...In 1988, Vandell et al researched into the long term impact of day care experiences of varying quality. Are the effects of poor quality day care short lived, or do they have long term impacts on a child’s development? They researched into these questions, using a longitudinal research. An observational method was used with a number of 4 years old at different day care centres and again when the children were 8 years old during play sessions. The data gathered for behaviour at 4 years of age were part of a previous study by Vandell and Powers in 1983. The Observation at 4 years consisted of a total of 20 children, half male and half female. They were observed in a random order during a free play session at their day care centres for 20 second intervals for 16 minutes. There were three behavioural categorises used in the observations, positive/negative interaction with peers, positive/negative interaction with adults and solitary play and unoccupied behaviour. In the observation at the age of 8 the children were videotaped through one-wag glass for 45 minutes whilst taking part in controlled play with three other children. The play was designed by the researchers to encouraged social behaviour. Whilst the children were playing, the mothers completed a survey from the researchers regarding family circumstances and the child’s day care history. For each child a behavioural checklist was completed using three categories. The first category is friendly interactions meaning is there...
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...whether or not day-care is good for young children: Day-care is a term used for describing any situation in which the child is cared for by someone other than its parents for part of the day. Bowlby’s theory of attachment dictates that in a child’s early life they need a primary care giver and that the effect of having numerous different carers (i.e. sending a child to day-care) can in theory cause attachment issues as the primary care giver often switches the care of the child to new people when sending a child to day care however while evidence supports that day-cares may in fact cause developmental problems for young children there is also conflicting data that suggests the opposite is true and that children actually benefit from day-care. The NICHD study was done in the USA and aimed to find out the effects of day-care on young children. It did this by using triangulation in a longitudinal study that involved 1200 children from when they were born to when they started school. The study found that 3 factors determined the effects of day-care on young children. The first factor being the length of time the child spent in the day-care with the longer the time of prolonged day-care the more behavioural problems the child is likely to have which is similar to the effect the type of day-care has as nursery type day-cares also cause behavioural problems however they also lead to improvements in cognitive and language development. The final factor affecting day-care that this study...
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...The Effects of Nonparental Child Care Eric Mone SOC312 Professor Martha McFarland March 26, 2012 The biggest decision you can ever make as a working parent, the type of child care you will select for your child. The decision on whether to choose a child-care center, family day-care home, or in your own home with a nanny can be a stressful decision. Nonparental care has been a topic of debate that has been around for years. The debate can come from how the child is effected, socially, cognitively, psychological and emotionally, will there be a positive impact or will there be a negative impact on the child's life. There are three different types of childcare. Child-Care center, Family Day-Care Homes, and In-Home care takers which is more commonly known as a nanny. The home may be the child's own home, a relative's (grandparent, aunt, etc.)home, or the home of an unrelated person such as a babysitter or nanny. Home care can include the simultaneous care of many children from many families. Home care is referred to as family date care even though the family may not be the child's own family. A home child care center features one care provider who is always with your child. She might have an assistant, but for the most part the provider is the same day after day. This builds a routine for your child, making the day care process easier on everyone. In a center, the providers in a particular room change frequently, which can lead to inconsistency in the...
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...to spend significant periods of time being cared for by someone other than a parent." Consider the possible benefits and/or disadvantages of day care for children's social and/or cognitive development. Day care is a form of temporary care that is not given by family members or someone who is well known to the child, and usually takes place outside the home. This form of care is probably the most common situation in which infants and young children are separated from their primary attachment figure. The physical separation involved in day care may or may not affect a child's social and cognitive development due to a lack of emotional care during this time period. Social development is the aspect of a child's growth concerned with the development of sociability, where the child learns how to relate to others and the process of socialisation, in which the child acquires the knowledge and skills appropriate to society. Day care may have negative and/or positive effects on children's social development, and this has been studied by many psychologists. Bowlby (1950) drew the conclusion that prolonged separation from the primary attachment figure could cause long-term maladjustment in the child; this demonstrates that there is a negative effect of day care on development. Increased aggressiveness is thought to be an effect of day care on a child, as is disobedience and violence. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) carried out a longitudinal study...
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...PSYCHOLOGY – PSYA1: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY EFFECTS OF DAY CARE ON SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Letter- Should you take your child to day care? Well, I think that it is ok to take your child to day care, as long as the child is in a high quality day care, it is crucial, especially at the young age of the child, for them to be able to make attachments. In a high quality day care, the child should be able to have enough attention and care of staff to make attachments with peers and staff while they are away from their main parent/s carer attachment. However, day care can have a negative (and also positive) effect on the child’s social development, i.e. with peer relations and aggression. Firstly, day care can have a positive effect on a child’s social development with peer relations. Clarke-Stewart et al (1994), studied 3-4 year olds in day care. They found that peer relations were actually more advanced compared to children being cared for at home. Also, Shea (1981), studied children aged 3-4 and found that they were more sociable during their time in nursery. The improvements were found to be better in children attending day care 5 days a week compared to 2 days a week. This shows that it is good for children to be able to socialise with other children in day care, than to be cared for at home where they might not be around other children. They can learn social skills for development. Day care is seen to have a negative effect on a child’s social development of aggression...
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...CHILDREN FROM DISADVANTAGED BACKGROUNDS Edward C. Melhuish Institute for the Study of Children, Families & Social Issues Birkbeck, University of London Prepared for the National Audit Office The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the National Audit Office. Address of author Institute for the Study of Children, Families & Social Issues 7 Bedford Square London WC1B 3RA Email: e.melhuish@bbk.ac.uk Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 1.1. The context of childcare research 1.2 Types of childcare and pre-school provision 1.3 Evidence on developmental effects 1.4 Structure of report 7 7 8 10 10 2. Childcare as intervention 2.1 Research methodology 2.2 Randomised Control Trials (RCTs) 2.2.1 Ypsilanti/High Scope/Perry Pre-school Study 2.2.2 Abecedarian Project 2.2.3 Project CARE 2.2.4 Milwaukee Project 2.2.5 Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP) 2.2.6 Early Head Start (EHS) 2.2.7 Hackney study Table 1: Summary of Randomised Control Trials of Interventions 2.3 Quasi-experimental Studies 2.3.1 Head Start 2.3.2 Chicago Child – Parent Center Program 2.3.3 Syracuse Study 2.3.4 Brookline Early Education Project 2.3.5 Diverse State-based programmes in the US 2.3.6 Meta-analyses and reviews Table 2: Summary of Quasi-experimental Evaluations of Interventions 2.3.7 Summary of childcare as intervention 12 12 12 12 13 14 15 16 16 18 20 21 21 24 25 25 26 27 29 ...
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...Impacts of using day care facility on children due to maternal employment Methods of Business Research Submitted by Sumbal Syed MBA 14 14-1220 Research Title: Impacts of using day care facility on children due to maternal employment. Introduction In the past few years there has been an increase in trend for women to be pursuing a career, and hence, working mothers are bound to use daycare facilities to assist them in managing their children along with other responsibilities. These children therefore get a divided share of family/home atmosphere as being part of bringing up. As part of this research project, I shall study the impact of day care facility on the children of working mothers. Keywords: Maternal employment, Working mothers, impacts of external child care, daycare facility, child care, career oriented mothers, physiological health factors, personality development. Problem statement Our problem statement shall primarily be “The effect of using day care facility on child care due to maternal employment.” In simpler words, we shall study the impact of the use of day care facilities by working mothers and its effects upon the upbringing of children. Objectives There is a need to identify if this increasing trend is beneficial for the children in the long run or not. Thus, basic objective of the research shall be to conduct a study and conclude the following: 1. Identify their mental and physiological health factors affecting the children ...
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...| DAY CARE CENTERS | | | | | | Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction: 2 Thesis Statement: 4 Child Care Business 4 For-profit day care 5 Non-profit day care 5 Social Effects: 6 Developmental Skills: 7 Physical Skills: 8 Educational and Behavioral Effects: 8 Social problems and resolve: 9 Staff 9 Quality 10 Data 12 Pros and Cons Compared in Different Child Care Setup 16 Conclusion: 19 Works Cited 21 Executive Summary Many of the children in America and other economically developed nations are taken care by individuals who are neither their legal guardians nor their school instructors. Such organizations play a very important role in the overall development of the child, firstly they allow the parents to earn money for child’s future or in case of a single parent it allows the opportunity of employment to the parent, secondly it also helps in the development of the children by intervening in his normal course of study in his early years of studies, this mostly helps the children who are differently abled. This report brings out what is good for the development of the children, what a child care is all about and what is the viability of such an institutions? The basic motive of this paper is to bring out the positive and negative aspects of child care centres. Here, we give an outline of the quantity of kids being taken as subjects for our study; portray hypothesis and proof about the private's way kid consideration...
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...Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3 Pricing Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.4 Revenue Forecast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3. Competitive Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.1 Demand Effect – Changes of Prices and Quantity . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.1.1 Demand Effect - Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.1.2 Demand Effect – Preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.2 Supply Effect – Changes on Price and Quantity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.2.1 Supply Effect – Prices Of Productive Resources . . . . . . . 13 3.2.2 Supply Effect – Number Of Supplier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.3 Demand Elasticity Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.3.1 Substitutes Effects on Elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.4 Macroeconomic Environment Effects . . . . . ....
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...|Empirical Research Report Format |[pic] | |1. Title | | | | | |2. Authors |Affiliations | | | | |3. Abstract |Synopsis of study | | |Literature review, statement of goals, research questions, and hypotheses | |4. Introduction | | | |Participants, measures, equipment, statistical techniques, etc. | |5. Methods and Materials | | | |Summaries and analyses of the measures obtained | |6. Results | | | |Interpretations...
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...PICO Question Population – Mechanically ventilated intensive care patients. Intervention – Oral care with chlorhexidine. Comparison – Oral care with other chlorhexidine. Outcome – Decreased oropharyngeal pathogen colonization reduces number of VAPs and lowering intubation time, hospital stay, and mortality rate Does the use of chlorhexidine oral care reduce the number of ventilator-acquired pneumonias? More specifically, determine the efficay of chlorhexidine in decontamminating the oral cavity of pathogens in mechanically ventilated intensive care patients based on published scientific literature. Significance of the Problem Pneumonia is the second most common nosocomial infection in the United States and the leading cause of death from nosocomial infections. Critically ill patients are a vulnerable population that is more susceptible to developing nosocomial infections. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) occurs in patients treated with mechanical ventilation, and is associated with a higher incidence in patients treated with continuous ventilatory support. These patients have 8% to 25% risk of developing VAP, and the risk increases by as much as 1% per ventilator day (CDC, 2015). VAP is considered a serious problem, because it extends hospital stay by 6 days or more, has substantial cost implications of up to $40,000 per patient episode, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates (CDC, 2015). Strategies for the reduction and prevention...
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...P3 Assignment Jean is a 65 year old woman who is in a care home for extra support, she has two sons’ tom & jones who are both married and have 3 children each. She got married when she was 17 to john they are still married till this day, john visits Jean every day and has done whilst she’s been in the care home. Jean was a social worker so she knows how everything should be done to ensure the best care is provided however she was made redundant at the age of 45 as they had budget cuts. Jean like to garden and travel. The first predictable event that happened in Jeans life was getting married. This is a predictable event as everyone has the hopes and dreams that one day the will meet the love off their life and get married. The positive effect that this would have had on Jean, would have been really good as you were lucky to find someone who loved you as much as john loves jean, they rock each other’s world and without fail they dance to their wedding song every night under the start lit sky. The negative effect that this would have had on jean would have been big as she would have had to leave her home but she would also have the fear of another war and John having to go away. The first unpredictable event would have been being made redundant at the age of 45. No one ever expects to me made redundant they expect to be able to choose when they chuck the towel in when they want it all over. The positive effect that thing would have on Jean wouldn’t have seem like a lot...
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...PSYCHOLOGY AQA A – UNIT 1 Attachment is an emotional bond between two people, it is a 2 way process that endures over time, serving the function of protecting the infant and leading to certain behaviours (seeking proximity, distress on separation, pleasure on reunion and general orientation of behaviour) There is a Primary attachment figure (PAF) EXPLANATIONS OF ATTACHMENT: LEARNING THEORY Learnt rather than inborn Classical: Association Proposes that food (UCS) naturally produces a feeling of pleasure (UCR). The feeder (NS) becomes associated with the food (UCS) when the infant is fed. The mother eventually produces the sense of pleasure associated with the food. Pleasure is now a Conditioned Response which causes attachment Operant: Reinforcement (DOLLARD AND MILLER 1950) When an infant if hungry, they feel uncomfortable and I drive is produced to reduce this discomfort. When the infant in fed, the drive is reduced and this produces a feeling of pleasure. The infant learns that the food is rewarding (Primary Reinforcer) and begins to recognise the person that provided the food (Secondary reinforcer). Attachment occurs because the infants seeks to be around the person that supplied the award. Evaluating learning theory Research by Harlow (1959) suggests attachment may not totally based upon the provision of food. Harlow removed baby rhesus monkeys from their mothers, and placed them into a cage. In the cage there were 2 wire mesh cylinders. One covered in towelling...
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...of support Centre for Clinical Studies - Women's and Children's Health, Mater Hospital, Sth Brisbane, Queensland, AUSTRALIA Department of Health and Ageing, Commonwealth Government, Canberra ACT, AUSTRALIA What's new This review updates the existing review of "Gowning by attendants and visitors in newborn nurseries for prevention of neonatal morbidity and mortality" which was published in The Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2003 (Webster 2003). No new trials were identified as a result of this updated search. The conclusions of the review are unchanged. Text of review Synopsis Gowning by attendants and visitors in newborn nurseries for prevention of neonatal morbidity and mortality Newborn nurseries and neonatal intensive care units often require staff and visitors to wear overgowns with the intention of preventing the spread of infection. It has also been thought that putting on an overgown will remind people to wash...
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...and Dosage: PO (Adults): 40 mg once daily. PO (Children 5 yr): 15– 39 kg— 20 mg once daily for up to 8 wk; 40 kg— 40 mg once daily for up to 8 wk. IV (Adults): 40 mg once daily for 7– 10 days. Gastric Hypersecretory Conditions; PO (Adults): 40 mg twice daily, up to 120 mg twice daily. IV (Adults): 80 mg q 12 hr (up to 240 mg/day) (pantoprazole, n.d.). Drug Interactions: Drug-Drug: Maypabsorption of drugs requiring acid pH, including ketoconazole, itraconazole, atazanavir, ampicillin esters, and iron salts. Mayqrisk of bleeding with warfarin (monitor INR/PT). Hypomagnesemiaqrisk of digoxin toxicity. Mayqmethotrexate levels (pantoprazole, n.d.). Labs effects/ interference: May cause abnormal liver function tests, including increased AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin. May cause hypomagnesemia. Monitor serum magnesium prior to and periodically during therapy (pantoprazole, n.d.). Special considerations: Contraindicated in Hypersensitivity; OB: Should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed; Lactation: Discontinue breast feeding due to potential for serious adverse reactions in infants. Use Cautiously in: Patients using high-doses for 1 year (qrisk of hip, wrist, or spine fractures); Pedi: Safety not established (pantoprazole, n.d.). Potential side effects/Adverse effects/Toxicities: CNS: headache. GI: PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS, abdominal pain, diarrhea, eructation, flatulence. Endo: hyperglycemia. F and E: hypomagnesemia (especially if treatment duration 3...
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