...A few tips from FOCUS A few tips from FOCUS Renting Advice: Normal Living Rules: Some limitations which were agreed to before moving in 2 weeks formal written notice if you are moving Curfew for noise when living with a number of people If a homestay, eating with the family and letting them know when you will be home is polite and appropriate Unacceptable Living Rules: Limited access to electricity Unreasonable access to bathroom <30 minutes and laundry < once a week Limited access to food and water It’s definitely not acceptable if you feel unsafe or uncomfortable REMEMBER: **Between you and your landlord, you need to have a written agreement** Transport www.131500.com.au Advice services: http://www.international.mq.edu.au International Student Advisers: e-mail iss@mq.edu.au Counselling and Health: UCHS, Lincoln Building, level 2 Career Services: Lincoln Building, level 2 Study Skills Support Unit: more info on uni website FOCUS contacts: Email: Info@focusmacuni.org Website: www.focusmacuni.org Australian Slang Definitions: G’day Mate - HelloRidgy Didge - RealBudgy Smugglers - Swimming suit Fair Dinkum -Are you sure?Sheila - Real Banana Bender - A person from QLDBloke - ManAnkle Biter - ChildArvo - AfternoonAmbo - AmbulanceBack of Bourke ...
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...from, but how you would like to be perceived. The use of language one uses sends out messages of how the speaker wants to be perceived by others or to the speaker him/herself. People can rapidly change their language depending on situation and context, in the public eye one will choose their language to create an identity or sell a point of view toward how they would like to be perceived. Language can be a determiner of your level of education or a locational marker but these ‘common traits’ are usually quite generalized and will change depending whether an individual is trying to achieve an overt or covert prestige within a group or greater public. Many Australians who have come from overseas speak in an ethnolect; the variety of English these people speak that promotes maintaining or increasing social distance and stresses common bonds, experiences and knowledge between the speakers. It is a way for these migrants to keep their accent and embrace their culture because this is how they would like to be perceived by their cultural groups and how the migrant themself wants to be perceived. A good example of this is the ethnolect variety “wogspeak” (term coined by Jane Warren) which is spoken mainly by ethnic groups of Lebanese and European. Jane Warren states that “Language plays an essential role in the development and expression of such bicultural identities..”. What this is saying is these ethnic groups feel the need to express both their Australian identity but also their...
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...English is a West Germanic language that originated from the Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Britain by Germanic invaders and/or settlers from various parts of what is now northwest Germany and the Netherlands. Initially, Old English was a diverse group of dialects, reflecting the varied origins of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Britain. One of these dialects, Late West Saxon, eventually became predominant. The English language underwent extensive change in the Middle Ages. Written Old English of AD 1000 is similar in vocabulary and grammar to other old Germanic languages such as Old High German and Old Norse, and completely unintelligible to modern speakers, while the modern language is already largely recognisable in written Middle English of AD 1400. The transformation was caused by two further waves of invasion: the first by speakers of the Scandinavian branch of the Germanic language family, who conquered and colonized parts of Britain in the 8th and 9th centuries; the second by the Normans in the 11th century, who spoke Old Norman and ultimately developed an English variety of this called Anglo-Norman. A large proportion of the modern English vocabulary comes directly from Anglo-Norman. Close contact with the Scandinavians resulted in a significant grammatical simplification and lexical enrichment of the Anglo-Frisian core of English. However, these changes had not reached South West England by the 9th century AD, where Old English was developed into a full-fledged literary...
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...moment two cultures are in contact, there are exchanges of ideas, information, goods… and vocabulary. In ancient times, the Greeks created the concept of democracy, and the word that designates it, was borrowed later by the Latin before being used in English. English draws several words from the vocabulary of French cookery (chef, menu, entrée); the French borrowed musical vocabulary from the Italian (allegro, concerto), but with the birth of industrialisation and of new technologies, most other languages now borrow from English. In countries where more than one language is spoken, the phenomenon of borrowing is very frequent. Those different languages are spoken in very close territories, so that their speakers have contact with each other and by hearing the language of the others, they end up by integrating some words of the other language. Borrowings or loanwords, less numerous than words of the mother language (except with the Creoles) though, are extremely common in the vocabulary of many languages: this is an unconscious process and a constituent factor in the life and evolution of languages. In my essay I will show how necessary are the lexical borrowings to fill the gaps in a native lexicon. To do so I will focus on the reasons that pushed the languages to use loanwords instead of native words and the processes that are used to integrate those new words to a defined vocabulary. I will also discuss briefly the debates that arise in some countries about the real usefulness...
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...The impact of English loanwords on the Russian lexis for the recent decades Introduction Russian people for a long time have been involved into the political, commercial, scientific and cultural relations with other nations. At the same time the Russian language has been replenished with words from other languages. Loanwords from ancient languages Greek and Latin, words from Dutch, German, Polish, Ukraine and other languages mastered the Russian language in different historical periods without prejudice to its national identity, but rather enriched and expanded its range. Those words named new things, products, concepts, etc. Russian language vocabulary contains approximately 10% of borrowed words, most of which are nouns (Proshina (2006). Among those borrowings are many words from the English language. The most considerable penetration of English words in Russian language is observed in the late 80's - 90's of the last century with changes in political, economic, cultural and moral orientation of society. The Reconstruction and the collapse of Soviet Union have brought considerable changes both as in foreign policy relations so as in the lexical sphere of Russian language. This period is characterized by the democratization of the socialist governance of the country to the Western model. The reconstruction in the political structure of governance had played an important role in the appearance of words such as: president, vice-president, minister, prime-minister, mayor...
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...composed of the Celtics, Scots and Picts. German mercenaries came and lived on the northern areas of Europe. The Anglo Saxon people thought highly of themselves and felt confident that they conquered Britain. The conversion to Christianity, which occurred in the late seven and eighth century allowed them to have new authors who were considered important because of their work. Their work together touch basis on topics such as commentaries of biblical teachings and the most important topic in Christianity is sexual withholding, abstinence, and virginity. What made their work unique was that they wrote in Latin. They managed to accomplish this during a time where there weren’t as many other writings being written in other languages in Western Europe. The Germans had a different dialect which was mostly spoken in the North. There were similarities in the language spoken by the Britains and the Germans. Eventually this changed with the Anglo Saxon because their language was different from the people that they had left behind. Today this language is what is known as Old English. Our Modern English comes from this Old English. When you start comparing Old English, Latin, Greek you will find that most of the words have similar vocabulary meanings but are naturally spelled differently. Old English was more closely related to Germans and the Dutch. England ended up having more people that spoke French which consequently changed the vocabulary. Today we now have very little words...
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...of German Learners of English in a Linguistic Perspective Docent: Dr. Melanie Seiss English DO/MAKE compared with German TUN/MACHEN Problems of German Learners of English Sarah Heydeck Alemannenweg 12 79793 Wutöschingen Tel.: 01634253082 Email: sarah.heydeck@uni-konstanz.de Student ID: 01/813879 LA English/History Semester: 8 Wutöschingen, 31st August 2014 Table of Contents 1. Introduction to the Phenomenon under Consideration.. 1 2. Description of the Linguistic Concept Involved .............. 2 3. Description of the Study .................................................... 3 4. Results of the Study - Interpretation and Conclusion .... 4 5. Impacts on Teaching English ............................................ 5 6. List of References ............................................................... 7 7. Appendix…………………………………………………..8 1. Introduction to the Phenomenon under Consideration “Those elements that are similar to his native language will be simple for him, and those elements that are different will be difficult.” (cf. Larsen-Freeman/Long 1991:53) This controversial statement by linguist Dr. Robert Lado in 1957 was already refuted by a number of linguists a long time ago. (cf. Larsen-Freeman/Long 1991) The issue to be examined in this term paper illustrates that Lado’s first half sentence is not adequate to be transferred to real life. The intention of the paper at hand is to investigate the difficulties learners of English face...
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...to Britain with the Norman Conquest, the English language was about to face yet another significant modification. Despite conquering and staying in England for over four centuries, the French did not succeed in discarding the English language from Britain. This occurred because the Norman King and the high nobles that came to the isles kept their language, Anglo Norman, for themselves, while the church spoke Latin, and the common people spoke Middle English. This resulted in a trilingual situation than instead of eliminating English, enriched it, in aspects such as grammar, pronunciation, and most significantly vocabulary. In the second half of the 15th century England entered was it is considered its most brilliant age. During this period English underwent major sound changes from the Great Vowel Shift, in which long vowels changed their pronunciation. This means that a vowel that used to be pronounced in one place in the mouth would be pronounced in a different place, more upwards in the mouth. Besides this, the language also started to standardize to put an end to immense variety of dialects that spread across the nation, and to put a stop the arbitrary way in which words were spelled by each...
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...TRANSATLANTIC CONNECTION Do Americans and Englishmen really speak the same language? It isn't only a question of accents. Spelling and vocabulary are different on either side of the Atlantic, too. Some people would say that the differences are getting fewer. The now 'language' we call 'Transatlantic English' is helping to bridge the gap between our two countries. It's a mixture of British and American characteristics in accent and vocabulary, invented by the increasing number of tourists and businessmen who cross the Atlantic frequently. But wouldn't it be a pity if we all started talking English in exactly the same way? Variety is the spice of life and it's impossible to say that British or American English is wrong or right. Let's hope that we can go on being inventive in our own individual ways on both sides of the At lantic. The differences in spelling are well known — for "instance, words like 'colour', 'honour' and 'neighbour' are spelt without the 'u' in the United States. While the British have kept the original spellings of many foreign words now used in the English language, Americans have made a point of simplifying spellings and often change them in ways that seem curious to their more conservative British cousins. 'Catalogue' becomes 'catalog', and even 'cigaret' has been seen for 'cigarette'. Some of the differences in vocabulary could load to amusing situations. Did you know that American buildings have no ground floor? This does not mean you have to jump up ten...
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...male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2011 est.) Infant mortality rate total: 3.51 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.81 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.) Life expectancy at birth total population: 80.19 years male: 77.93 years female: 82.58 years (2012 est.) Total fertility rate 1.41 children born/woman (2012 est.) HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate 0.1% (2009 est.) HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS 67,000 (2009 est.) HIV/AIDS - deaths fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.) Sanitation facility access improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population Nationality noun: German(s) adjective: German Ethnic groups German 91.5%, Turkish 2.4%, other...
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...dog" is generally used for both of the domesticated and feral varieties. The English word dog comes from Middle English dogge, from Old English docga, a "powerful dog breed".[9] The term may possibly derive from Proto-Germanic *dukkōn, represented in Old English finger-docce ("finger-muscle").[10] The word also shows the familiar petname diminutive -ga also seen in frogga "frog", picga "pig", stagga "stag", wicga "beetle, worm", among others.[11] The term dog may ultimately derive from the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary, reflecting the role of the dog as the earliestdomesticated animal.[12] In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound".[13] By the 16th century, dog had become the general word, and hound had begun to refer only to types used for hunting.[14] Hound, cognate to German Hund, Dutch hond, common Scandinavian hund, and Icelandic hundur, is ultimately derived from the Proto-Indo-European *kwon- "dog", found in Sanskrit kukuur (कुक्कुर),[15] Welsh ci(plural cwn), Latin canis, Greek kýōn, and Lithuanian šuõ.[16] In breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch[17] (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter....
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...English around the world No one can deny that the English language is acknowledged as the dominant language all over the globe. It’s a language known for being easy to be learned, flexible towards new word entries, and its rich content. In fact, about 1.5 to 2 billion people worldwide speak English. It’s considered the language of education, communication, business, and politics. Actually, it took many centuries for the English language to develop into its modern form. In this essay, more focus is put on the English language through its formation and development, its status as an international language, its role in all life’s aspects, and the variety of English around the world. The diversity between the original version of English and...
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...Proceed, English 6, An English- Speaking World, Page 51 Reading comprehension Working with the text A What do the following figures stand for? A, 100,000 the number of all the words in the French vocabulary. B, 185,000 the number of the words in German. C, 2,700 all the world languages. D, 350,000,000 the number of how many people that are using English as their mother tongue. E, 5-7,000,000 How many people that spoken English in the 16th century. F, 750,000,000 how many people that are using English now. G, 80% of the information in the worlds computers are written in English. H, 500,000 all the words that are in Oxfords dictionary list. B What is meant by English as first language, second language, foreign language and “many Englishes”? Define the terms. First language: the language used as a native language or as mother tongue. Second language: English for people who have another mother tongue. Foreign language: English to help people to communicate with other people. Many englishes: English that are spoken in example Australia is different from English in America. Discuss C Arrange the following countries according to the kind of English (first, second or foreign language) that is spoken in the country. Use an encyclopedia or a CD-ROM to find the information you need: First language: South Africa, New Zealand, Canada Second language: Kenya, Uganda, The Philippines Foreign language: Denmark, Switzerland, Belgium In Australia English is speaking...
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...Саратовский Государственный Университет им Н.Г.Чернышевского Literary Language Formation of English Literary Language Выполнила студентка 411 группы Журкина Дарья Саратов, 2012 1. Literary Language Literary language is a developed form of a national language, with norms fixed in writing to varying extents; the language of all manifestations of culture that are expressed in words. The concept of a “developed form” is historically variable (in different ages and with different peoples). In the age of feudalism many peoples of the world used foreign languages as their written literary languages. The Iranian and Turkish peoples used classical Arabic, the Japanese and Koreans used classical Chinese, the Germanic and West Slavic peoples used Latin, and the people in the Baltic region and the Czechs used German. The popular languages supplanted the foreign language in many functional spheres of communication during the 14th and 15th centuries in some states and in the 16th and 17th centuries in others. The literary language is always the result of collective creative activity. The notion that the norms of a literary language are “fixed” is somewhat relative (despite all the importance and stability of the norm, it changes in time). It is not possible to imagine a national culture that is rich and developed without a rich and developed literary language. This is why the problem of the literary language is very important for society. Linguists do not agree about the...
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...French Introductory Course Michel Thomas Learn another language the way you learnt your own Michel Thomas, 1914–2005 Michel Thomas, the internationally renowned linguist and language teacher, who was awarded the Silver Star by the US Army for his bravery in the Second World War, died of heart failure at his home in New York on 8th January 2005. He was 90. To find out more, please get in touch with us For general enquiries and for information on Michel Thomas: Call: 020 7873 6354 Fax: 020 7873 6325 Email: mtenquiries@hodder.co.uk To place an order: Call: 01235 400414 Fax: 01235 400454 Email: uk.orders@bookpoint.co.uk www.michelthomas.co.uk You can write to us at: Hodder Education, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH Visit our forum at: www.michelthomas.co.uk Unauthorized copying of this booklet or the accompanying audio material is prohibited, and may amount to a criminal offence punishable by a fine and/or imprisonment. First published in UK 2000 by Hodder Education, a division of Hachette UK, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH. Copyright © 2000 Thomas Keymaster Languages LLC All rights reserved. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Further details of such licences (for reprographic...
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