...I. PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT: THEORIES A. Piaget’s Four Stages of Cognitive Development * Sensorimotor stage (Birth to 2 years old). The infant builds an understanding of himself or herself and reality (and how things work) through interactions with the environment. It is able to differentiate between itself and other objects. Learning takes place via assimilation (the organization of information and absorbing it into existing schema) and accommodation (when an object cannot be assimilated and the schemata have to be modified to include the object. * Preoperational stage (ages 2 to 4). The child is not yet able to conceptualize abstractly and needs concrete physical situations. Objects are classified in simple ways, especially by important features. * Concrete operations (ages 7 to 11). As physical experience accumulates, accommodation is increased. The child begins to think abstractly and conceptualize, creating logical structures that explain his or her physical experiences. * Formal operations (beginning at ages 11 to 15). Cognition reaches its final form. By this stage, the person no longer requires concrete objects to make rational judgments. He or she is capable of deductive and hypothetical reasoning. His or her ability for abstract thinking is very similar to an adult. B. Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development Stage | Age Range | Erogenous zone | Consequences of Psychologic Fixation | Oral | Birth–1 year | Mouth | Orally aggressive: chewing gum...
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...Submit by 2359 Saturday of Week 4. Name: Date: Overview: Life Review Analysis For this assignment, you will reflect on your interview with the older adult, introduce the individual to the reader, and respond to guiding questions to prepare an analysis paper. DO NOT INTERVIEW A FAMILY MEMBER UNLESS YOU OBTAIN COACH’S WRITTEN APPROVAL PRIOR TO INTERVIEW Your paper should include the following sections: 1. Introduction of Older Adult – This is the overall context of your interview but should not include the entire interview itself. 2. Analysis of the Life Review Interview – This includes description of the goals and benefits of life review, your differentiation between a Life Review and ordinary remembering and your analysis of the degree of ego integrity reached by the older adult. 3. Student’s Reflections – This describes your personal experience during the process, any impact it will have on your clinical practice, and a projection of your own legacy. 4. References – This is a list of resources you used during your interview and analysis recorded in APA format. Use at least 3 in-text citations of your sources. Use APA format throughout paper and references as appropriate. The paper should be no longer than 6 pages (not counting Pages 1-3 of this document and your page of references). If you have questions, please discuss them with your Academic Coach. You must also scan, upload, and submit your Interview Consent Form in the appropriate assignment portal...
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...by systematizing ideas and information coming from different, theoretical and clinical directions.” (Jones) His research and ideas paved the way for modern psychotherapy to be used by doctors worldwide. Psychoanalysis has been used since the 1900’s to treat patients with underlying psychological problems. • Psychoanalytic psychologists see psychological problems as rooted in the unconscious mind. • Manifest symptoms are caused by latent (hidden) disturbances. • Typical causes include unresolved issues during development or repressed trauma. • Treatment focuses on bringing the repressed conflict to consciousness, where the client can deal with it. (McLeod) According to Freud, the mind was made up of three egos. The Id, ego, and superego. “The ego represents ongoing conscious experience or awareness, while the id and superego represent the subconscious, of which we are not aware. The interesting notion about the subconscious, as conceived by the psychoanalysts, is that it controls the vast majority of our behavior. It would follow then, that most of the things we do are controlled by forces of which we are completely unaware. In fact, it is virtually impossible for you or I to become aware of what is...
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...2013 Name: Jakoa Holmes Name of course: MAN 2021-Management Title: Managing the EGO Company. Introduction: EGO Fashion is a privately owned clothing company located in Orlando, Fl. EGO Fashion provides unique high-end fashion for a more reasonable price that satisfies any ego big or small. I have been in business for 5 years started out as an internet company first, after two years of building cliental and reputation I opened my first store September of 2008 in the downtown Orlando area. My annual revenue is $150,000 after paying all the bills. I currently have 50 employees working for me in six different departments: Marketing Management Sales/ fashion Guru Research and Development Accounting and payroll Distribution Definition of Management: The definition of management is the way managers are able to motivate and lead employees to the pursuit of company’s goals effectively and efficiently. To be a successful company you must have a very organized and happy management team, because managers set the tone and mood for employees. In my company managers had to be able to follow before they can lead, as well as be people oriented, honest, outgoing, and disciplined. My company perceives management as both an art and science. The art side is the creative and stylish ways my company caters to your EGO we rely on our customers to provide feedback and there business. And the science behind EGO Fashion is the ability to use the scientific method to figure out if the company...
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...and why in this paper. According to Sigmund Freud in our text, there are three essential components: the id, the ego, and the superego. The id stage is more of a selfish state where everything is about you and only you. For an example when you are an infant everything is about you and only you. According to Simply Psychology, “The id consists of all the inherited (i.e. biological) components of personality, including the sex (life) instinct – Eros (which contains the libido), and aggressive (death) instinct – Thanatos.” In an infant, their personality is nothing but Id and then when they become older is when the other two stages fall into place. You cry for a reason and most of the time it is either because you are hungry, dirty, sleepy or even just need to be comforted. So there for you cry because you want your caregiver to feed you, clean you, or even snuggle with you so you can fall asleep. The ego state comes around the age of two or three when as Freud states, “the job of the ego to satisfy the demands of the id and to have realistic plans for obtaining what the id wants. Also according to simply psychology, “Initially the ego is “that part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world” (Freud 1923).” The ego is rational as it Page Two Development Theories tries to rein in the instincts of the id.” The ego state comes in when like a child sees another child eating something that...
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...Everyman’s ego demonstrates his ego most notably in these lines. His id demands him to keep his money and continue his frivolity, while his superego desires him to earn salvation as idealized by the church influence. His ego emerges to offer Death this bribe of money to allow both parties to achieve a semblance of their aims. In their 2006 article "Material Economy, Spiritual Economy, and Social Critique in Everyman," scholars Elizabeth Harper and Britt Mize further urge the significance of this bribe. They assert, “Everyman’s attempt to escape his summons with a bribe is an important backdrop to his interaction with Goods. At a moment a moment of some tension…the moment at which he will learn directly and finally that he has valued most will...
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...Erik Erikson Born on the 15th of June 1902, Erik Erikson was a German born American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst. He is most famous for coining the phrase identity crisis. Erik’s mother was from a prominent Jewish family who lived in Copenhagen, Denmark, little is known about Erik’s biological father and he was adopted by his stepfather in 1911. He was a tall, blond, blue-eyed boy who was raised in the Jewish religion, making him the centre of bullying at his temple for being a Nordic and at his grammar school for being a Jew. The development of identity became one of Erikson’s greatest concerns. In 1930 he married Joan Mowat Serson, a Canadian dancer and artist whom Erikson had met at a dress ball. He converted to Christianity during his marriage and they had two sons together. During 1930, with Hitler’s rise to power in Germany, the burning of Freud’s books in Berlin and the potential Nazi threat to Austria the Eriksons left to Copenhagen only to find out they were unable to regain Danish citizenship, so they left for the United States. In the U.S. Erikson became the first chid psychoanalyst in Boston. Erikson served as a professor at prominent institutions such as Harvard and Yale even though he lacked even a bachelor degree. Sigmund Freud described personality development as a series of stages. Early childhood being the most important. He believed that personality developed by the age of about 5. Like Freud, Erik Erikson believed in the importance of...
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...Psychodynamic Counseling Lec 2: * Psychodynamic therapy (insight-oriented therapy) focuses unconscious processes in behavior * Goal is client’s self awareness and understanding influence of the past on the present * 4 schools of psychoanalytic theory * Freudian (Sigmund Freud) * Sexual and aggressive energies in the ID (unconscious) are controlled by Ego (bridge between ID and Reality) * Ego Psychology * Enhancing ego functions according to demands of reality * Object relations (Winnicott) * Human beings are shaped in relation to significant others * Struggle is to maintain relations with others while differentiating ourselves from them * Self Psychology (Heinz Kohut) * Self refers to perception of experiences * Brief therapy focuses on issue and therapist is active in keeping the discussion controlled Lec 3: Object Relations Theory: * Object: a person * Relations: interpersonal relationships (including past) * Object Relations: inner images of self and other * Holding Environment “Psychic space between mother and infant (between psychological and physical)” * Theory : “failure of mother to provide a holding environment results in false disorder” * Transitional Object “object chosen by the infant or a living object” * Object cannot be imposed by another person * Functions of transitional objects: * Prevention of catastrophic anxiety due to separation ...
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...components that help us see and hear the reality constitute the whole. When viewed from this aspect, the holistic approach also applies to the field of medicine. While the concept of holism was first defined in the 1890's; in 1926, in the medical field, J.Smut in his work titled "Holism and Evolution" stated that "the world has been managed by a holistic process, in which the forms of substance increase continuously and new wholes are being formed" (Demirsoy n) and explained by noting that medical holism has individualistic, societal and environmental aspects. Human is considered to be part of the universe, nature, and supernature, in which they exist. In this perception, the spirit and body are designed with disease and health. The value of integrity is a significant concept for self-improvement and health. Therapy and cure with the holistic approach date back to 5000 years ago. Hippocrates (460 BCE-370 BCE), known as the founder of the medical science, emphasized that the holistic approach is significant and the spiritual effects of the disease must be considered. He emphasized this by saying "It is more important to know what sort of person has a disease than to know what sort of disease a person has"...
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...| | | Psychoanalysis is a method of modern psychotherapy that can be very useful for people who are struggling with longstanding difficulties in the ways that they think and feel about themselves, the world, and their relationships with others(1). For centuries great minds such as, Sigmund Freud, Erick Erickson, Carl Jung, and Alfred Alder have explored and experimented their theory’s against human behavior. In this paper we will discuss the influences of frueds work and how his prodecssor viewpoints expanded his thougts into the present view point of todays culture. Dr. Sigmund Freud “Sigmund Freud was one of the trailblazers of modern-day psychology. As the originator of Psychoanalysis, Freud distinguished himself as an intellectual giant. He pioneered new techniques for understanding human behavior, and his efforts resulted in the most comprehensive theory of personality and psychotherapy ever developed”(3). “Dr. Sigmund Freud explored the human mind more thoroughly than any other who became before him. His contributions to psychology are vast. Freud was one of the most influential people of the twentieth century and his enduring legacy has influenced not only psychology, but art, literature and even the way people bring up their children”(2). Dr. Freud’s theories became highly influential to the field of pyschoanlysis. His work was unparrel and his theories have foreve changed physconlaues to this very day. “Freud (1900, 1905) developed a topographical model...
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...ourselves when facing change. Personal Awareness: Through the various models discussed under personal awareness, the main learning points were: a) The OK Corrall: OK/Not OK with self and others. It tells us what our basic life positions are with reference to ourselves and others. b) Ego states: Tells us about the 3 ego states that we have - Parent, Child, and Adult. Through the TA questionnaire, I came to know about how prominent the 3 states are in my behavior. It was also discussed when it is important to keep the Adult in the executive and when it is okay to let Parent or child to influence your behavior. c) Driver test: Through this test, I came to know about my primary driver which is to be perfect. I also understood that all drivers are bad and how I can manage my driver. d) Emotional Intelligence: What Emotional Intelligence is and why it is important as a differentiating factor among leaders and what are its impacts. The EI model of 4 competencies was discussed. I was able to understand the following through this model : i) How I can be aware of myself and others? ii) What actions I can take to manage myself and my relationship with others? e) Integrity:...
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...Good to Great Book Analysis By Zain Muzammil Jim Collins “Good to Great” sold 3 million copies and became one of the top sellers in its genre. In the book, Collins takes up a daunting challenge in the book: identifying and evaluating the factors and variables that allow a small fraction of companies to make the transition from merely good to truly great. The extensive research conducted by Jim Collins and his team of analysts provides extravagant turnarounds of a few successful companies that were able to turn themselves from merely great to the greatest in the industry. Jim Collins believe that a great companies are always accompanied by “Great Leaders”, and he states them as Level 5 leadership. Great leaders cannot be selfish nor can they let their egoistic nature- from the position- to with-held the success of the company. Rather Jim narrates that they should be humble and modest. Ken Iverson, who lead Nucor’s transformation from bankruptcy to being one of the most successful companies in the world, was reported as being one of the most humble and modest CEO by board member Jim Hlavacek. Another key factor that Collins underscores as a part of Good to Great is the nature of the leadership team. He coins it as “First who and then what”. It is very important for a company to illustrate and reflect on the kind of leadership that a company has. If you have all the right people on the bus who willing to accomplish the unthinkable only then can a company...
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...doubt, though it was unpopular when he first proposed this theory.Still psychoanalytic had created a significant impact on American literature,especially on Fitzgerald’s works.Fitzgetald has already became a symbol of the Jazz Age, his honor and disgrace of life are extremly similar with Nick and Gatsby’s in the novel, but there is a lot differences after perusing. Personaly, Frued’s theory of Personality Structure is the key clue of main roles’ birth. Id, ego and superego these three personalities exist in the relationship between Gatsby and Fizgerald all the time. According to Frued’s concepts,id, ego and superego these three co-operate to make each of them can operate nomally,none acts independently. In the other word, the person who own the personalities will be dissatisfied when the relationships among the three parts have any contradiction. First, id——as the lowest level, which is isolated from the basic desires of all human kinds, meanwhile, id is out of constrains by social customs,logical and rational. The ego, which is usually contradictory. In the Creative Writers and Day-dreaming Fruede pointed out that there is two kinds of authors, one is kind of Epic writer, every work is based on real history; another one is who always tried to creative their own stories. Obviously, Fitzgerald belongs to the later one. The conflicting thoughts of Fitzgerald’s embodies on The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald had a very similar experence with Gatsby. In 1917, when 21-year-old Fitzgerald...
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...poor ranges from poor, very poor, and to the very, very poor. The topic URBAN POOR was selected from a group of topics given and then given emphasis by the author according to the relevance of this specific group in today´s world. Each condition is specifically analyzed in different aspects and parts to further understand the study. In doing so, one will be able to broaden one´s ideas and analysis in certain conditions in relation to the topic about Urban poor. This will also have an analysis of their general condition using a theory application- which most probably is CONFLICT THEORY, a theory discussed in class with relation to the Sociological Theories presented. This paper was developed as a requirement and further study of the Sociological Theories presented in class and as a meaningful output of all the lectures and discussions that happened during class. Analysis was done by choosing a theoretical orientation from the ones discussed in class. Students and professionals are the intended audiences of this study. This study will hopefully be of help in the development of concrete analysis and plans not just towards the Sociological development of the urban poor, but of the holistic development as well. The informations contained in this study were based on researches provided by related literature and on- line based sources, more of secondary sources. Sources related to the study are referred to the bibliography at the end of the study. Conclusions are from the author of...
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...experience (DeVitis, 2011). The stage theories are significant tools in understanding the psychology of human development. Each theorist offers logically uncomplicated justifications of human behavior. However, unanswered questions still arise as to how accurate a theory based on characterizing human behavior in general can be when applied to one particular individual. This paper will discuss and compare the evolutionary/Sociobiological, learning, and psychoanalytical theories and their similarities and differences in the overall development of the child (Savania, & all). Sigmund Freud who is often the most well-known person in the field of Psychology introduced the psychoanalytical theory. Freud believed that our subconscious and ego controlled much of our behavior. The learning theory, that was introduced, by Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, and John B. Watson, is that theory focuses on the fact that we learn by observing and behavior. Conditioning behavior was a large part of this theory in that a person can be taught certain...
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