...Freddie Ntunga | Student ID Number: 21608670 Bucks New University Abstract An Essay Discusing the ImpacT of Sickle Cells on an Individual Health & Illness across the Life Span Introduction The concept of health is purely abstract in form and therefore remains indefinable to a great extent. It may be referred to an aspect that is considered to be prima facie with regard to the fulfilment of all kinds of objectives of human life. Being healthy does not essentially refer to being disease free only, as the World Health Organiastion definition of health encompasses a state of well being from the mental, psychological, social and physical perspectives. For providing a comprehensive definition to the concept of health it is vital to focus on the various aspects of health. The definitions of health can either address the functional needs of the humans which would put more attention on the individual’s ability to deal with various kind of situations and head towards its destination or from the humanist approach it can be considered as the state of self actualization that can be linked with empowerment. Health in other words can be stated as a pulpit which begets achievement. Health is the result of the natural environment, the built up environment and the social environment that the individuals are surrounded with from the time of its very conception ( Zhang et al,.2011). The natural environment constitutes the genetic background of the individuals involving certain unique...
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...and objective data. Here Gordan’s 11 functional health assessment patterns are used to assess this family. The Gordon’s functional assessment patterns are a valuable tool for assessing and evaluating the family’s traditional health patterns, and permitting the health care provider to look at the inside of the overall health of the particular family. Family Background The family I selected belongs to an African ethnic group. This essay discusses the health pattern and functions of Nyennoh’s family. This is a nuclear family with mother of age 32 father of 34 and three children of age groups, eleven year old boy, nine year old girl and five year old boy. Both of the parents are working, and splitting their days of taking care of the children. Mother is working as a nurse at the hospital for three days and father working as a respiratory therapist at the neighborhood hospital for three days. The children are going to the neighborhood school. Among their three children, nine year old girl has been diagnosed with sickle cell anemia from the...
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...Genetic disorders are an unfortunate but real part of human life. There are thousands of genetic disorders in the world, some more common than others. Genetic disorders may vary in regards to manifestations in people from age, gender, health, population, and many more factors. For example, there are X-linked disorders which are carried by women and present mostly in males, such as color blindness. There are also disorders which are much more prevalent in men such as color blindness, and disease much more evident in African Americans such as sickle cell anemia. However, what all genetic disorders have in common is that they are born at the cell level and derived from genetic mutations. There are some genetic disorders which require intense treatment,...
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...ESSAY ON ANAEMIA Anemia is a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. The word anemia comes from two Greek roots, together meaning “without blood.” At the beginning of the nineteenth century, “anemia” referred to the pallor of the skin and mucous membranes. After medical science advanced, blood cell counts could be done. Anemia became the disease we know today. Mild anemia may have no outer symptoms. Weakness, fatigue, and pallor are very common symptom. Symptoms of severe anemia are shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, lightheadedness, headache, ringing in the ears, irritability, restless leg syndrome, mental confusion, dizziness, fainting, and dimmed vision. Iron deficiency anemia- the most common type of anemia; occurs because of low iron levels. Folic acid deficiency anemia- levels of folic acid are low because of inadequate dietary intake or faulty absorption. Pernicious anemia- inability of the body to properly absorb vitamin B12 Hemolytic anemia- red blood cells are destroyed prematurely. Sickle cell anemia- inherited abnormality of hemoglobin; occurs mainly in people of African or Mediterranean decent. Thalassemia anemia- inherited disorder in the synthesis of hemoglobin. A plastic anemia- decreased bone marrow production. Determining the cause of anemia is very important because it may be the sign of a very serious illness. A physician should ask about family history of anemia, gallbladder disease, jaundice, and enlarged spleen. A stool test...
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...Describe how haemoglobin binds and releases oxygen, emphasising the role of cooperativity. In this essay I will be describing how haemoglobins ability to change its structure between tense and relaxed form gives it the ability to change its affinity for binding and releasing oxygen, and how this regulation, cooperativity, enables the protein to carry out its function of transporting oxygen from the lungs to respiring tissues efficiently. The structure of haemoglobin consists of 4 polypeptide chains, 2 alpha chains 141 amino acids in length and 2 beta chains 146 amino acids in length which, are both structurally similar (diatronic). Attached to each chain is a haem group which involves Fe2+ ion held in a heterocyclic ring known as porphyrin(bristol). Iron in haem is bound to 4 nitrogen atoms in the centre of the ring, leaving two binding sites, one site is occupied by a polar histidine which leaves the last site available for binding with oxygen (bristol). Haem is a prosthetic group as it is bound firmly within the active centre of the medium that it can leave the protein (book). Haemoglobin has the ability to change shape based on the environmental conditions and comes in two structures, relaxed and tense. The difference between these two structures is a 15 degree rotation between the alpha and beta dimers (davidson). This rotation changes the...
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory * Join * Search * Browse * Saved Papers ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form * Home Page » * Science Cognitive In: Science Cognitive Discuss the impact of chronic medical conditions on adolescents (12-18yo) and identify ways of promoting resilience or positive development (1300 min-1500 max words). A chronic or long-term illness results in major physical and psychological changes to the individual. The illness requires them to adjust to the burdens of the therapy implicated to treat the condition. There are multiple emotional, cognitive, motivational and behavioral factors that are stressed during the ongoing illness that hinders the individuals ability to develop and function healthily within Sigmund Freuds psychodynamic structure. Additional theories according to B.F Skinner, Mccrae & Costa and Carl Rogers compliment the idea that chronic illness will impact the individual’s ability to keep a positive self-esteem and develop socially and autonomously through adolescents. We will look into the specific factors that are impacted by chronic illness’, how exactly they relate to the responses of adolescent individual, how it affects their relationships with families and medical staff, and identify ways in which we can promote positive development despite the burden of a wide range of chronic illness’...
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...THE CAUSE AND EFFECT OF ADVERTIZING FOR BLOOD DONATION Meskerem B. Alemu ENG 115 ENGLISH COMPOSITIONS STRAYER UNIVERSITY Cathy G.Para April 25, 2013 Introduction Donating blood is one of a voluntary and interesting people they can doing at the minimum age of starting from 15 and above, and especially the youngest people involved in voluntary activities, it takes just a few time and noting affect by any donor person health. It is a great deal of emphasis placed on helping others in high school and different organization. Example, many schools require students to perform volunteering in various activities prior to graduation, the one activities is to donated blood, And in different organization employees of all ages require to helping people they are volunteering to donate blood too, in this case government agencies including military services expect involved this volunteer services, specially military department is a great location to get blood, so government should be make advertisement about blood donation in every public area. The major cause to advertising blood donation As public relation specialist, advertising is one part of the task that he/she does for succeeding the mission and vision of a certain issue, institution or organization. From the situation given on the second point, there have been many campaigns in order to promote blood donation over the last thirty years (APA, 2013). To give them Awareness The purpose and focus of these advertisements...
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...ology Chapter 13 Lecture Outline Introduction Clown, Fool, or Simply Well Adapted? A. Review: Evolution is the central theme of biology. Evolutionary adaptation is a universal characteristic of living things (see Module 1.6). NOTE: More than any other idea in biology, evolutionary theory serves to tie the discipline together. T. Dobzhansky: “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.” B. If you look at any organism critically, you are first struck by the differences from other organisms. 1. Further observation often reveals that an organism’s features show some relationship to where the organism lives and what it does in its environment. 2. The blue-footed booby has enormous webbed feet, an oil producing gland that keeps the booby afloat, a nostril that can close under water that prevents water from entering the lungs, a gland that secrets salt from consumed sea water, and a torpedo-like body—all adaptations that make life on the sea feasible. I. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Module 13.1 A sea voyage helped Darwin frame his theory of evolution. A. Awareness of each organism’s adaptations and how they fit the particular conditions of its environment helps us appreciate the natural world (Figure 13.1A). B. Early Greek philosophers held various views. Anaximander (about 2,500 years ago) suggested that life arose in water and that simpler forms...
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...Melissa Maitland Professor Hubert American Government 23 November 2015 Where Does the Law Stop For years the insanity defense has turned into a difficult defense system in the court of law. The exact law changes from state to state, but the main idea remains the same. The insanity defense could apply and be used on an individual who is considered legally insane. The individual must have a severe mental disease or defect, their lawyer must prove that they were at the time of the crime. We need to abolish the insanity plea and make the death penalty the law of the land again. An individual accused of a crime can pled guilty that they committed the crime, or argue that they are not responsible for it because of a mental illness. “Not guilty by reason of insanity.” There’s an important distinction between pleading guilty by reason of insanity and diminished capacity. Diminished capacity is pleading to a lesser crime. Pleading insanity is a full defense to a crime, it’s equivalent to pleading “not guilty.” The insanity defense is a compromise on part of society and the law. Society believes that criminals should be punished for the crimes they committed and society believe that people who are ill should receive treatment for their illness. When we talk about the insanity defense, we go to the M'Naghten rule. The M'Naghten rule is the required test that must be given before the jury can decide whether the individual on trial knew that he or she could not tell right from...
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...Exam #4 Review Comprehensive and/or early Weeks Know all conditions that cause splenomegaly All associated diseases with EBV Week 1 Mechanisms of Cellular Adaptation Types of necrosis and pathology where most likely found. Apply the definitions of Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, hypoplasia, dysplasia, and metaplasia. Week 2 Pain Throughout Organ Systems General anatomy of kidneys, appendix, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, male and female reproductive organs. Costochondritis vs Angina Pectoris vs Myocardial Infarctions. Rheumatoid arthritis Gout lab findings Week 3 Fluid Balance and Edema Electrolyte imbalances of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Intra and Extra cellular concentrations of sodium and potassium as related to osmotic balance. Know the physical signs/symptoms of electrolyte imbalances including hyper and hypo natremia, kalemia, and calcemia. SIADH lab and imaging findings Diabetes insipidus lab and imaging findings Week 4 Topic 4 Acidosis and Alkalosis Know your acid-bases! Week 5 Topic 5 Cardiovascular Causes of Fatigue Cor-pulmonale, cardiomyopathies Week 6 Topic 6 Thyroid, Adrenal, Liver Fatigue Hashimoto’s thyroiditis vs. DeQuervain vs. nodular goiter vs. secondary hypothyroidism Cirrhosis, Addison disease lab tests and hormone responsible. Is it high or low? Week 7 Topic 7 Bleeding as Indicator of Disease Pathophysiology of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Pathophysiology of Hemophilia Ulcers Week 8...
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...Multiple Choice Questions 1. Regarding the lac operon, if lactose is present, which of the following occurs? A) Lactose binds to the operator preventing the promoter from attracting RNA polymerase and preventing transcription. B) Lactose bind to RNA polymerase, which then binds to the promoter and transcribes the needed genes. C) Lactose binds to the repressor, which does not bind to the operator, and RNA polymerase transcribes the needed genes. D) Lactose binds to the operon, which attracts RNA polymerase, then transcription of the needed genes occurs. E) Lactose binds to the CAP site to prevent the CAP protein from binding Answer: C 2. Which of the following is likely to be expressed? A) euchromatin B) heterochromatin C) DNA without methyl groups D) DNA with many methyl groups E) euchromatin and DNA without methyl groups is more likely to be expressed Answer: E 3. Which of the following is a method of posttranscriptional control? A) transcription factors B) the life span of a mRNA molecule C) differential processing of mRNA D) how fast the mRNA leaves the nucleus E) both differential processing and how fast mRNA leaves the nucleus are involved in posttranscriptional control. Answer: E 4. Which gene in an operon is incorrectly matched with its...
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...“Evolution’s a bitch” –Wiley “Suckers are good to eat” –Wiley WHAT HAS EVOLUTION DONE FOR ME What has evolution done for me • Agricultural crops and animal breeding for the past 8,000 years • With the discovery of methods to reconstruct evolutionary relationships there is been a vast increase in the relevance of evolutionary biology to human society. Reconstructing Phylogenies • 1859-1950- No coherent empirical methods • 1950-1966- Emergence of Phylogenetic Systematics • Phylogeny by discovery of the order of evolutionary innovation Ribotyping • Fingerprinting or sequencing RNA • Many diseases have unknown causes • However, diseased tissues can be ribotyped. (Wiley Death Fish) • This process involves extracting DNA from diseased tissues and then sequencing the DNA that codes for rRNA. • If a disease agent such as a bacteria is present, then we will get ribosomal DNA sequences from the host (you) and the bacteria (the infection agent). Ribotyping: Phylogeny matching • Once we have the rDNA sequences, we can plug them into a sequence matrix of all life and see where our unknowns appear on the tree of life. Our Food Chain • Some products are easy to identify, but others are not. • A slab of fish fillet from a sea bass looks like a slab of sih fillet from a farmed Asian catfish. • But the sea bass costs $10/pound while the Asian catfish costs $4/pound. • Yet, a simple phylogenetic analysis can...
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...Nathan Johnson Persuasive Essay Human Cloning Cloning humans has recently become a possibility that seems much more realistic in today's society than it was twenty years ago. It is a method that involves the production of a group of identical cells or organisms that all derive from a single individual (Grolier 220). It is not known when or how cloning humans really became a possibility, but it is known that there are two possible ways that we can clone humans. The first way involves splitting an embryo into several halves and creating many new individuals from that embryo. The second method of cloning a human involves taking cells from an already existing human being and cloning them, in turn creating other individuals that are identical to that particular person. With these two methods almost at our fingertips, we must ask ourselves two very important questions: Can we do this, and should we? There is no doubt that many problems involving the technological and ethical sides of this issue will arise and will be virtually impossible to avoid, but the overall idea of cloning humans is one that we should accept as a possible reality for the future. Cloning humans is an idea that has always been thought of as something that could be found in science fiction novels, but never as a concept that society could actually experience. "It is much in the news. The public has been bombarded with newspaper articles, magazine stories, books, television shows, and movies as well as cartoons¨...
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........................................................................................................1 AIMS ..................................................................................................................................................................1 SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED ...............................................................................................2 PRE-REQUISITES OF THE SYLLABUS .......................................................................................................5 STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABUS ..............................................................................................................5 UNIT 1 : BIOMOLECULES, REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT MODULE 1 : CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY ...........................................................7 MODULE 2 : GENETICS, VARIATION AND NATURAL SELECTION ....................... 12 MODULE 3 : REPRODUCTIVE...
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...2014 | Exam 4 | 25% | A final average grade of C+ or better (a numerical grade of 74 or higher) is required to pass this course. ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form My Courses --> HNC 310 --> CELL PATHOLOGY print contact faculty contact tech | Pathology - Module 2: Module Two - Unit Number: 1 Unit Title: CELL PATHOLOGY Unit Objectives After reading this chapter, viewing the PowerPoint presentation and the accompanying lecture notes, and completing the study activities, the student will be able to: 1. Describe the normal structure and function of the cell. 2. Discuss the adaptive structural and functional changes that occur in cells as a result of changes in homeostasis. 3. Explain the adaptive structural and functional changes associated with atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, and dysplasia. 4. Identify disease processes or pathologies that may result in cell atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, and dysplasia. 5. Cite three sources of cellular accumulations 6. List five causes of cell injury. 7. Identify four mechanisms of cell injury. 8. Discuss cellular aging. 9. Compare the two forms of cell death: necrosis and apoptosis 10....
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