...Propaganda is a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position. As opposed to impartially providing information, propaganda, in its most basic sense, presents information primarily to influence an audience. Propaganda often presents facts selectively to encourage a particular synthesis, or uses loaded messages to produce an emotional rather than rational response to the information presented. The desired result is a change of the attitude toward the subject in the target audience to further a political agenda. Propaganda can be used as a form of political warfare. While the term propaganda has acquired a strongly negative connotation by association with its most manipulative and nationalistic examples, propaganda in its original sense is neutral. It may also be construed to refer to uses which are generally held to be somewhat benign or inoffensive, such as public health recommendations, signs encouraging citizens to participate in a census or election, or messages encouraging persons to report crimes to the police, among others. Propaganda was not invented by the Americans. It began with the Roman Catholic Committee for the Propagation of the Faith, an order of the church which was established by a papal bull in 1622. (Baran & Davis, 2013). Throughout the beginning of the twentieth century, the meaning of propaganda was debated as to whether or not it was a good or bad form of communication that could be corrupted...
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...Propaganda, Media, and the Making of a President August 27, 2010 COM/220 Propaganda, Media, and the Making of a President August 27, 2010 COM/220 Propaganda, Media, and the Making of a President Dr. Joseph Goebbels Dr. Joseph Goebbels The use of propaganda is as popular today for swaying public opinion as it was from 1933 to 1945 in war ravaged Germany. If Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels were alive today, he would be proud to see his propaganda machine being utilized by the U.S. Government to manipulate the masses and used by political parties to elect presidents. From mass print to the “tenth great power” the internet, the persons in control manipulate the masses and systematically destroy our freedoms to truthful information. World War II Propaganda Poster World War II Propaganda Poster In 1938 Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels, filled the airwaves with propaganda that led to absolute control of the mass media to the Nazi Party and its Propaganda machine. It was about control, if you control what the masses hear and see, then you control the masses. Goebbels referred to the radio as the “Eighth Great Power”. Through mass exploitation of the media, and control of incoming and outgoing information, propaganda stands as the most effective form of control over swaying public opinion. “Propaganda has been practiced since earliest times, but modern mass media has made it much easier to appeal to wide domestic and foreign audiences” (Hutchinson...
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...World War II was one of the most important historical periods of the Twentieth-Century. The causes, and consequences of the war helped historian understand the politics of the time as well as to observe the reactions from the different governments and citizens from all over the world. Though some historians recount the events from World War II from a general perspective and focus on the different military strategies and government policies, others discuss the individuals involved in the war and their influence on the causes and outcome of the war. Further on, historians tend to focus on the major leaders during the world: Churchill, Hitler, Roosevelt and De Gaulle. Nevertheless, some historians have paid close attention to those around these great leaders and discussed their influence over them and their respective government policies. Before the beginning of World War II, Adolf Hitler guided the Nazi party into power in Germany during the 1930’s. Hitler did not led Germany into war on its own, but with the help of a few close associates one of them being Joseph Goebbels. As one of the main directors of the Nazi Propaganda in Germany and other parts of Europe, Joseph Goebbels led Germany’s internal affairs during the war especially during the completion of most of Hitler’s objectives during his leadership. It is difficult to imagine Germany’s actions during the war without looking a Goebbels. He definitely changed the outcome of World War II by implementing public enlightenment...
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...How do you believe Great Britain successfully convinced thousands or hundreds of thousands of normal, everyday citizens to either join the war effort or to support it from the comfort of their homes? The answer is, if you thought correctly, propaganda techniques. A propaganda technique is defined as “an improper appeal to emotion used for the purpose of swaying the opinions of an audience”. In this case the improper appeal is World War II propaganda posters utilized to influence the audience, which is citizens on how they felt towards the war. By using various posters, the British government and the armed forces applied just several of the numerous propaganda techniques to encourage individuals to support the war efforts. One poster inspires industrial workers to use their time efficiently and not to waste any of their efforts because it shows a picture of a man at work taking his break standing in front of a clock. This poster utilizes one of the many persuasive...
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...The Best War Ever Michael C.C. Adams History has a way of being distorted and viewed unrealistically at times. Because every event and emotion cannot be perfectly recorded, myths and false perspectives are created. In his book, “The Best War Ever,” Adams explains how Americans believed World War II was a clean, glorious and courageous victory, when in reality it was not. The era became viewed as “America's golden age, a peak in the life of society when every thing worked out and the good guys definitely got a happy ending" (Adams, 2). Besides the general population's idea that the United States was saving the day by going to war, the main tool of distorting the reality of war was propaganda. The “greatness” of this war spread so quickly, “the censors hardly needed to tell the film producers that war movies should showcase American heroism and patriotism and that the enemy must be cruel, devious, and unprincipled” (Adams, 11). The impact of the media's spinning the war lead to a positive demeanor in the nation, eventually proving the propaganda to be a necessary evil. World War II, for America, was a testament to the work and reward of the American dream. The media portrayed society during the war as succesful, hard working, and finally coming out of the slumps brought on by the Great Depression. In line with the “melting pot” stereotype of America, people from all ethnicities were fighting for our country (Adams, 11). After the recession, Americans needed a common enemy...
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...Propaganda as defined by Jowett and O’Donnell “is the deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist” (Prop, 7). In this definition, similar to others, the words “shape”, “manipulate”, and “direct” tend to spur an uneasy feeling for many. Propaganda, which “is associated with bad things or evil forces,” (Pers 33) has such a negative connotation that people who disagree with a message will publicly label it as propaganda to make the audience feel threatened by the communicator and by the message delivered by the enemy. Historically, propaganda has been known to be the cause of war and deaths. But, can propaganda ever be a good thing? It has served as an end to genocide and as a reinforcement to stay healthy. Therefore, propaganda can be ethical or unethical depending on the situation and the purpose. The role of propaganda during wartime periods has been present since we can remember and has such a powerful impact that brings out the same result of a violent war in a nonviolent manner (Prop, 231). When propaganda outcomes are viewed as similar to war it most definitely makes it an unethical form of persuasion. A specific example of that is Nazi propaganda during World War II. When Hitler took power his Minister of Propaganda, Joseph Goebbels, described Hitler’s propaganda as possible to prove that a square is a circle with enough repetition...
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...Propaganda is used to all aspects of life to rally people behind a cause. In the context of politics, militarism and war it is often associated with authoritarian governments, but it is used in democracies as well. Although the practices of propaganda contradict democratic ideals, many propaganda techniques are more easily utilized in a liberal society that encourages freedom of speech. When propaganda is used in a liberal society, it is especially effective because in a liberal society people assume they are thinking and acting freely, without recognizing the subtle manipulation of propaganda. Although it may seem unethical, the American government and its military officials often use deceitful tactics of propaganda to hide the truth about...
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...Total war refers to war that affects all aspects of society, not just the people involved. World War I and World War II are often recognized as “total wars” because both birthed a new era of warfare. In previous eras, wars only affected the armies involved and had no impact of the lives of people outside the war. With respect to World War I and II, everyone was involved and everybody provided as much help as possible to ensure the victory of their country. Gender nor race, skilled or unskilled, young or old everyone gathered together to fight as one. World War I was fought mainly in Europe from the year 1914 to the year 1918 and lasted 4 years. World War I was fought between the Allied Powers composed of France, Britain, Russia, Japan, Italy, and the United States. The Central Powers was composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey. What ignited World War I among other things, was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Soon to follow, Austria-Hungary invaded their enemies and created one of the most brutal wars in the world. It eventually ended with the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 where Germany took full blame for the war. What categorizes World War I as a total war is the effects it had on people outside the battlefield. In order to compensate for the poor economy, many government agencies were created in order to conserve and generate revenue during the war. Specifically, one of the major agencies was known as the War Industries Board, or the WIB. The...
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...The visuals included with the research was helpful when reading the author’s qualitative comparative analysis of multiple posters present in Spanish secondary schools and universities. This source would be useful in framing a qualitative study on gender representation in advertising present in public educational institutions. This particular study focuses primarily upon representation of gender stereotypes in public educational spaces and how such gender constructions effects the stereotypes that are inflicted and perpetuated in society on men and...
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...The Use of Propaganda and the Media by Political Groups Propaganda is a tool that is used all over the world to influence how people think. Propaganda has fittingly been referred to as “the weapon of mass persuasion” by the Canadian Broadcasting Channel. Propaganda can be defined as communications with the goal of influencing the opinion or attitude of a population in favor of the ideology of oneself or one’s group. The messages behind propaganda are almost always political. Governments and militaries around the globe have used propaganda again and again to control their followers. Famous examples of aggressive propaganda campaigns are those of the United State Military, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Emperor Hirohito of Japan and Joseph Stalin. In the past, printed media was the main form of spreading war propaganda. As society and technology evolved over the decades, so did propaganda. The messages hidden in modern media are far more difficult to identify than ever before. The use of propaganda has always had specific motives, but are the reasons behind war propaganda harmful towards society? What are specific ways that propaganda has affected the populations of the world? There are many negative examples of ways that the global population has been influenced by propaganda during war times throughout history. Propaganda produced by the government is almost always under-handed and one sided. There seems to be a formula for the perfect war campaign using propaganda that has...
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...most notorious hate groups of all time, known for the mass murder of six million Jews and over eleven million people in total were killed by the Nazis. They rose to popularity after Germany’s defeat in World War I and remained popular until the end of World War II. The party was able to persuade Europeans into thinking their hateful ideas were valid. They expanded their party from Germany to other European countries. They wanted to murder all of the Jews in Europe and was somewhat successful. The Nazis became uncommon after World War II. However, their legacy as one of the most horrible groups of all time, is still relevant today. Rise to Power In 1919, World War I put Germany in an economically...
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...traditional deportment which are characteristics of a given society, or of a group of societies, or of a certain race, or of a certain area, or of a certain period of time. (Margaret Mead, 1951: p.17) Definition of the Cold War The Cold War is the denomination given to the relationship that developed primarily between the USA and the USSR after World War Two. The Cold War was a period of economic, political and military tension between the Coalesced States and Soviet Amalgamation from 1945 to 1991. Following the terminus of the Second World...
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...Propaganda in the Second SinoJapanese War Submitted by Justin Choo How was propaganda utilised by China and Japan in the Second SinoJapanese War? Attacking the mind was an incredibly important Chinese military strategy and is highlighted in ‘孙⼦子兵法’1, a military treatise written by a high ranking military strategist, Sun Tzu. Propaganda was critical in keeping up the civilians’ spirits and preventing them from waning support which ultimately proved to be the ace in China’s victory against Japan. For example, the Chinese government imposed a strict media blackout on the whole nation throughout the Sino-Japanese War. The Japanese did not lack in this area of warfare either and held their own against the Chinese. Three main principles were instilled in citizens to assist the ruling government then. They are 国体, ⼋八紘⼀一宇 and 武⼠士道2 and ingrained the belief that the war was holy and that Japan would emerge victorious at the end no matter what kind of obstacles they may come across. The use of propaganda may differ considerably between these two nations at war but the results were exactly what the government had in mind - elevating the statuses of those who die for their country and glorifying the act of self sacrifice as patriotic. Japanese Propaganda Kokutai, literally “national body”, is translated simply as ‘sovereignty’ and in wartime Japan meant the Emperor’s sovereignty. Basically, the qualities that make a Japanese “Japanese”. The Ministry of Education then...
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...Albania suffered a greater influence from socialist realism rather than prose, unlike Kosovo, where prose was more exposed to changes from this art-leveler method. 3.1 Development of poetry One of the main reasons why socialist realism influenced more the Albanian poetry was related to the fact that this literary genre was considered a follower of partisan songs. Since they were the strongest expression of liberation cause, partisan songs embedded in the recipient, thus conveying psychological and propaganda effects. As Milazim Krasniqi explains "lyrics of partisan songs written by Andrea Varfi, Fatmir Gjata, Kole Jakova, Qamil Buxheli, Shefqet Musaraj, and even Mehmet Shehu and Shefqet Peci, began the process of changing the function of the aesthetic text and promoted that as an exclusively ideological function" (Krasniqi, 2005, p. 164). This feature propaganda function spread through poetry prevailed in a powerful way,...
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...History Notes Topics * Alexander II (1855-81): emancipation of the serfs; military, legal, educational, local government reforms; later reaction * policies of Alexander III (1881-94) and Nicholas II (1895-1917): backwardness and attempts at modernization nature of tsardom growth of opposition movements * significance of the Russo Japanese water: 1906 revolutions; Stolypin and the duma; the impact of the first world war (1914-18) on Russia * 1917 Revolutions: February/ March revolutions; provisional government and Dual power (soviets): October/November Bolshevik Revolution; Lenin and Trotsky * Lenin’s Russia (1917-24): consolidation of new soviet state; civil war; War communism; NEP; terror and coercion; Foreign relations * * Gorbachev and His aims/Policies (glasnost And perestroika) and (1931-1991) consequences of the soviet state * consequences of Gorbachev’s policies for Eastern European; reform movements: Poland- the role of solidarity; Czechoslovakia- the velvet revolution; fall of the Berlin wall * china: Mao (1935-1976) Conditions that produced authoritarian and single party states * emergence of leaders: aims, ideology, support * methods of force and legal used to establish authoritarian * form of government ideology establishment * ...
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