...the audience of the effects of primary hyperparathyroidism and the cure for the condition. Central Idea: Primary hyperparathyroidism causes vague symptoms in the elderly, is statistically found more often in elderly women than in elderly men, although it effects all ages, and it quite often goes undiagnosed or misdiagnosed for other conditions mostly due to a lack of knowledge of the condition throughout the medical profession. I. INTRODUCTION A. It is benign, yet will slowly kill you within about twenty years if left untreated. It is one of the most underdiagnosed, undertreated and underreported endocrine conditions in the world, especially among the elderly, according to university studies performed at UCLA and Second University of Naples, Italy, Tulane Medical Center Department of Endocrinology, Norman Parathyroid Center in Tampa, Florida and the Center for Endocrine Surgery at Cleveland Clinic. Very noticeable symptoms in the young can seem quite vague in the elderly. So, what is it? It’s called primary hyperparathyroidism. B. Though there are two types of hyperparathyroidism, primary and secondary, I am going to focus on primary hyperparathyroidism for the purpose of this discussion as it is the most common according to the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Our four parathyroid (PT) glands, each normally the size of a grain of rice, are usually located in the neck on the backside of the thyroid gland, but have also been found higher or lower in the...
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...One must be informed about the background of pancreatic cancer. There have been six different types of pancreatic cancer found. Each form of pancreatic cancer relies on the kind of cell that develops it. The two types of cells that involve the pancreas include the exocrine cell and the endocrine cell. The exocrine cells handle the production of digestive juices while the endocrine cells control the production of hormones. The six different type’s pancreatic cancer is adenocarcinoma, islet cell carcinoma, pancreaticoblastoma, isolated sarcomas and blastomas, pseudopapillary neoplasms, and ampullary cancer. Adenocarcinoma affects mainly the exocrine cells and is the primary form of pancreatic cancer. It accounts for up to 95% of all cases. Islet cell carcinoma is an endocrine cell cancer and is mostly malignant. The tumors involved with this form of cancer can be either functional and produce dangerously high levels of hormones or non-functional, producing no hormones. Pancreaticoblastoma is considered rare and is found in young children whereas isolated sarcomas and lymphomas may occur within the pancreas but are exceedingly rare. Pseudopapillary neoplasms occur mostly in younger women while ampullary cancer is a type of tumor that forms at the intersection of the bile...
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...SENSES AND THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM TUI University Montest Bumpers Module 5 Case Assignment Anatomy and Physiology Professor Karmardi Mills December 17, 2012 What happens with a patient who develops a cataract? How does cataract formation represent a variance from normal anatomy & physiology? What happens in sensorineural hearing loss? How does sensorineural hearing loss represent a variance from normal anatomy & physiology? SENSES AND THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM For years now researchers believed that cataracts are developed because the proteins in the eye change as people age. The changes in these proteins cause the lens to become cloudy. Smoking, poor nutrition, eye injury, exposure to excessive sunlight, and certain medical conditions such as diabetes, also may be factors that put people at higher risk of developing cataracts. Cataracts develop slowly. Some of the first signs people experience is a difficulty in reading the newspaper, or they experience blurry vision. Over a period of time the eyes become more sensitive to light, and seeing at night becomes especially difficult. A common symptom is that people with cataracts often say they feel they have a film over their eyes, as if they are looking through a piece of gauze. The condition actually may benefit some people who always had trouble seeing things that are near to them, such as the words in a book. The cloudiness of a cataract changes how light is focused and temporarily results in better vision...
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...Body Systems and Diseases University of Phoenix Material Effects of Disease on the Health Care Industry: Endocrine System Health Complete the table below for 2 diseases that you have chosen that affects the endocrine system. In each box, you are required to list 3-5 bulleted statements regarding the heading of that box. Cite your sources using APA format. This section is due in Week Four. |Chosen Endocrine Disease or |Treatment Modalities |Cultural Beliefs/Practices |Epidemiological Statistics |Available Consumer Resources |Impact on Society | |Disorder | |Affecting this Disease | |(ex. financing, information, support) | | |Diabetes |Inhaled insulin |Utilizing information from a |Pervasiveness: In 2012, 29.1 |American Association of Diabetes |As indicated by the American Diabetes | | |New treatments |progressing government health |million Americans, or 9.3% of the |Educators 1-800-338-3633 |Association, 23.6 million kids and | | |Long acting GLP1 analogue |study, specialists found that Asian|populace, had diabetes. | |grown-ups...
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...Biopsychology The brain is the control centre for the body and it sits in the skull at the top of the spinal chord. The brain is so complex that doctors and scientists still don’t know what some parts do. The brain is made up of different sections consisting of the frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes. Memory Part of the brain that is responsible for memory is also known as the hippocampus, it is located within the temporal lobes, adjacent to the amygdale. The hippocampus is involved in memory forming, organizing and storing information. It is particularly important in storing new memories and connecting emotions and senses, such as smell and sound to, memories. A case study of H.M. (1953) highlights how important the function of the hippocampus is. H.M. was a man who suffered from epilepsy who had surgery to remove the hippocampus to prevent his severe symptoms. After his operation he suffered from major memory loss, which then went on to cause an inability to transfer new information into his long term memory. This resulted in the realisation that the removal of the hippocampus can have detrimental effects on the brains memory. Language and speech The Boca’s area is one of the main areas of the brain which is responsible for producing language. It is located in the lower portion of the left frontal lobe and was discovered by French neurosurgeon Paul Broca .He realised that people who had language difficulties often had damage to this area of the brain. This part of the...
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...Research of Literature for Case Study #5 Primary Hyperparathyroidism Carrie Virgil Gillette College Case Study #5 Primary Hyperparathyroidism Introduction Hyperparathyroidism is an endocrine disorder involving the parathyroid glands. According to Timby and Smith (2010), Hyperparathyroidism occurs when the parathyroid gland dysfunctions. Primary hyperparathyroidism and secondary hyperparathyroidism are two disorders that occur when the parathyroid gland dysfunctions (Timby and Smith, 2010). This case study will focus on primary hyperparathyroidism. Timby and Smith (2010) report that primary hyperparathyroidism occurs when excess parathormone is secreted from an enlarged parathyroid gland. Mayo Clinic (2011) notes the excess hormone results in increased phosphorus released in the urine and an excessive loss of calcium from the bones. According to Mayo Clinic (2010), the excess calcium in the blood stream causes hypercalcemia, which can cause a variety of health problems. Timby and Smith (2010) confirm that hypercalcemia can depress the responsiveness of the peripheral nerves, which can result in fatigue and muscle weakness. Fuleihan and Silverberg (2012) report severe bone loss and kidney stones are major clinical manifestations of hyperparathyroidism. Primary hyperparathyroidism is diagnosed by an elevated PTH concentration or by a normal PTH concentration with an elevated serum calcium concentration (Fuleihan and Silverburg, 2012). Timby and Smith (2010) state a 24 hour urine...
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...radiosurgery is a successful adjunctive therapy in Cushing’s disease: Case report Introduction: Pituitary tumors are benign tumors, which cause 20% of all primary brain tumors. Pituitary adenomas are categorized into two groups. The first is the secretory adenomas, which overproduce normal pituitary hormones; usually they are microadenomas, such functioning adenomas include those with Cushing’s disease (high adernocorotitrophic hormone-ACTH), Acromegaly (high growth hormone-GH) and Prolactinomas. The second are non-secretory adenomas. Cushing’s disease is an endocrine disorder, defined by excessive levels of cortisol, resulting from overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone by a pituitary adenoma. Although rare, it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In order to normalize the hazardous effects of...
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...Digestive Case Study: A Case Of Acute Pancreatitis Describe the Anatomical location of the Pancreas relative to the other organs in the upper portion of the abdominal cavity. The pancreas is an “elongated, tapered” organ that sits behind the stomach, across the back of the abdomen. The widest part of the pancreas is called the head and lies in the curve of the duodenum (1st section of s. intestine). The body of the pancreas extends slightly upward, and the tail of the pancreas ends near the spleen. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/liver_biliary_pancreatic_disease/pancreas_anatomy_function/Pages/index.aspx Describe the functional anatomy of the duct system that conveys bile from the liver and digestive juice from the pancreas to the lumen of the duodenum. Pancreatic juice is a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and digestive enzymes that travel through the pancreatic ducts directly into the lumen of the duodenum. Chyme is partially digested food that travels from the stomach into the duodenum, and trypsm, amylase, and lipase are the digestive enzymes which break down proteins, starches, and fats and are carried to the duodenum from the stomach. The liver manufactures and secretes Bile, which is a fluid released into the duodenum that aids in digestion of fat. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.visualhistology.com/products/atlas/VHA_Chpt14_Pancreas_Liver_And_Gallbladder.html Briefly outline the endocrine and exocrine...
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...Thyroid Disease The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands. The thyroid gland is found in the neck, just below the voice box. It controls how quickly the body uses energy, makes proteins, and controls how sensitive the body is to other hormones. The thyroid plays an important role in regulating the body's metabolism and calcium balance. The T4 and T3 hormones stimulate every tissue in the body to produce proteins and increase the amount of oxygen used by cells. These hormones are essential for life and have many effects on body metabolism, growth, and development. Several different types of thyroid problems may develop including an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), and growths on the thyroid that may be nodules or cancer. As mentioned in an article from Cleveland clinic, to control metabolism, the thyroid produces hormones, T4 and T3, which tell the body's cells how much energy to use. A properly functioning thyroid will maintain the right amount of hormones needed to keep the body's metabolism functioning at a satisfactory rate. As the hormones are used, the thyroid creates replacements. The quantity of thyroid hormones in the bloodstream is monitored and controlled by the pituitary gland. When the pituitary gland, which is located in the center of the skull below the brain, senses either a lack of thyroid hormones or a high level of thyroid hormones, it will adjust Thyroid- stimulating hormones (TSH) and send it to...
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...Thyroid Disease The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands. The thyroid gland is found in the neck, just below the voice box. It controls how quickly the body uses energy, makes proteins, and controls how sensitive the body is to other hormones. The thyroid plays an important role in regulating the body's metabolism and calcium balance. The T4 and T3 hormones stimulate every tissue in the body to produce proteins and increase the amount of oxygen used by cells. These hormones are essential for life and have many effects on body metabolism, growth, and development. Several different types of thyroid problems may develop including an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), and growths on the thyroid that may be nodules or cancer. As mentioned in an article from Cleveland clinic, to control metabolism, the thyroid produces hormones, T4 and T3, which tell the body's cells how much energy to use. A properly functioning thyroid will maintain the right amount of hormones needed to keep the body's metabolism functioning at a satisfactory rate. As the hormones are used, the thyroid creates replacements. The quantity of thyroid hormones in the bloodstream is monitored and controlled by the pituitary gland. When the pituitary gland, which is located in the center of the skull below the brain, senses either a lack of thyroid hormones or a high level of thyroid hormones, it will adjust Thyroid- stimulating hormones (TSH) and send it to...
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...Thyroid Disease The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands. The thyroid gland is found in the neck, just below the voice box. It controls how quickly the body uses energy, makes proteins, and controls how sensitive the body is to other hormones. The thyroid plays an important role in regulating the body's metabolism and calcium balance. The T4 and T3 hormones stimulate every tissue in the body to produce proteins and increase the amount of oxygen used by cells. These hormones are essential for life and have many effects on body metabolism, growth, and development. Several different types of thyroid problems may develop including an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), and growths on the thyroid that may be nodules or cancer. As mentioned in an article from Cleveland clinic, to control metabolism, the thyroid produces hormones, T4 and T3, which tell the body's cells how much energy to use. A properly functioning thyroid will maintain the right amount of hormones needed to keep the body's metabolism functioning at a satisfactory rate. As the hormones are used, the thyroid creates replacements. The quantity of thyroid hormones in the bloodstream is monitored and controlled by the pituitary gland. When the pituitary gland, which is located in the center of the skull below the brain, senses either a lack of thyroid hormones or a high level of thyroid hormones, it will adjust Thyroid- stimulating hormones (TSH) and send it to...
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...Robotic Surgery To Stay Or Not Too Stay The use of surgical robots has increased greatly and is continuing to grow. Although these robots are already being used they have advantages as well as disadvantages. Surgical robots are only going to improve the outcomes for the patients, surgeons, and hospitals and will keep improving as time goes on, overcoming the disadvantages that are seen today. Many different types of robots are being used to carry out surgical procedures such as the Endowrist, AESOP, Zeus, PROBOT, ROBODOC, SOCRATES and the da Vinci being the most popular. Also there are many specific types of surgical procedures that are being carried out robotically such as urological, gynecological, cardiac, and general surgeries. “Shorter hospital stays, smaller incisions, less blood loss, quicker recovery, less painful, reduced rates of bacterial infections and blood transfusions, eliminating the surgeons hand tremors, more comfort and decrease in fatigue for the surgeon, 3D view, superior suturing skills, reverse fulcrum” are some of the advantages that affect the patient. Disadvantages involved with robot assisted surgery are “high cost, the large size of the robot, lack of compatible instruments and equipment, lengthy set up times, longer operative times, lack of haptic tactile feedback,” but are believed to disappear with more research and time. Surgical robots could be the most successful and most used technology in surgery in the future. “A surgical robot...
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...in Partial Fulfillment for Anatomy and Physiology, Ms. Walter Spring 2013 Things That Can Go Wrong With the Human Body: Hypothyroidism Introduction: Over time, a significant amount of problems with the human body have evolved. These problems have been developed due to both environmental and genetic factors. Dietary changes and urbanization have also played a crucial role in the development of problems that may occur. Our bodies contain a number of functioning systems that are all imperative to our survival. Without these systems, our bodies would not function and in turn, we would cease to exist. The endocrine system serves as one of the body’s ways of sending messages to the brain. It includes a number of vital glands that keep our body’s performance stable and functional. The thyroid gland is one of the most important components in the endocrine system. It is located in the neck, just under the voice box. Its primary function is to release the hormones thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) which control body metabolism, by taking iodine from our food and converting it into these hormones. When the levels of T4 and T3 become too low, the pituitary gland must produce a Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) which then activates the thyroid gland to generate more hormones. (Norman, 2012). If the thyroid gland does not work properly, these hormones cannot be produced on their own. This condition is known as Hypothyroidism. This paper examines the types and causes...
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...Highlighted from The Endocrine Web the thymus function is, “Helping the body protect itself against autoimmunity, which occurs when the immune system turns against itself. Therefore, the thymus plays a vital role in the lymphatic system (your body’s defense network) and endocrine system.” Specifically, during adolescence, the thymus is instrumental in the production and maturation of T-lymphocytes or T cells, a specific type of white blood cell that protects the body from certain threats, including viruses and infections. As you age, the thymus secretes less and less white blood cells and instead turns into adipose tissue...
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...Study design : The study design was a human prospective case-control longitudinal Study. 24 patients twelve in each group with 41 implants sites, 19 in cannabis sativa group (CSG) and 22 implant site in the control group (CG) were enrolled in this study. Only Implant sites with sufficient residual bone quantity to house implant without bone grafting were selected. Approval for the study was obtained from the relevant ethics committee of the Union of Tangiers Dental Surgeons. All study participants signed up an informed consent prior to taking part in this study and to assure a follow-up for at least 24month. Patient selection Cannabis sativa study group and Group control: Patients were selected for both groups with partially or totally edentulous and implant sites were selected with bone quantity to house implant without bone grafting Inclusion criteria: The patients were selected and the study included both older exclusive regular cannabis sativa smokers and in the other side patients with non-smoking habits. For the cannabis smoking group twelve patients, males aged 38–60 years (mean age±sd 42,8±6,7 years), were included. The subjects were selected from the group of patients referred for implant treatment to the implantology Center of Tangiers in private practice. The patients in cannabis sativa group were...
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