...African American's Journey Essay Below is a free essay on "African American's Journey" from Anti Essays, your source for free research papers, essays, and term paper examples. “African American’s Journey to Freedom” Charity Johnson HIS204: American History since 1865 Instructor: Leslie Ruff February 11, 2013 “African American’s Journey to Freedom” To some African Americans it may seem ironic that The United States of America is known as “the land of the free” considering that majority of their ancestors entered the US as slaves. African Americans were brought to North America via the middle passage which originated during the fifteenth century. They were enslaved for approximately 400 hundred years until the end of the Civil War in 1865. Although African Americans were enslaved in America, they were determine to survive and one day be freed in this great country. During The African American’s journey to freedom several significant events took place which was inclusive of but not limited to: The Civil Rights Movement of 1865-1877, Separate but Equal Legislation (Plessy vs. Ferguson court case) in 1896, The Harlem Renaissance of 1920, Brown vs. Board of Education in 1954, The March on Washington Movement of 1963, and The Black Power Movement of the late 1960s and 1970. I will discuss the significance of these events in relation to the African American journey to freedom and how they have help shape American society today. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT OF 1865-1877 Frequently when...
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...Is sports journalism dominated by white males and, if so, how does this influence the representation of other ethnic groups? Introduction The world of sports journalism has long been seen as the domain of the white, middle-class male (Farrington, Kilvington, Price & Saeed, 2012). For several decades the status quo remained the same: white male journalists reporting on white male athletes to a white male audience. However during the 1990s the emergence of black footballers, both domestic and foreign, within the British game began to change the overall dynamic. In addition to this sport became big business, moving from the back pages to the front (Boyle, 2006), and occasions such as the Olympic Games are now massive worldwide events that receive similarly massive attention from the world’s media. It is clear that sport has changed dramatically over the past 20 years, as has the diversity of the athletes who appear in our newspapers, on our television screens and on our radios. With reference to these points I intend to investigate whether sports journalism is still dominated by white males, and if so, how does this cultural bias influence how other ethnic groups are represented in the sporting media. Due to word constraints the essay shall focus on Northern Europe, specifically Sweden and the United Kingdom. Diversity in the newsroom Diversity in a news organisation can bring many benefits, including a broader spectrum of opinion, varied specialist knowledge and both...
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...movies: Tarzan, The Ape Man; Leave it to Beaver; Bringing Down the House and White chicks will bring a closer view about the difference between “white” and “un-white” character be described. Also, the introduction and chapter one of “Unthinking Eurocentrism: Multiculturalism and the Media” has provide a broad, critical overview of film primarily from and about the “Third World”. In chapter one “From Eurocentrism to Polycentrism”, they reviewed standard criticism of view in literary in cinematic work. This essay is aims defined the stereotypical images and roles of African Americans in films. First of all, the movie “Tarzan, The Ape Man” is the fairly easy target for people interested in the perpetuation of anti-black stereotypes. Tarzan is presented as a naked savage who doesn’t learn to wear clothes. It’s racist when in the movie, when Tarzan warning Jane and her father that Tarzan, the owner of the jungles has killed beasts and many black men. He pelts animals with thrown objects to torment them. He kills animals for pleasure. To Tarzan all blacks are lower. Besides, in the movie, the Africans of the Mbongan tribe are cannibalism, superstitious, contemptible and debased. Here it come the love of Tarzan, Jane a “white” woman is defined as beautiful, and apparently resourceful and intelligent. However, Esmeralda is presented as a black nanny stereotype. Her character old dialogue is an affront to all women and to all black. The positive attributes of the 'whiteness “and the negative...
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...environment. I was a very low funded school and the teachers did what they could with the little amount of supplies they were given. However I’ve always loved creative writing, I like to think of myself as a creative person. I had my doubts about taking a class that required so much writing in a little amount of time but I took on the challenge head first, just like I do with the rest of my problems. In my first essay I wrote my argument paper about how “white feminism” isn't as inclusive as it claims to be and discriminates against numerous minority groups. I chose this topic because it’s something I’m extremely passionate about. I’ve been officers of several social justice orhinatiocs and I’m always up for rallying for human rights. The arguments that I made in this essay were showcasing a couple of ways that “white feminism” left minority groups feeling left out and not worthy of a voice within social justice platforms. Such as Patricia Arquette giving a speech about how minority groups did not help out feminism, even though many people in minority also identify as women....
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...SEMIOTICS ANALYSIS ESSAY Advertisements are a smart tool and technique used to promote and sell various products. Using mass media, it aims to persuade potential consumers that there is a correlation between the brand and a lifestyle or identity, which is considered enviable.(John Berger, Ways of Seeing) Semiotics, a concept developed by Ferdinand de Saussaure is a useful tool for analysing advertisements. However, Hodge and Kress (year and page number) recommended that semiotic analysis could also be used as a manner of understanding communication, including media texts. The essence of semiotics is ‘the science of signs, or the study of signs and sign systems’ (O’Shaughnessy and Stadler, 2009:133). Media images often emphasize hegemonic representations of gender, race and class in the South African context, and in this specific advertisement BIC reinforced an ideology regarding the manner woman should portray themselves. Using semiotics, I will be deconstructing the advertisement and will argue, through drawing on xy’s concept of racial hegemony, that BIC created an advertisement that reinforces gemonic notions of race, class and gender. . ‘The denotative meaning of an advertisement is the most basic component. This is the most obvious meaning of a sign which can be expressed by describing what is directly seen.’ (Gottdiener, 1995:15) In the BIC advertisement, there is a woman that looks approximately 30 years old. Regarding racial classification, this woman is considered...
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... * * * Representation Of Race In Media * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Much of our perceptions of the world are based on narratives and the images that we see in film, television, radio, music, and other media. These are some of the outlets that construct how individuals see their social identities, as well as learn and understand about what it is to be black, white, Native American, Asian, South American, etc. (Dow, Wood, 2006, p. 297). You will get a better understanding of this once you understand the concept of ideologies. Ideologies are what create our perception of the world around us, whether it is political, social, economic, etc. Ideologies are not the product of individual intention or conscious, rather we create our intentions within ideology (Marris, Thornham, 2000, p. 267). These ideologies exist before we are even born; they form the social constructions and conditions that we are born into. But, ideologies are just a practice, and it is produced and reproduced in apparatus of ideological production. The media is a great example of an apparatus of ideological production (Marris, Thornham, 2000, p. 273). It produces social meanings and distributes them throughout society. However, as long as ideologies continue so will social struggles such as racism, which we will discuss in this essay. Media elites represent different races through media based on their ideologies. This has a predominant...
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...Pay Discrimination The article I have chosen to report on is a news article on the recent reversal of pay that women in their 20s have seen with women in this age bracket now reported by official government statics provided by ONS (the Office for national Statistics), to be earning 1.7 percent more than men of the same age in full time work. The article also covers the issues of underpaying to the young, paying under the minimum wage and the issue of female pay discrimination within other age groups. The article is written by the independents economic editor Sean O’Grady and was published on the 9th of December 2010. It has been more than forty years since the order for equal pay and this year is the first time women in any age category have been shown to earn more than men. In the article is suggests that the reason for this is the recent rise in women graduating from university. It then goes on to say that the overall difference in pay is down 2% on 2009 to just over 10%, this is still a very sizable gap but little compared to the recorded 36.5% in 1971. So why has the gap shrunk? Why is there still a large difference despite laws being in place to tackle the difference for 40 years? In this essay I hope to go into depth about these issues alongside others raised in the article such as paying under the minimum wage. It is widely known that women in full time jobs are often held back by having a family. They can be discriminated against and not given a fair chance when...
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...purpose of this essay is to review Kimberle Crenshaw’s 1991 article about the marginalisation of women of colour. The article focuses on how feminism ignores black women’s ethnicity and how antiracist campaigns ignore black women’s gender. This is where the term ‘intersectionality’ arose from. Intersectionality is used to give people experiencing more than one form of oppression the opportunity to identify as both minorities at once instead of each one separately. For example instead of identifying as black and gay and a woman a person is able to identify as a black gay woman. This is intersectionality. As previously mentioned, the main topic of Crenshaw’s article is society’s ignorance of women of colour; both campaigns that could be aimed...
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...Vandalism has a New Name. By Jenna Marinus Essay Two: Culture Jamming Part 1 The image that I am analysing in this essay was originally part of an article published on IOL in 2014 called “Little at UCT saying ‘Black child be proud’”. The Tokolos Stencils are made by the Tokols Stencils Collective which is an anonymous secret graffiti collective that operates as the Tokoloshe “spirit” (“Tokoloshe creates graffiti”..., 2014). Their aim as a collective is to raise awareness about the justice system in South Africa towards the victims of the Marikana Massacre (“Tokoloshe creates graffiti”..., 2014). The Tokols Stencils vary with each message they are trying to convey but the most common one, the one used on the Rhodes statue, is of Mgcineni Noki which was the leader of the mining strikes (“Tokoloshe creates graffiti”...,2014). He is often referred to as “the man in the green blanket.” (“Tokoloshe creates graffiti”..., 2014) The image that will be analysed is that of the Rhodes statue at the University of Cape Town. The statue is found at Upper Campus at the...
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...that desperate, beautiful, white women symbolize the average American woman who needs to be promiscuous and compliant or else she will never attract a man. I. Emotional Appeals A. Technique One—Diction a. Use of the word "hunky lunkhead"—implies capital punishment is a crime and more personal than we usually think (murder suggests a one-on-one kind of relationship). Evidence on pages 196–197—frequency (10 references) adds emphasis. b. Use of "masquerading" and "perfect 10s" when describing women on reality TV shows like The Bachelor has negative connotations. “Masquerading” refers to when women prance around trying to be something they are not in order to get a man. “Perfect 10s” relate to the idea that women have to have an amazing body and good looks in order to even be considered on a reality TV show. Evidence on pages 445-446. c. Use of the word “schadenfreude” uses whimsical and ridiculing language to express how the pleasure of other’s misfortune is a theme for reality TV shows. Evidence on pages 442-443. B. Technique Two—Tone d. Use of the description "hunky lunkhead"—utilizes a sardonic tone about how The Bachelor is a show where a large number of crazy women chase after a conceited, athletic, handsome man. Evidence on pages 443-445. e. Part of the sentence, “…Women of color are used to stroke classical racial stereotypes.” —uses a critical tone about how women who are not white are supposed to portray...
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...Aristotle and Alexis De Tocqueville’s teachings on morality and happiness creates a similarity in their virtues that protecting rights of the people help produce happiness in a democracy. Aristotle discusses in the essay “ The Aim of Man”, that we aim to set goals to lead us into happiness. He believes that happiness is an activity for our soul. The soul is an inanimate object that can be driven by passion, which drives a person to do certain tasks in their life. These actions lead into happiness if the task is done successfully. Aristotle’s teachings on happiness collides with Alexis De Tocqueville’s teaching that Americans need a daily support of some energetic passion. Happiness from Americans will occur by protecting the American people’s...
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...CLT 209 Final Essay Discuss the impact of media on gender identity. Madalen Smith 11473441 Who are we? Who do we want to be? These are questions that have plagued people globally since the beginning of time. Our whole life is dedicated to developing our identity- one that we are happy with and feel reflects whom we are inside. But what influences our identity? And to what extent? We are constantly interacting with media. Subsequently we are continuously absorbing meaning and information whether we realise it or not. This essay focuses on gender identity and the impact the media can have on it. As individuals grow and seek to cultivate and define their identity, is media influencing their thoughts and views? This essay seeks to show that whilst media does in fact play a vital role in how individuals and society view gender the final decision regarding ones gender identity, is something that comes from within. Media both presents ideas and reflects societies already held values. Media does impact on what we view as acceptable for each gender, and what an individual may feel is the norm for their gender, but only to a certain extent. Ultimately gender is something that is felt within the individual and cannot be manipulated by outside things. Media plays a significant role in contemporary societies everyday life. The rapid technological developments that have taken place during the twentieth century has resulted in media becoming prevalent in almost all daily aspects of...
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...And viewing the documentary, the concept of masculinity was exemplified because you had rich white people in government that were avoiding this epidemic and were silence throughout majority of this crisis because of the fear of being someone that cares for homosexuals. And as a result of not being vocal allowed for individuals to die from AIDs. Choosing injustice is basically allowing the wrongs to continue in society. However, there are those specifically men of color that are vocal and help equity prevail in a society where scientific racism justifies the white man’s actions. The fathers in Mendez v. Westminster are a prime example that deconstructs the idea of masculinity. These men were politically inclusive in fighting for their children’s right to be educated among the white students. This is justice allowing to be perceive as something less in order to justice to be born, and equal opportunities to be granted to future...
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...what we should be thinking of women today (obtain authority, become a successful business woman, getting paid equal to men), is extremely different to how women are portrayed in the media. Todays women in the media are sexualized, they provide unrealistic expectations, and there are undeniable stereotypes. To begin, women are exceedingly sexualized in the media. Pornographic pictures of women are a huge component of media today, which leads to the objectification of women. By having these women viewed as sexual objects, the main reason why marketing companies do this is to attract men, and to have other women looking up to the advertised women as a role model. A good example is the Calvin Klein commercials, where women are seen as sexualized (making other women jealous and wanting to be like them) and sexually attracting men (if they buy this product they will get the girls). Another example is the MTV channel. The women on this channel will arouse sexual fantasies, but the less seductive more modest female singers barely get...
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...Writing and Literary Critique of Asian/Pacific American Literature Throughout the history of the United States media, there are common stereotypes of females in films that are presented in the short story by Fong, Charlie Chan’ No More. I believe that the roles of Asian Americans are limited in films, such as gender and sexuality, by stereotyping females. Asian Americans are being portrayed as negative images through various media, from books, films, plays, and even television. “The audience would realize that media views Asians and Asian Americans as others that include exoticized women, asexual men, a yellow peril threat to the United States” (Ono & Pham, 2009). Throughout this essay, I am referencing the article by Fong, Charlie Chan’ No More, and Moon, a poem by Marilyn Chin, where they both talk about sexuality and gender. “Asian women, have often been depicted as almost completely sexual” (Fong, 177). In the short story as well as the poem, they can manipulate the messages of gender and sexuality of Asian American females that are being represented in both stories. Throughout Fong’s short story, there is a lot of controversy whether or not Asian American females are being portrayed with negative images, for example as sex objects. I also researched instances on the counter actions taken by Asian American females that protest the negative images, such as the dragon lady. I believe that Asian American females are being portrayed with such negative images, such as...
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