...of Languages, Linguistics & Literature DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH CONCEPT PAPER For Seminar Paper By JUVELLE S. CRISTOBAL MAT – ELA June 16, 2012 1st Semester, 2012-2013 A. Title B. Introduction * Rationale * Research Questions C. Review of Related Literature * Foreign References and Related Studies * Local Context and Related Studies D. Methodology * Respondents * Data Gathering Procedure * Research Design * Data Analysis E. Timetable for Research F. References TITLE A Syntactic and Comparative Analysis of Phrase Structure Rules Used in the Written Diagnostic and Term Composition of Freshmen Computer Secretarial Students in Bulacan Polytechnic College (Obando Campus) INTRODUCTION Rationale It is said that language learning is the product of formal instruction and it comprises a conscious process which results in conscious knowledge ‘about’ the language, for example knowledge of grammar rules. Although ‘language learning’ is considered less important than language acquisition, most of what is learned has been coming from the formal teaching in school. It is also said that the acquisition of grammatical structures follows a ‘natural order’ which is predictable. For a given language, some grammatical structures tend to be acquired early while others late. It can be derived that language learning could also be predictable and that grammatical structures are learned in an orderly manner controlled by the series of language teaching...
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...Language Acquisition Principles Patricia Hungerford Grand Canyon University: ESL 223N November 17, 2013 Language Acquisition Principles In this essay a professional journal article will be used to research language acquisition principles for ELL students. The article helps educators see how they might apply the information to their teachings in their personal situations. The author of this essay will also react and give her opinion on the articles content. The Walqui article will also be used to describe how each factor affects second language acquisition and address how educators can support the acquisition of a second language. Many things affect students learning such as factors that have to do with the individual, social and societal issues. These factors are language, language distance, native language proficiency, knowledge of the second language, dialect and register, language status, language attitudes, the learner, diverse needs, diverse goals , peer groups , role models, home support the learning process, learning styles, motivation and classroom interaction and quality of instruction(Walqui,2003). As an educator this essay writer needs to know what second language acquisition theories are important to use, knowing the previous afore mentioned theories and factors will help this writer as a teacher be able to meet the needs of my ELL students. We as educators must be able to use scaffolding, sheltered instruction, stages of language proficiency...
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...have shown the complexity and the specific characteristics of bilingual acquisition. Among these fundamental research, we can find Volterra & Taeschner (1978), Grosjean (1989), Romaine (1989), De Houwer (1995) and Genesee (1996), to name but a few. These research have highlighted the fact that Bilingual First Language Acquisition (BFLA) differs in many ways from the monolingual language acquisition that has been viewed as the ‘normal’ acquisition of language in the past. In this essay, the main focus will be on the bilingual-specific characteristics that children inevitably adopt when learning two or more languages simultaneously. We will see that to some extent, bilinguals can be compared to monolinguals. However, this essay will be centred on Grosjean’s quote ”the bilingual is not two monolinguals in one person”. The complex linguistic strategies supported by bilingual datas will reveal the singularity of bilingual language acquisition, which cannot simply be reduced to the idea of two monolinguals in one head. Studies focusing on whether bilinguals can be compared to monolinguals show some biased interrogations greatly influenced by a monolingual approach. However, research comparing bilingual language acquisition with the ‘norm, i.e. a monolingual language acquisition, have allowed us to understand how children who simultaneously learn two or more languages adapt their knowledge of the language in order to communicate. These comparative studies have...
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... | |Subject: |EML110 English Curriculum: Understanding Language and Literacy | | |This subject introduces foundational concepts about language and literacy as sociocultural practices, and theories and models of language acquisition and early literacy | | |development. Students will explore contextual factors that impact language and literacy development such as cultural and linguistic diversity, and the influence of | | |globalisation and new technologies on literacy teaching and learning. Students will critically engage with English Curriculum documents to understand the intent and | | |organisation of English through the strands of language, literacy and literature. Students will develop core practices related to collecting, analysing and interpreting | | |data in order to understand children's early language and literacy experiences in a range of contexts. They will connect these experiences to pedagogical approaches that | | |support literacy learning in Years K-2. ...
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...Running Header: Language Acquisition Language Acquisition Grand Canyon University ESL 523 August 2010 Abstract “Over the last twenty-five years, there have been major changes to the theory and practice of second language teaching and learning. These changes have been driven by changes in educational theory, changes in the way we think about language and learning, and the development of an active research agenda which has provided important insights and ideas for classroom practitioners.” Second language acquisition (SLA) methods are a controversial issue among scholars on the best approach to teaching a second language. At this time there is no official playbook on the exact best method for teaching a second language. Professor Rod Ellis from the University of Auckland in New Zealand wrote an article entitled “Principles of Instructed Second Language Acquisition.” In this article Ellis describes ten principles for effective second language instruction (SLI). These principles demonstrate both arguments of each in order for educators to reflect upon the processes. Language acquisition is the process of learning a language. The best method for second language acquisition is controversial subject among researchers. Rod Ellis’s article “Principles of Instructed Second Language Acquisition” demonstrates ten principles in which can be used as a guide line and reflection for educators to use for teaching a second language. This essay will summarize Ellis’s article...
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...Memory, Theories on Language Student ID: 21923613 July 12, 2015 Essay Assignment Exam number: 250391 Language learning from what I’ve read starts when you are about a year old. Learning theory approach to language development suggest that “Language acquisition follows the principles of reinforcement and conditioning.” They give one example in our textbook on page 232 about a mother praising her baby for saying “mama” which means the baby is more likely to continue saying it. Once the baby gets older the learning theory approach to acquisition no longer applies, because it has an issue with grammar. A child that might say “Why he walks away?” could be understood by the listeners around so it makes the theory harder to explain. So we might as well jump to our next topic in language acquisition, which is an innate process by nativist Noam Chomsky. Chomsky believed that people shared something called universal grammar. He also suggested the language acquisition device, it’s a neural system of the brain to help the understanding of language. There is also clear evidence from scientist who have helped this innate process they have researched. They have discovered that there are specific places in the brain that contribute to learning languages, and there are certain areas in the mouth and throat that help with new speech. There is also some research on how some languages need a different tone in speech such as pitch to make a words mean different things such as Chinese. In...
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...English Language Acquisition through Educational Computer Game for Young Learner Technology has grown into something which is really sophisticated recently. It affects almost every aspect in this world. Education is one of the aspects that cannot dodge the mass effect of technology. Recently, educators are addicted to include technology in their teaching activities. Many programs and applications have been invented to aid the educators. Students are also familiar with technology. Even the young learners have been exposed to technology. Some are even able to use technology as well. Young learners in this era can be called as a digital learner. They are studying in the middle of digital era. That is, they will be more and more exposed to technology. Technology can also be really helpful in English language acquisition for young learner. Regarding the fantastic effect of technology, the enchantment of technology as one of interesting media and the nature of young learner that is tend to play, educational computer game will be one of the most enjoyable and fun media to help young learners acquire English language. Therefore, this essay will describe why computer game should be used as one media to help young learner acquire English in school. Teaching language for young learner using computer may be challenging in some ways. There are many things to be considered before the teachers can use the computer as the aid in their class and to perform the gaming activities...
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..."What have you learnt about language acquisition from children's early words and meanings?" A child acquires language through a variety of sources. In this essay I will be explaining how children acquire words and meanings when learning language. A child goes through various stages of acquiring words. They being the cooing stage which means they are making open vowel sounds. This then adapted into a consonant vowel pattern in the babbling stage. The child then begins to use proto-words that they may not understand. Finally they use productive vocabulary to express needs or wants. The early words and meanings a child acquires, are mainly influenced by their environment and personality. This is shown in Nelsons experiment where she determined that when a child starts to use early words their functions could be put into four categories of naming, action, social and modifying. When looking at a transcript of a child’s early words the influences on vocabulary could be seen. Using names such as “mummy” or “cup” shows the child is referential meaning they use concrete nouns often. Whereas a child that uses many action and social words like “play” and “hello” is more expressive and use abstract nouns. This is also evident in the Social Inertactionist Theory. Bruner suggested that children acquire language through nature and nurture, so children in different environments with different parents would develop distinctive words and meanings that relate to their own personal surroundings...
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...giving it the most diversity people have seen in a lifetime. Although it is a common misconception, these people are not just looking to live in America for working privileges. Their real desire is to become something that depicts pride and honor, an American. Being an American in a country as diverse as ours means more than just living on American soil, it has endless benefits that allows one to feel free. Unfortunately, the rapid flow of immigrants into America has led to many issues. One of the main ones is the concept of assimilation, which has been disputed for years due to the capacity of the incoming immigrants. Jay Nordlinger, in his essay “Bassackwards: Construction Spanish and Other Signs of the Times” notes that not “everyone who comes to America is dying to melt into the pot”. Yet he stresses, as does Linda Chavez in her essay “Supporting Family Values”, the need for immigrants to assimilate to American culture. These two concepts have been floating around America since the first illegal immigrants started to show up and they’ve been controversial ever since. Everyone is looking for a happy medium for the issue but can’t seem to find it. Recent immigrants are being expected to trade their ethnic and national identities for new American identities, and the concept of ‘Americanization’ commences. Is the idea of American culture as a “melting pot” still valid, or are immigrants becoming ‘Americanized’? Being an American means to live on American soil. But more than that...
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...Learning/teaching English Language Abdullah Ibrahem Alorini Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University Introduction The Internet offers tons of information and unlimited resources that people can use in order to expose them to authentic language use. Exposure, however, is not enough to trigger language acquisition. People need to be acquainted the use of computers to enhance language acquisition. The aim of this paper is to prove that Internet is a great influence to Enhance English communication skills through their exploration of the Internet that will ultimately help them improve communication skills and enrich their vocabulary. The Internet offers tons of information and unlimited resources that people can use in order to expose them to authentic language use. Exposure, however, is not enough to trigger language acquisition. People need to be acquainted the use of computers to enhance language acquisition. (Mei Lin, Caroline. 2007) Literature Review In a Study by Yi Zhou about Attitudes and Motivation toward learning a second language in an internet-based informal context: Perception of University ESL Students done in university of Windsor, Ontario, Canada; the study investigates the motivational factors for learning English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL). One of the purposes of the study is to benefit the educators and the instructors to gain a better understanding of the characteristics inherent to a internet-based concept to help support language learning motivation and...
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...Crossing Boundaries – an interdisciplinary journal VOL 1, No 3 - Fall 2002 From Communicative Competence to Language Awareness: An Outline of Language Teaching Principles MANUEL SINOR Department of Linguistics, University of Alberta This essay offers a critical review of some key theoretical issues relevant to second language acquisition and considers the practical implications of these issues on language teaching. The discussion advocates a renewed communicative approach to language pedagogy, which entails the educators’ readiness to act as teacher-researchers, their cautious considerations of individual learner differences, their familiarity with some defining aspects of human learning, and their willingness to encourage the learners’ discovery of formal language properties in a reflective and autonomous manner. 1 Introduction This essay reviews some of the key theoretical notions associated with second language acquisition and considers the pedagogical relevance of these notions. In order to relate the discussion to the practicalities of language teaching, we refer to the hypothetical case of ten adult learners of English, freshly arrived from Japan for a six-month course at a Canadian language school. These learners have earned their title of “mature students” not only from their middle age range, but also because their country’s Foreign Office selected them for their motivation to study English in Canada. Despite this promising background, two burning questions...
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...Writing the Reading Unit Research essay confirmed that I have failed to address that my skills are limited in writing a research paper. Over the course of this assignment I accumulated a respectable amount of data and learned more strategies than I illustrated. I failed to apply concepts from Dr. Case English 3640, Writing in a Second language, class that I had learned. I printed out and read half a dozen articles conducive to the topic of teaching reading. I annotated, highlighted, brainstorming the main ideas, while considering the supporting ideas that can work in my paper. I drew mind maps, four of them to be exact, as the drafting progress and found myself trying to explain Chomsky and Krashen theories after I had sold my soul to Miller....
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...Since ancient ages, a lot has been talked about the matter of communication between the two sexes. Do men and women speak differently, or do they speak alike? Do men speak to command attention and authority? Are women more likely to speak in a more deferential tone? Are there any notable differences in the speaking styles of women and men? In antiquity, the answer was a simple and fascinating ‘yes’. In his essay “Sex Differences”, Ronald Macaulay believes there is no differences as such that affects language acquisition, although social factors interfere in the way they both talk. In contrast, Janet Holmes expresses in her essay “Women talk too much” that language is biased because it is men who have positions of power and seek authority, who judges when talk is too much, when its appropriate, and that women assert themselves less when speech is more valued. As we progress, we shall examine more closely their positions and expose the nature of their claims. In fact, the use and style in language has no bearing on one’s gender. The way one communicates with others has much to do with personal life experiences, self-image, and the overall make up of our personality and character. According to Macaulay, women are more straightforward and use the language in a simpler manner while men tend to be more creative. First of all, men are associated with toughness and aggression, sometimes boldness whereas women are associated with sweetness, being innocent, shy and loyal. These...
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...Meaning & Nature of Language Introduction Language is the heart of our world. We create our concept of the world by thinking and naming things. Using words helps us communicate effectively in different situations. Without language, we would not be able to communicate at all. Verbal communication is one of life's naturally occurring communication systems. Communication is essential for human beings. Language is the primary way in which adults pass ways of thinking and conversing on to their children. Language is an accumulation of knowledge because we learned everything by somebody through language. Society would have to recreate itself every generation if it could not pass its knowledge on through language. Language is one of the most powerful tools in human communication. Words are meant to establish and maintain friendly contact. Through words, people shape their identities. People can express their feelings, attitudes, and experiences to each other through words. By speaking, information can be give to others about oneself and the world around him/her. In Christine Leong's essay Being A Chink, she describes the power of language. She said, "It gives us identity, personality, social status, and it also creates communities, defining both insiders and outsiders. Language has the ability to heal or to harm, to praise or belittle, to promote peace or even to glorify hate." I believe this is what language is all about. Language has two purposes. Depending...
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...The first project is analyzing a specific cultural artifacts name Ushanka, a Russian Winter has rose to prominence around the world. Doubted as one of the most effective winter hat in counteracting the brutally cold weather. I begin my essay with an extraordinary attention getter that engaging audience to activate their world of imagination. Although this fresh start provides a clear inquiry question that easily, allow readers to understand the focus of this project. However, I might have inadvertently influence my audience with promising initial claims in my thesis statement. To which, the claims did not really ties back to my inquiry question and fail to establish connection with my conclusion. Therefore, I received mix review of criticism,...
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