Plato and Aristotle, or, simply put; how Plato and Aristotle perceive the ideal function of drama. Definition of Terms: Pragmatism is a theory that emphasises the dual function of a work of art. It stipulates the heuristic function...
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...Drama 2 - Semester 1 Study Guide and Review FORMAT OF TEST Section 1: Fundamentals & Acting (50 points) 20 questions (30 points) 3 short response (20 points) Section 2: Tragedy & Comedy (50 points) 20 questions (30 points) 3 short response (20 points) Section 3: Shakespeare (50 points) 20 questions (30 points) 3 short response (20 points) Section 4: Performance (50 points) Students will perform a monologue separately for Mr. Finley and be scored via the rubric below. 200 Points Total 90 points from 60 multiple choice / 60 points from 9 short response / 50 points from performance For each short response section, there are four questions offered, and you will choose three to answer, leaving one unanswered. You may choose to answer one additional question on the test for extra credit. FUNDAMENTALS & ACTING VIDEOS Personal Aesthetic Voice and Articulation Viewpoints for Movement Acting – Three Things NOTES Basic Voice Terminology Voice Terms Audible – able to be heard Articulate – to shape the sound in the mouth for clarity Inflection – variety of vocal pitch Pitch – the relative highness or lowness of the voice Project – to send the voice out to the audience Rate – speed at which one speaks Resonance – a rich, warm speaking quality Volume – the relative loudness of your voice Parts of the Instrument Articulators – the parts of the mouth which shape and define sound Diaphragm – the muscle below the...
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...throughout the film. This movie raises many questions about violence and the idea of catharsis. During the film, the main character emotionally cleanses his past demons by changing his former identity to a new man of different morals. In real life, there is a lot of controversy about whether anger, rage, and fighting is a healthy form of catharsis. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language defines the word catharsis as “a purifying or figurative cleansing of the emotions, especially pity and fear, described by Aristotle as an effect of tragic drama on its audience.” Another definition it gives us is “A release of emotional tension, as after an overwhelming experience, that restores or refreshes the spirit.”(The American Heritage Dictionary of the English 2 Language) However in drama, catharsis takes on somewhat of a different meaning. At the end of...
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...realistic story, in terms of our equipment and cast. Being that our genre topic was Drama, we had a vision of it involving “high school drama.” We came up with the idea of two boys fighting over one girl, but we struggled in giving the film a meaningful ending. This is where the script supervisor and I came up with idea that the girl would be intentionally killed by one of the boys in revenge of her acting interested in both boys. I knew that we had to emphasis drama through facial expressions and body language, so I made sure to communicate with the cinematographer that in conversational shots we had to go CU or even ECU. Additionally, I collaborated with the set designer and cinematographer to construct a realistic high school environment. We agreed that we should utilize our schools locker area, workout facility, and parking lot to portray high school in a true sense. Once we moved into the production stage of the film, we found that construction noises were inhibiting the quality and consistency in the sound of the film. However, I suggested that we turn off the sound for the opening dolly shot and replace it with the sound of another shot from a later day where there were no construction noises. This ended up working out and allowed the movie to maintain a constant background noise, which gave it more natural and realistic value. Since we needed an expositional shot that gave the audience insight into the dynamics of the relationship between the...
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...Jake Cashen Prof. Ahrens English 102 10/24/2013 Fences In 1965, August Wilson’s “Fences” was created as the fifth part of his Pittsburg Cycle of dramas of the 20th Century investigation of the evolution of black culture (Gantt, 1; Gantt, 2).The play uses symbolism and metaphors that tell the late life story of Troy Maxon and the family that surrounds him. Even from the beginning of the drama there is conflict and foreshadowing that can be attributed to his own belief that he has failed in life, and that the world did not give him what he deserved. He believes that he has to go outside of the family to find refuge and that is how the story begins and ends. Using Formalistic analysis the essay will focus on the recurring themes in each act and scene of the drama to build to the last scene and the conclusion of the play (Chapter 3, 37).The point of view throughout the play is told through the eyes of Troy Maxon as viewed by the audience. He is the lead in the drama, and all plots revolve around his life and his decisions, some good and others not so good. These recurring themes also give the audience an understanding as to the life of the African American, both male and female, in the mid to late 1950s and early 1960s. Life was improving in the sense of gaining citizenship, but this was also before the civil rights movement and shows that citizenship did not mean acceptance or understanding of the assimilated African American culture, or putting into the open the injustice...
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...associated with the target audiences and production type. Different types of film genres involve action, comedy, suspense, drama, cartoon, horror, musical, dance, history, war and others. Genres of films are further categorised into different subgenres such as drama films are further categorised into women, children, legal and romantic drama. Most common combination of genre is romantic and action comedy. In the similar way, the other genre combination is musical dance and dance romantic/drama films as well as horror comedy such as Evil dead. However, the genres are further classified on the basis of era such as modern and postmodern films. There is specifically vast difference between both, at the same time renders distinctive impacts on social and cultural practices of the society (Chutipanyabut, 2013). 2.4.4 Ideology The term ideology is directly associated with the social requirements and needs of a group of individuals or a specific culture. In reference to filmmaking, ideology can be effectively referred as assumptions. Assumptions can simply categorised in ideas in which different aspects of films are conceptualised, generally termed as vision. According to Barry (2006, p. 103) Ideology is something in a storyline that imposes strong responses on the minds of viewers. It depicts that ideology is something that filmmakers and society share, aspects which allows transaction of certain meaning between story of film as well as targeted audience. “Most of what we know about...
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...Drama essay Intro Theartre of Creultry and Epic thertre are very doffernent theatre types and display rather differnent obsitcales and techniques towards the auidience and how to invole the audience within their perfomaces. They display different techniues from using flahblacks to provoke rational self-reflection and a critical view of the action on the stage and to invole the audience to other infomation that the other chacters don't know about (dramatic irony)all the way to making the audience think about the perofmance not just about the entertainment. Paragrph 1 Epic thertre was a form of therete to provoke rational self-reflection and a critical view of the action on the stage, a form of didactic drama presenting a series of loosely connected...
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...Kennedy Nabors Mrs. Dale AP English IV 24 November 2012 The Odyssey of Realism All throughout literature and script has been used as a means to describe or make a point to an audience. In American literature, the focus of these devices has become the use of language, aesthesis, truth, expression, fiction, and affectiveness. In Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller’s stylistic devices convey not only bitter deception and bleak despair, but also hopeless despondency and forlorn anguish to display the realism and iniquity of the common man. As a representative form of American realism, Death of a Salesman portrays the use of language to convey a feeling of acrimony that demonstrates the relationship between the ideas of Willy Loman and the American common man. Willy Loman as the protagonist and the antagonist of his own story creates the sense of language that develops the idea of being “liked and you never will want” stating the façade of the Willy’s society (Miller 21). While communicated to the audience through a form of realism, his language functions as the crevice between the real and non-real. As development of language continues sometimes Willy Loman’s clichés “rise to the level of pure poetry” (Roudane 369). The use of language constructs poetic symbolism and closes the gap between non-realism and realism. Throughout the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain utilizes a poignant sense of diction reciprocating the slang the common man used in the Antebellum South...
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...As the title of the drama by Susan Glaspell, “Trifles” suggests, the concerns women have are just trifles, small issues of unimportance that have no importance to men. The author effectively uses conflict, dramatic irony, and verbal irony to illustrate the theme of unfair traditional gender roles to the reader. The use of these literary devices causes deep thought-provoking interest makes this drama a successful literary art. Glaspell clearly illustrates the subjugation of women by their male counter parts and cause the audience to question the value of men and women’s perspective by creating tension filled conflict. Conflict should provide interest, suspense, and tension between two opposing forces. Right at the beginning of the drama the conflict is between the group of men who are investing the murder and the women who were there to collect the items for Mrs. Wright. The conflict between the two forces began when the men went towards the stove and left the women at the door .The author used the separation between the men circled at the stove and the women at the door to show how women are left out of important business and social transactions. When the young...
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...reference them to death and jokes; however, there is more to these concepts than can come to one’s mind especially in drama. In tragedies there is often the downfall of a tragic hero whereas in comedies the unexpected rise of the comic protagonist is to be laughed at due to the wit and humor used. Tragedies end in catastrophe as seen in the death of Romeo and Juliet unlike in comedies where the conflicts are to be made fun of, for example in Sure Thing, Bill the comic protagonist, makes every possible mistake when trying to pick up a girl in a café, but somehow still ends up getting the girl after many attempts. Tragedies and comedies are mostly defined by the emotions they evoke in the public...
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...theater season: the National Theater of Greece’s Medea, Joanne Akalaitis’ The Iphigeneia Cycle (a double bill that combines Euripides’ two Iphigeneia plays), a revival of Andrei Serban’s famous Fragments of a Greek Trilogy, and a four-and-a-half-hour adaptation of the Oedipus Rex were announced at the start of the season. Off-off Broadway versions will inevitably follow. The Brooklyn Academy of Music even hosted a dance/theatre piece based on the Eleusinian Mysteries. 1 The Classic Stage Company, an off-Broadway theater group devoted to performance and adaptation of Western classics, currently receives more scripts that re-work Greek tragedy than any other category of drama. 2 From a global perspective, New York is simply reflecting a trend set by important modern playwrights and directors worldwide. Greek drama now occupies a regular place in the London theater season. In the past twenty years, acclaimed productions have been mounted not only in Europe but also in Japan, India, and Africa. Translations are even beginning to proliferate in China, occasionally with unexpected results. A recent Chinese translator of Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex referred to all the Greek gods generically as Apollo, since he could count on his audience’s ability to recognize this name from the United States space program. 3 The Greek theater festival at Delphi has played host to many of these performances, with the result that, for example, the Greek National...
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...re tu ra li CAPE Modern te ng Languages Literatures nE e siniEnglish ur e at l er g it En sin ur e at er it L Caribbean Examinations Council ® SYLLABUS SPECIMEN PAPER CSEC® SYLLABUS,MARK SCHEME SPECIMEN PAPER, MARK SCHEME SUBJECT REPORTS AND SUBJECT REPORTS Macmillan Education 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW A division of Macmillan Publishers Limited Companies and representatives throughout the world www.macmillan-caribbean.com ISBN 978-0-230-48228-9 © Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC ®) 2015 www.cxc.org www.cxc-store.com The author has asserted their right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988. First published 2014 This revised version published 2015 Permission to copy The material in this book is copyright. However, the publisher grants permission for copies to be made without fee. Individuals may make copies for their own use or for use by classes of which they are in charge; institutions may make copies for use within and by the staff and students of that institution. For copying in any other circumstances, prior permission in writing must be obtained from Macmillan Publishers Limited. Under no circumstances may the material in this book be used, in part or in its entirety, for commercial gain. It must not be sold in any format. Designed by Macmillan Publishers Limited Cover design by Macmillan Publishers Limited and Red Giraffe CAPE® Literatures...
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...material Click below link http://www.uoptutors.com/ENG-125-ASH/ENG-125-Week-5-DQ-1 Throughout this course we have explored the similarities and differences between the literary forms of the short story, the poem, and drama. For example, one major difference is that both poetry and drama frequently place a strong emphasis on performance before an audience that is physically present, while the short story is more commonly intended for individual reading. With that said, it is important to remember that all literary works couldn’t always be easily classified into a single genre. Moreover, literary works, which might be classified as belonging to one genre, might possess many qualities more typical of other genres. For example, Shakespeare’s Macbeth is classified as drama, but in many respects takes the form of poetry. In other words, sometimes the differences between categories like drama, poetry, and the short story are not so easily defined. Often a short story might contain poetic or dramatic qualities, or a poem might include narrative and dramatic features. In your post, summarize the major similarities and differences between the forms of drama, poetry, and the short story. Demonstrate your ideas with textual examples from the course readings. In your response, include at least one example of each literary form. If you wish, you may also point to examples that indicate the blurring of literary genres (e.g., the poetic qualities of Macbeth or the dramatic elements of Gift of...
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...and he was one of the most significant figures of the time regarding nineteenth-century culture. Many of his ideas had a profound impact on various other artforms, especially his belief in the combination of all artforms. His most important compositions are operas set for the stage and for which he wrote his own libretti. After taking German Romantic opera, or Romantische Oper, to a higher level, he reiterated the nature of opera as a drama within the music that also includes other artforms. In his mature works, Wagner created a new chromatic idiom as well as means of portraying meanings through motifs, called leitmotifs, which impacted and influenced...
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...the pagination provided and the source shown above (Horton and Wohl 1956) rather than citing this online extract. [start of p. 215] One of the striking characteristics of the new mass media - radio, television, and the movies - is that they give the illusion of face-to-face relationship with the performer. The conditions of response to the performer are analogous to those in a primary group. The most remote and illustrious men are met as if they were in the circle of one's peers; the same is true of a character in a story who comes to life in these media in an especially vivid and arresting way. We propose to call this seeming face-to-face relationship between spectator and performer a para-social relationship. In television, especially, the image which is presented makes available nuances of appearance and gesture to which ordinary social perception is attentive and to which interaction is cued. Sometimes the 'actor' - whether he is playing himself or performing in a fictional role - is seen engaged with others; but often he faces the spectator, uses the mode of direct address, talks as if he were conversing personally and privately. The audience, for its part, responds with something...
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