...| Entrepreneurship | SBMG 6006 | | Discussion on an importance of risk taking and innovation in entrepreneurship. | | 7/14/2011 | | Executive summary: - This academic work explores that how risk taking and innovation play an important role in entrepreneurship process. This report provides critical view about these given topics by examined different models, theories and opinions of different authors etc. This report also puts light on differences between term entrepreneurship and entrepreneur. Methodology: - Introduction: - Entrepreneurship is a dynamic process of vision, change and innovation. It requires an application of energy and passion toward the creation and implementation of new ideas and creative solutions. Entrepreneurship has been categorized in different skills such as inner control, planning and goal setting, risk taking, innovation, reality perception, use of feedback, decision making and human relation etc. Miller (1983) defines entrepreneurship as a multidimensional concept encompassing a company’s action relating to innovation and risk taking and proactive measures.Innovation and risk-taking has an important place in entrepreneurship. Schumpeter (1994) described role of entrepreneurship as tendency of company to engage in and support new ideas, novelty, and experimentation that may result in new products, services. Risk taking describes the nature of entrepreneur. A.H. Cole has explained entrepreneurship as, “the...
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...acknowledging the importance of entrepreneurship in economic growth. Entrepreneurship in any society is influenced by various environments. Whilst entrepreneurship supports economic growth by turning knowledge into new products, new jobs and new firms, the entrepreneurial process is not full of roses; it comes with its own challenges. The writer will discuss about entrepreneurship, define concepts and sum up the discussion through a conclusion. Definition of key terms Entrepreneurship Timmons (2000), believes entrepreneurship is the process of creating or seizing an opportunity and pursuing it, regardless of the resources currently controlled. Wennekers and Thurik (2001) argued that entrepreneurship is the ability and willingness of individuals, on their own, in teams within and outside existing organizations, to perceive and create new economic opportunities (new products, new production methods, new organizational schemes and new product-market combinations) and to introduce their ideas in the market, in the face of uncertainty and other obstacles, by making decisions on location, form and the use of resources and institutions. Unlike Timmons (ibid), Wennekers and Thurik believe that entrepreneurship is not limited to creating or seizing a business opportunity, there has to be willingness and ability to perceive new economic opportunities(new products, new production methods, new organizational schemes and new product-market combinations). Entrepreneurship can thus be seen as...
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...The Differences between Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses; Strategies to create a Strong Entrepreneurs Shakarra Warner Principles of Management 27 January 2015 The Differences between Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses; Strategies to create a Strong Entrepreneurs In the modern world, people do not always rely on the traditional aspect of working for someone or a company. Many individuals want more control and power over their lives and money. With inspiration from a hobby or skill, some people decide to become entrepreneurs. According to Bateman and Snell, 2013 “…an entrepreneur is an enterprising individual who pursues a lucrative opportunity.” Entrepreneurs increase job development and decrease unemployment amounts that affect the economic growth. With all the benefits of entrepreneurship, state agencies strive to promote the awareness of resources available to build a better economic system while distinguishing an enterprise from a small business. Sometimes there is confusion between the meaning of entrepreneur and small business owner. Entrepreneurs are managers just as small business owners, but in a less formal aspect and without a hierarchy of management levels (Bateman and Snell, 2013). Entrepreneurs make an effort for growth and high profitability as their principal objective, whereas small businesses expect regular to reasonable sales and fixed growth (Bateman and Snell, 2013). It is important to know the difference between the two when deciding the types...
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...inherited a business, and is eager to take financial, administrative, and social risks and responsibilities, and participate in the day-to-day management activities (UNDP, 2004). Women in Asian countries like India, Myanmar and Bangladesh have played and also are playing a good role in politics. So, Bangladeshi women are enjoying freedom to join politics as well as business. But compared with the Unites States and the European countries, the number is still poor. In fact, women entrepreneurship development is a challenging phenomenon in Bangladesh as women are lagged behind (economically and socially) compared to men. Generally, women are more victimized as because of their illiteracy, unawareness, unorganized, powerless or less political representation, deprivation, rigid social customs, religious constrains and injustice by their counter partners particularly in rural area. Women constitute about a half of the total population in Bangladesh. So for proper representation of women in the arena of entrepreneurship development, "women should constitute 50 per cent of the country's total entrepreneurs." But the ground reality is totally different. "The ratio is not even 10 per cent. The actual ratio is much lower than that. We do not know the exact number of women entrepreneurs in the country,” There is no real information on how many women entrepreneurs exist in the country. 1 Background In Bangladesh women entrepreneurs are coming up. If the last 10 years are taken...
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...ENFB71-104 Entrepreneurship and Innovation Session 3: Entrepreneurial Strategy Baden U’Ren buren@bond.edu.au Level 4, Room 9 5595 2212 Overview Review of the readings Innovation and Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship in a Corporate Context Entrepreneurial Strategy What is Innovation? Something NEW that creates VALUE What is Innovation? “Innovation is the specific tool of entrepreneurs, the means by which they exploit change as an opportunity for a different business or service. It is capable of being presented as a discipline, capable of being learned, capable of being practiced” - Peter Drucker Source: Schaper & Volery (2007) Entrepreneurship and Small Business 2nd Edition. Wiley. p.69 Creativity ideas, concepts & inventions Innovation the process of development and commercialisation Entrepreneurship couples opportunities and resources Innovation Exploit Incremental Explore Radical Kirzner The producer-entrepreneur •Alert and responsive to opportunities that exist •Exploits disorder (gaps) to move the market back to equilibrium Schumpeter The innovator-entrepreneur: •Creates products and processes to disturb market equilibrium •Creates opportunities Innovation & Performance Some ‘stylised facts’ about the relationships between innovation and performance: Relationships between R&D, patents, new products and performance are strongest at the industry level, weakest at the firm level Returns from...
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...Entrepreneurship is the process of starting a business or other organization. The entrepreneur cultivates a corporate model, obtains the human and other necessary means, and is completely accountable for its achievement or disappointment. Entrepreneurship functions within an entrepreneurship environment (Maier, V., & Zenovia, C. P. 2011). According to Maier, V., & Zenovia, C. P. (2011), entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship are similar because both involve an exclusive business theory that takes the form of a product, process, or service, both are ambitious by an specific supporter who works with a group to convey the perception to realization, both are based on worth formation and responsibility to a consumer, and both require possibility and necessitate risk management strategies. Entrepreneurship would be a better advantage to me in my current career. Being entrepreneur is a challenging task to take on but the outcome will be lasting and fulfilling for my family and career. The purpose for me striving to be an entrepreneur is to set a foundation for my children to make their lives better and to give people a second chance that made mistakes in life due to environmental situations and or being young and lacking knowledge. Also I dislike the interviewing process and I personally never want my children to go through it and feel rejected; therefore, I am encouraging them to attend college and obtain a degree for the purpose of adding on to the family business or opening their...
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...providing graduate students skills in technology entrepreneurship and the commercialization of technology. We describe the lessons we have learned from fourteen years of developing commercialization of technology pedagogy and adapting it for use on four continents and within numerous corporations. We demonstrate that the straightforward theory-driven approach that we use to shape the curriculum improves our ability to learn from our mistakes and to structure small experiments to improve the pedagogy. INTRODUCTION Interest in the commercialization of technology and high technology entrepreneurship has increased significantly in the past decade. It is apparent that in many increasingly knowledge-based economies, effective managers will need to be better trained in dealing with technologists and in creating business growth and advantage through commercializing technology. Technical education faces new demands as well. For example, the National Academy of Sciences (COSEPP, 1995) issued a committee statement calling for rethinking graduate education for scientists and engineers to include the skills to promote the commercialization of technologies that they create. As interest in commercialization of technology has increased, so has academic research interest in this area. For example, the Journal of Product Innovation Management recently published a 2 issue special topic volume on technology commercialization and entrepreneurship. Topics included a meta analysis of success factors...
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...Introduction 3 Existing Market and E-Business 4 What is Entrepreneurship? 4 What is an Entrepreneur? 5 Who are the potential entrepreneurs? 5 Entrepreneurship as a subject 6 Conclusion 7 Reference List 8 Introduction This literature incorporates relevant quotes and theories from industry (Hospitality and Tourism) journal articles and books in attempt to deliberate: can “Entrepreneurship be taught?” Firstly, in light of the topic the meanings of both ‘entrepreneurship’ and ‘entrepreneurs’ need to be classified to create the foundation for this review. In order to answer whether about if entrepreneurship can even be taught, queries need to be made on what exactly is taught and how can it alter the mind set of attitudes towards creativity and risk; fundamental factors of an entrepreneur. In addition, the demographical target audience will also be reviewed over whether they fit into this reviews’ classification of what is an entrepreneur and whether courses can really be designed to teach the spirit of entrepreneurship. This critical review will seek to divulge the definitions of key points to the question and answer them in an argument that supports the theory that can “Entrepreneurship be taught?” Existing Market and E-Business Entrepreneurship is an important part of todays’ modern, technological and growing...
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...Analysis of current training programs of practicing MSEs owners with the aim of enhancing their entrepreneurship aspects. A case study of Roysambu. N. JORAM NGA’NG’A A research proposal submitted to the School of Human resource and development in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Masters of Science in Entrepreneurship of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. March, 2011 Declaration This research proposal is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in other University. Signature……………… Date……………….. N. Joram Nga’ng’a HD313-0402/2009 This research proposal has been submitted for examination with my approval as the university supervisor. Signature……………… Date……………….. Bwisa H.M.. Phd Acknowledgement I owe my family a debt of gratitude for where I am education-wise especially my mum. Am also very thankful to my supervisor for the guiding me through this tough moment. Any other person who has made an impact on my life: my friends, relatives and lecturers should also receives my thanks. TABLE OF CONTENT Declaration ii Acknowledgement iii Definition of terms. vi Abbreviations vi Abstract vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.0. Background 1 1.2. Problem statement 3 1.3. Objectives 4 1.4. Research questions 4 1.5. Significance of the study 5 1.6. Justification of the study. 5 1.7. Assumption of the study. 6 1.8. Limitations and delimitations: 6 Limitations...
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...only when he actually carries out the new combinations and loses that character as soon as he has built up his business.” (The Theory of Development, 1934). His belief holds true to a large extent and modifies the way we commonly think of an entrepreneur. He describes entrepreneurship to be process or activity that is carried out by a person. Thus the quality of this entrepreneurial spirit is possessed for only a certain period of time and doesn’t last forever. It’s the ability of an entrepreneur to identify what the market is devoid of, reacting creatively to the opportunity with new ideas and acting upon these ideas through a process of innovation to produce new goods, creating demand for it and giving it market value. Such a process leads to correction of market failures and deficiencies (Leibenstein, 1995, Schumpeter 1942). It causes changes in the market by creating disequilibrium of market forces. These changes act as sources of opportunities for the entrepreneur, which can be exploited. An entrepreneur plays the role of a risk taker who is able and willing to experiment with ideas and pool in resources to carry out the production process. This involves a high degree of uncertainty. ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND GROWTH Entrepreneurs are seen as agents that drive the economy into a period of growth....
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...“Entrepreneurs are born not made.” Critically analyse this statement with reference to the literature and to your experience of entrepreneurship. This essay aims to evaluate the various traits identified with entrepreneurs, and then establish whether entrepreneurs are born with these traits, or whether, they are shaped and developed through their life experiences. Put simply the purpose of this essay is to establish whether entrepreneurs are ‘born or made’. This essay focuses on two distinct schools of researchers in the field of entrepreneurship: The more traditional group of researchers has focused on the personality characteristics of the individual, the internal factors, whilst a second group of researchers have taken a social cognitive approach. They look at the relationship between an individual and his or her environment. The external factors include culture, role models, work experience, education, and environment. This essay looks at the early definitions of an entrepreneur, evaluates the literature which supports the theory that entrepreneurs are ‘born’, and also evaluates the proposal that there is a relationship between the individual entrepreneur and their social environment, that is, entrepreneurs are ‘made’. Cantillon (1756) defined the entrepreneur as engaging in business without an assurance of profits; thus the bearing of risk being the distinguishing feature of an entrepreneur. Jean Baptiste Say expanded on this by making the entrepreneur the pivot of the...
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...Course: Entrepreneurship ECTS: 6 Teacher: Prof. Dr. Boštjan Antončič, Assist. Tina Bratkovič Course Description The course provides an overview of the entrepreneurial process and is designed to give students an in-depth understanding of different aspects of entrepreneurship. The issues addressed in class will focus on psychological and sociological views of entrepreneurship, the identification of opportunity, entrepreneurial networks, corporate entrepreneurship and international entrepreneurship. Through a combination of lectures, case analyses, in-class discussions and exercises, the students will develop the knowledge and skills necessary for writing and presenting a business plan. |Course timetable |Topics | |Class 1 |Brainstorming session – selection of business idea (1) | |Class 2 |Brainstorming session – selection of business idea (2) | |Class 3 |Psychological and sociological views of entrepreneurship | | |Market opportunity and market analysis | |Class 4 |Entrepreneurial networks ...
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...Strategic Entrepreneurship Introduction: In this article, the main topic that is covered relates to precisely how strategic and entrepreneurial management are both combined and unified as a single management function. That is, Strategic Entrepreneurship which is a term vaguely coined by many describes the constant need of mangers focusing on objectives such as finding new business opportunities and taking advantage of creating short-term competition. An expectation of meeting such objectives creates a problem that is caused by having a select few elements of strategic management and entrepreneurship that overlap each other. Due to the general obscure understanding of how both strategic management and entrepreneurship are related, many studies have been conducted in order to better define Strategic Entrepreneurship. The article notes that in recent time, only one study goes to show a conceptual model of SE (Ireland 2003), but lacking in formulating a feedback loop between strategic management and entrepreneurship. Even though SE can be defined as simultaneous pursuit of opportunities and strategic advantages, the model presented by most early studies failed to pinpoint the correlation between the two. Due to the fact that SE is a new field of study, the article reviews all information on entrepreneurship, strategic management, and strategic information in order to determine the origin of SE, find the locus of integration, highlight the common components or elements, and...
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...essay, it would be found out that the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development is a multidirectional cycle, which means that they affect each other in two directions. From one direction, when there is a problem entrepreneurs would use innovation which comes from creativity to solve it by entrepreneurship. Innovation deliveries new industries or get exist industries developed and both of those actions will lead economic to develop. The births of new industries encourage people with entrepreneurship to organize new economics. From the other direction, the development of economic absorbs new investments. Those investments include not only labour, land and capital, but also innovation which can improve the new good or service. The development in new industry can also offer money or other capital to encourage people with creativity to innovate. Innovation can be protected by entrepreneurship because it relies on innovation. As Thomson Edison* said, his inventions were from seeing a worthwhile need to be met and trailed after it until it came. So it can be seen as innovations are from solving problem and creativity. As an entrepreneur, spotting a problem and turn it into opportunity by creativity is called entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship sets innovation to processing first and then gets profits from economic development. As Bolton and Thompson (2000) has recognized, entrepreneurship is about change and innovation. So every entrepreneurs needs...
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...discussed, declared to be social misfits and bastions of the private enterprise system. “An entrepreneur sees an opportunity which others do not fully recognize, to meet an unsatisfied demand or to radically improve the performance of an existing business. They have unquenchable self-belief that this opportunity can be made real through hard work, commitment and the adaptability to learn the lessons of the market along the way”.(Martin , 2010). Entrepreneurship is an act of being an entrepreneur which involves initiating in a business venture, gathering the necessary resources and assuming the associated risks and rewards. There are common traits associated with an entrepreneur, most entrepreneurs tend to: * Tolerant of ambiguous situations * Resist conformity * Enjoy risk-taking * Self-reliant, dominant and independent * Be interpersonally aloof yet socially adroit * Adapt readily to change The importance of entrepreneurship for economic development has been widely acknowledged in recent times. Entrepreneurship is assumed to be a major source of innovation, job creation and growth (Kunene, 2008). According to the SBA factsheet 2010/11, SME’s account for over 99% of the firms in the U.K and over 50% for total employment and value added. In the 21st century, entrepreneurs need certain skills and competencies. Due to the rapid and constant change in the business...
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