...characterized for its technological advancements. Rapid renovation in medical research, disease treatment, and advanced quality of life has marked the turn of the century. Recent development in stem cell research has brought forth an ethical debate; whether research to achieve new medical remedies is permissible at the stake of, arguably, the unborn life of frozen embryos or if stem cell research should cease at the cost of disease stricken people worldwide to preserve an embryo that may never be born. 1. Massage (Articulate) the Problem: a) What is the current undesirable situation? Identify and define issues in the dilemma. The current undesirable situation pertaining to frozen embryo donation is the donor being forced to keep frozen embryos against their own discretion. It may be unfavorable to keep embryos frozen for an extended period of time because of the financial burden. To extract, freeze, and preserve embryos, clients can expect to pay an initial fee of approximately $10,000. According to USCFertility, client can also expect a storage fee of $500 per year and to thaw frozen embryos an additional payment of $5,000 is required (uscfertility.org). Another issue apart of this ethical dilemma is whether embryos are classified as a person or property. If assumed to be property, it is debatable whether preservation of embryos can be mandated. Lastly, and perhaps the most controversial component of this dilemma is defining “conception” to establish when life begins....
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...of an Ethical Dilemma Collaborative Learning Community: Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma (Part 1) In your CLC group, select one of the following three options and view the video related to your chosen topic (a description of each is provided along with a link to access the electronic media): Dilemma 1: Embryo Harvesting and Freezing/Genetic Manipulation (Posthumous Conception Case) Ethical issues related to case: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EIenB7qgIVk Washington Post article of Karen Capato Case: http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-03-19/politics/35450022_1_karen-capato-robert-capato-survivor-benefitsUS Supreme Court (2011) Ruling on Capato Case: http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/11pdf/11-159.pdf Description: Eighteen months after her husband, Robert Capato, died of cancer, respondent Karen Capato gave birth to twins conceived through in-vitro fertilization using her husband’s frozen sperm. Should technology be used to create live posthumously? Dilemma 2: Marketing of Medical / Pharmaceutical Products Holding Back the Years? The Race to Slow the Aging Process http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://digital.films.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=12129&xtid=36189 While medical treatments and pharmaceuticals are common approaches to address a wide variety of conditions, there is growing concern from consumer groups and the medical community regarding current marketing practices which result in overconsumption or no medical benefit...
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...------------------------------------------------- Ethical Dilemma One ethical dilemma retained my attention. We saw briefly during class a subject regarding animal testing for medical purposes. Should be allowed to test medical purposes on animal rather than human being? From Wikipedia, in the United Kingdom there are approximately 45-70 millions cats and 40 millions dogs. It is also estimated that 3,000 cats and dogs are born every day and 4,000 rats every hour (derelictlondon.com). In other words, I would rather say that if one dies spontaneously after a scientist has realized a test, it would not be a huge damage. On the contrary, when results are positive, they can have amazing affects for the human being, in terms of cancer cure for instance. With animal testing we can discover new medicines and treatments to save millions of people from death. It is a real medical breakthrough for humans. To quote the BBC; “ The case for animal experiments is that they will produce such great benefits for humanity that it is morally acceptable to harm a few animals.” One more obvious counter argument to test medical purposes on animals is there nothing else to test on. Medical research is a difficult and intricate process. The human body is the most complex ‘machine’ and animals are relatively the closest species to us. I will not perceive the use of animals in research as an ethical issue. Testing animals can take place as long as the animal is not suffering and all the benefits...
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...Personal Nursing Ethics Laurie Stein Grand Canyon University: NRS-437V Ethical Decision Making In Healthcare October 12, 2012 Personal Nursing Ethics Growing up in a rural Midwest farming area in a family of 11 people I learned at an early age how important family and people in the surrounding community were to me. My family and the majority of my small community were devout Catholics. Our social life revolved around church, family and friends. My parents taught myself and my siblings the value of friendship, being kind to your neighbors and respect for others and their property. Sometimes I thought they were almost too strict but did realize later that this discipline provided the basis for what I am today. As I prepared to venture out into the world after graduation I knew I was a “people person” and pursued a degree in medical assisting. As a medical assistant I felt that I was an integral part of the patients’ lives. Providing medical care was important but many of these patients knew they could talk and confide in me about other things whether it was a personal problem or family problem or maybe they just needed someone to listen. It was here that the values that I was taught by my parents became so important. Sometimes I was faced with some ethic decisions in regards to my religion as a medical assistant when having to assist with vasectomies. The rhythm method is the only birth control practice accepted by the Catholic Church. To assist with this procedure...
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...Journal of Medical Ethics 2001;27:98–103 What makes a problem an ethical problem? An empirical perspective on the nature of ethical problems in general practice Annette Joy Braunack-Mayer University of Adelaide, Australia Abstract Whilst there has been considerable debate about the fit between moral theory and moral reasoning in everyday life, the way in which moral problems are defined has rarely been questioned. This paper presents a qualitative analysis of interviews conducted with 15 general practitioners (GPs) in South Australia to argue that the way in which the bioethics literature defines an ethical dilemma captures only some of the range of lay views about the nature of ethical problems. The bioethics literature has defined ethical dilemmas in terms of conflict and choice between values, beliefs and options for action. While some of the views of some of the GPs in this study about the nature of their ethical dilemmas certainly accorded with this definition, other explanations of the ethical nature of their problems revolved around the publicity associated with the issues they were discussing, concern about their relationships with patients, and anxiety about threats to their integrity and reputation. The variety of views about what makes a problem a moral problem indicates that the moral domain is perhaps wider and richer than mainstream bioethics would generally allow. (Journal of Medical Ethics 2001;27:98–103) Keywords: Empirical ethics; general...
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...Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma Part Two NRS-437V Ethical Decision Making in Health Care Grand Canyon University Today’s world is filled with endless controversial arguments, ethical debates, and a constant clashing of varying perspectives and outlooks. This is especially relevant to posthumous reproduction, which has sparked many disputes in the global world. Even in our own social circles, the viewpoints on posthumous reproduction tend to be varied. Additionally, posthumous production raises many moral, legal, and ethical concerns. Currently, hospitals do not have a strong ethical stand on posthumous reproduction, but recently they have been forced to develop policies regarding consent, and other legal practices. The following are four interviews done by the writers’ involved four different individuals, a hospital administrator, spiritual leader, healthcare colleague, and a friend. The writers also came to a resolution of dilemma based on research. The information presented is based on the ethical dilemma of a child dying, the parents desire to harvest the child’s eggs for the opportunity to conceive another child or treat any potential genetic anomalies. One of the researchers interviewed the hospital administer where she works. Regarding "posthumous reproduction", the administrator stated that the hospital offers this advanced technology to spouses of patients who meet criteria. The administrator agreed...
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...Margaret Johnson BSHS/332 October 7, 2013 Bradley Leedy Workplace Ethical Dilemma This paper will present an argument of how the process of do not resuscitate (DNR) results in an ethical dilemma for workers in the healthcare field. In presenting the argument, this paper will also address the following three course learning objectives: 1) explain the legal rights of individuals as they interact with health care services, 2) analyze the monitoring systems that ensure human rights, legal aspects, and quality health care, and 3) analyze selected ethical and legal case studies that have promulgated precedent setting decisions. Even though the physician may believe CPR would be the appropriate decision, “many a deserving patient loses out on the opportunity for such treatment” as a result of an DNR order (Thomas, 2002, 412). Decisions about resuscitation have become a matter of concern and highly debatable issue because the legality of a patient’s right to request DNR. The order must be approved in advance by a written statements signed by a physician upon order of the patient or surrogate in cases which the patient cannot give consent. A DNR order must not confused with giving care, whereas, do not resuscitate does not mean do not give care. “It means a different kind of care that can best be achieved through end-of-life protocols and education” (Field, 2007, 294). The process causes ethical dilemmas for health care workers in several ways. For example, in cases which...
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...Issues for the Health Care Professionals I chose to use the medical specialty of medical surgeon for my paper; my reasoning behind this medical specialty is because surgeons account for nearly 50% of all medical malpractice law suits in the country. The bulk of these law suits occur in just 75 of the largest counties , which indicates that most medical malpractice law suits occur in the more densely populated areas which is where the most income is generated. Another 33% of nonsurgical law suits occur in the same 75 counties which when added together account for 83% of all law suits filed in the United States. To put these numbers in the proper context there are thousands of counties in the United States, so what you have is the people in areas like New York, Las Angeles, Atlanta and so on filing thousands of law suits each year. It is estimated that from 1990-2004 there were over 191,804 medical malpractice lawsuits reported to the National Practitioner Databank (NPD) regarding physicians in the United States. It is further estimated that of all the medical law suits filed only about 27% of them were won by the plaintiffs, which can lead a person to believe that there are a lot of frivolous suits being filed. It is estimated that 25% of all doctors in the United States are sued each year, which means that if you are a surgeon you have a better than 1 in 4 chance of getting sued each year that you practice medicine. It must be for love of the profession because with those...
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...Grade Received - "A" Identify at least two medical management committees within an HCO and explain their roles. How can medical management committees influence the process of health policymaking outside of their HCO's? List some legal and ethical dilemmas to consider when creating new policies. Through hospitals within the United States, Healthcare Organizations have an Ethics Committee. Ethics Committees have become a requirement within hospitals when it comes to providing the professionals of healthcare the education that is needed about designing and reevaluate hospital policies, biomedical ethics and clinical ethics for sessions. Throughout the years, there has been a steady increase to roles Institutional Ethics Committees play in ethics. HIPPA also have a committee which is baptized as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Compliance Committee. Their task is to confirm how healthcare organizations are reacting to the encounters of HIPPA compliance throughout time. When it comes to the method of the healthcare policies, Medical Management Committees can persuade political parties outside from their healthcare organizations. Because the Democratic Party tends to be on the liberal side, Medical Management Committees can get in touch with the Democrats who are usually for reasonable and valuable healthcare. There are many individuals who support this and would like to see growth of government backing in those areas. Back in 2004, there...
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...Preparing to Conduct Business Research Preparing to Conduct Business Research: Part 3 A current situation happening at St. Luke’s Medical Center is the dilemma of transitioning their work force of temporary employees to full-time employees, but they cannot choose them all. When St. Luke’s decided to undertake this hiring process the first things they had to consider were the significance of the hiring, the scope and magnitude of the hiring, and finally how feasible the hiring was going to be. What are the attributes they should be looking for? The research question, narrowed down to a statement that can be proven true or false, is called the hypothesis (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). The hypothesis will consist of variables that St. Luke’s will need to account for. Continuing the picture, the research design method St. Luke’s will implement is a communication study. In support of the study, stratified sampling will be conducted. As the data is collected and begins to filter in to management, it is their job to analyze it, and accurately report the results. Last, St. Luke’s will need to take into account ethical considerations. They will need to implement a set of criteria to help them in narrowing down their selections. Done correctly this process will help St. Luke’s choose the right candidates for the jobs? Significance, Scope, Magnitude, and Feasibility The significance of the research project undertaken by St. Luke’s is twofold. St. Luke’s values the reputation they have...
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...Khoury Title: Stem Cells Save Lives 1. Excite a. Good afternoon everyone b. I am honored to have been given the opportunity to speak with you all today. c. What if you or someone you know was told they would not be able to walk within the next 10 years but there is a cure out there that you are unable to have? 2. Launch d. I am here today to speak with you about the potential uses of stem cells, the funding for stem cell research and the ethical debates of stem cell research. e. If you knew that there might be a potential cure for a disease, would you want the government to follow the lead and explore the possibilities? The answer for me is yes. 3. Relate f. Four years ago, my aunt was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and told that she may not be able to walk in 10 years. g. While there currently is not a cure for MS, the use of stem cells will have a huge impact on treatments and possibly a future cure for this awful disease. 4. Persuade h. Stem cell research can have a significant impact in many areas of medicine. i. There are a variety of diseases and injuries in which a patient’s cells or tissues are destroyed and require organ or tissue transplants. 1. Stem cells are able to potentially create brand new tissue 2. Stem cells may be able to cure diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease, cancer, type 1 Diabetes, spinal cord injuries, stroke, heart disease, muscular...
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...Code of Ethics Paper Ethical dilemmas in medicine are nothing new. They have been recognized and discussed in Western medicine since a small group of doctors. The Hippocrates was invented around the fourth century. New graduated doctors are to uphold this code of practice till today. In earlier times when doctors had only limited abilities to change the course of disease today can they intervene in ways that most fundamental processes of life and death. Ethical dilemmas in medicine are no longer considered the sole region of professionals. Professional code of ethics offers some guidance, but they are usually unclear and uncertain about what to do in specific situations. These codes assume that whatever decision is to be made is up to the professional not the patient. Today patients, families, and clergy want to become involved in ethical decisions. In large societal decisions such as how science medical resources, including high technology machinery, newborn intensive care units, and the expertise of doctors. While the doctors and patient relationships and individual cases are still prominent in bioethics. Bioethics began in 1950’ s as an intellectual movement among a small of doctors who started to examine the questions raised by the new medical technologies that were starting to emerge as the result of heavy costs of public funds in medical research after the war. That was joined by a number of scientists who has become disillusioned with what they saw....
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...Current Events, Ethical Dilemma ISHER PANDHER Grand Canyon University Current Events, Ethical Dilemma Legalization of medical marijuana was passed by Arizona voters on November 2, 2010. Arizona became the 15th state in the United States where marijuana can be obtained by patients with debilitating medical conditions such as cancer, Aids, and multiple sclerosis. The Arizona Department of Health Services plans to issue about 125 certificates to people who are interested in running medical-marijuana dispensaries. Legalization of the herb is a starting point for getting the medicinal help to the ones in need but there are also numerous issues. There is evidence that marijuana can relieve certain types of pain, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms caused by such illnesses as multiple sclerosis, cancer and AIDS. Several recent studies, including the one from the Scripps Research Institute, shows that TCH, the chemical in marijuana responsible for the high, can help slow the progress of Alzheimer’s disease. (In fact, it seems to block the formation of disease-causing plaques better than several mainstream drugs.) Other studies have shown THC to be very effective antinausea treatment for people for whom conventional medications aren’t working. Medical cannabis has also shown promise relieving pain in patients with multiple sclerosis and reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients. Marijuana has also been known to help with such diseases as seizures, migraines, obsessive...
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...Business Research Ethics RES/351 Chimerix is a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to discovering, developing and commercializing novel, oral antivirals in areas of high unmet medical need. Since 2001, the organization has researched, developed and experimentally tested a virus-killing drug called Brincidofovir. Subsequently learning of the existence of the drug, a family requested that the company donate the drug to treat their little boy who contracted a deadly virus after receiving a bone-marrow transplant. The company had distributed the drug during a three year testing period, but as the drug entered the final stages of the federal and drug administration (FDA) approval, the company ceased its compassionate care program. The establishment’s CEO reportedly claimed it has denied hundreds of requests because human testing guidelines mandate two control groups, one that takes the actual drug and the other that takes sugar pills, placing very ill people at-risk because the sugar pill is useless. As a result, the organization focused on getting the drug approved for widespread consumer use which entails denying interim requests for the drug, and presents an ethical dilemma for the company. Chimerix sought the research to find a solution to this ethical dilemma, gauging the social temperature of the people affected and risking the reputation of the organization at whole. Chimerix argued if the drug was made available to this one ill child, it could not ethically justify denying...
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...consumer products, such as many components of engines, guns and even musical instruments. Whichever contextual application of this technology is desired and utilized, both ethical benefits and weaknesses exist. Multiple American companies including General Electric, Boeing, Nike, Honeywell and others have used this technology in manufacturing motor components, shoes, solar panels and other consumer products. Endless potential applications of 3-dimmensional printing exist for future developments. Interestingly, printing of meat for human consumption as an alternative to harvesting meat from animals is currently being researched. In 2008 PeTA offered a $1 million X-Prize style reward for the first group to synthetically develop such commercially viable meat. This is one case in which proposing ethical dilemmas exist, and the many alternative controversies this topic entails. Further bioethical dilemma’s and considerations exist and will be discussed in detail. Technology To fully understand any ethical dilemmas encapsulating this technology, a considerate knowledge of 3-dimmensional printing is required. First, we will look into the general technology of designing, preparing and yielding products. Only then, applications of bio-printing, and the corresponding controversies and ethical dilemmas can further be discussed....
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