...Paper on the Ethical Dimensions of Financial Accounting with Respect to the Keeping of Two Sets of Records “Ethical behavior is the lubricant that keeps the economy running. Without that lubricant, the economy would operate much less efficiently – less would be available to consumers, quality would be lower, and prices would be higher.” (Garrison/Norren/Brewer) Financial accounting is concerned with providing information to stockholders, creditors, and others who are outside the organization.[1] The mentioned financial information are usually prepared in the form of financial statements or reports that shows the company’s past financial activities, performance and changes in its financial position that is useful in making economic decisions. More importantly, these reports will be used by users for different purposes; citing a few: (i) owners and managers require financial statements to make important business decisions that would affect its continued operations, (ii) financial institutions like banks and other lending companies, use them to decide whether to grant a company with fresh working capital or extend debt securities to finance expansion and other significant expenditures, (iii) government entities (tax authorities) need financial statements to ascertain the propriety and accuracy of taxes and other duties declared and paid by a company. For that reason, financial reports must...
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...taken at face value without much reliance on unspoken context. While high-context cultures communication relies a lot on the underlying unspoken context, which has the same important as the words used. 2) Describe the differences among the dimensions of Hofstede’s framework. The seven factors of the dimension approach are: power distance, individualism, collectivism, masculinity, femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation; which are also the five dimensions of culture. Power distance extent to which less powerful members within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. Individualism perspective is that the identity fo an individual is fundamentally her or his own. Collectivism is the idea that identify of an individual is primarily based on the identify of her or his collective group. Masculinity is the sex-role differentiation for males. Femininity is sex-role differentiation for females. Uncertainty avoidance is the extent to which members in different cultures accept ambiguous situations and tolerate uncertainty. Long-term orientation emphasizes perseverance and savings for future betterment. This approach has endeavored to overcome limitations such as the context only representing one dimension and cluster approach as relatively little to offer regarding differences among countries with one cluster. 3) How would you define corruption? Corruption is the abuse of public power for private benefits usually in the form of bribery. ...
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...Where is the center of the 3 dimensions of actions (ethical, legal, prudential)? In reality, human mankind always comes across situation, occasions, or even dilemma, consisting of the ethical, legal and prudential elements. According to the 3 dimensions of actions, we should try to select within these frameworks, while the best solution always lies among the center of these 3 dimensions. From “Ethics for the Real World” by Ronald A. Howard and Clinton D. Korver, I understand there are a lot of conflicting situations, whereby we are facing dilemmas or complicated decision-making process. For example, Ethical vs. Prudential: you are in hurry to your job interview meanwhile an elder woman being robbed is asking for help; Prudential vs. Legal: you are given an A-grade in a course, but the paper does not belong to you; Legal vs. Ethical: the books quoted Sir Hartley Shawcross’ rejection that obedience to unjust laws and orders absolved man of responsibility for crimes, i.e. there is no excuse for a thief to claim he is being told to steal. The author also commented that we only faced ethical issues if we are tempted to commit something wrong or illegal. Most cases are simply temptations. This comes to a short conclusion, where a man always has a choice to proceed. Whenever we conclude as so-called dilemmas, we are actually unburdening our consciences. Recently, I watched a movie called “Mr. Nobody”. It mentioned about the butterfly effect and the consequences of choices. Within...
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...seven dimensions. One category is Dualism. Dualism posits a cosmos or universe in which the Creator, God, is separate and distinct from the creation. The in-world experience is a threat or stumbling block to real experience - be it in Heaven or some other transcendent realm - will thrust believers into a pattern of using force to remake that world (http://faculty.deanza.edu/burkesusan/stories/storyReader$39). The other category is Monism Sacred power was diffused throughout the natural world (http://faculty.deanza.edu/burkesusan/stories/storyReader$39). This first dimension is The Practical and Ritual Dimension. Both Dualism and Monism have practices, prayers, and rituals. Christianity practices prayers, churches, and hymns. This happens every Sundays, Sunday evenings, and with personal experiences even on Wednesdays. As the Hindu and Buddhist Religion focus on meditation to focus on love and so on (Philosophy of Religion, Gary E. Kessel). The Second Dimension to religion is Experiential and Emotional Dimensions. This means religions with its rituals give us a sense of peace and satisfaction. No matter what type of religion we are. If it wasn’t for the sense of peace or satisfaction we probably wouldn’t believe in our religions. One of the main reason music is so potent in religions is the mysterious powers to express and engender emotions (Philosophy of Religion, Gary E. Kessel). The next Dimension is Narrative or Mythic Dimension. This dimension is where...
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...HELP ACADEMY DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES & UNIVERSITY OF EAST LONDON (3+0) BA (Hons) ACCOUNTING & FINANCE Level 1 HR 1004 ORGANISATION, MANAGEMENT & PEOPLE INDIVIDUAL CASE STUDY STUDENT I.D. : B 1102817 UEL I.D. : U 1255581 SUBMIT TO : MR CHANDRA SAKARAN SUBMISSION DATE : 8TH NOVEMBER 2013 QUESTION 1 Assess the extent to which Dicom Group’s culture is aligned to its vision and mission. Organizational culture is basic presumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of an organisation and eventually assimilated by the group of people who enters the organisation. (Schein, n.d) It is imperative for an organization’s culture to be aligned to its vision and mission. Cultural web which was introduced by Gerry Johnson (1988) could be used as an implement for mapping of organizational culture. This could determine whether its culture is on the same path with its vision and mission. The elements of these cultural web includes ‘stories’, ‘symbols’, ‘rituals & routines’, ‘power structure’, ‘organizational structure’, ‘control system’ and ‘paradigm’. The same tool applies for Dicom Group, the document capture and enterprise content management. Does their culture align with their vision and mission? We shall see. Plenty cultures are practiced between the employees within Dicom Group. A cultural element that is present is ‘Symbols’ which is clearly portrayed in the language....
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...more business related sense “a way of thinking, behaving, or working that exists in a place or organization.” Throughout the years there have been many intercultural management studies and there are four most widely accepted theories: The Hofstede study, The GLOBE study, The Trompenaars & Hampden-Turner study, and Hall & Hall’s cultural dimensions. These studies broke down cultures and behaviors around the world and are valued resources for IHRM departments. First, there is the Hofstede study. Geert Hofstede was a professor who conducted an extremely comprehensive study of how different cultures place value in the workplace. It was Hofstede who first made an empirical model and had different dimensions of national culture. These dimensions were: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, femininity vs. masculinity, individualism vs. collectivism, and long-term orientation. Each different country would get scores in each section and from these scores one could better understand the country’s way of doing things. To gain a better understanding, below is a comparison between the United States and Portugal. The first of the dimensions is power distance Power Distance. Power Distance “refers to the way in which power is distributed and the extent to which the less powerful accept that power is distributed unequally. Put...
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...four components of transactional leadership: Contingent reward, Active management by exception, Passive management by exception and Laissez-Faire leadership (1997). Transformational leadership focuses mainly on inspiring and stimulating the followers. Transformational leadership contains also four components: Idealized influence (Charisma), Inspirational motivation, Intellectual stimulation and Individualized consideration. The second part focuses on different studies on national culture: Hofstede (1983), Schwartz (1990) and Inglehart (1997). Each study has different values and dimensions, both all three studies show some similarities. The first similar dimension contains: Hofstede’s Power distance, Schwartz’ Hierarchy versus Egalitarianism and Inglehart’s Survival and measures the degree to which the people in a national culture accept and expect the unequal distribution of power. The second similar dimension contains: Hofstede’s Individualism, Schwartz’ Autonomy versus Embeddedness and Inglehart’s Self-Expression and measures the degree to which an individual is integrated into groups. The third part of this thesis focuses on the connection between leadership and national culture. The GLOBE project stated that cultural values affect leaders and their behavior and leaders are most likely to...
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...Introduction to Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence Slides kindly borrowed from the course “Data Warehousing and Machine Learning” Aalborg University, Denmark Christian S. Jensen Torben Bach Pedersen Christian Thomsen {csj,tbp,chr}@cs.aau.dk Course Structure • Business intelligence Extract knowledge from large amounts of data collected in a modern enterprise Data warehousing, machine learning Acquire theoretical background in lectures and literature studies Obtain practical experience on (industrial) tools in practical exercises Data warehousing: construction of a database with only data analysis purpose • Purpose Business Intelligence (BI) Machine learning: find patterns automatically in databases 2 •1 Literature • Multidimensional Databases and Data Warehousing, Christian S. Jensen, Torben Bach Pedersen, Christian Thomsen, Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2010 • Data Warehouse Design: Modern Principles and Methodologies, Golfarelli and Rizzi, McGraw-Hill, 2009 • Advanced Data Warehouse Design: From Conventional to Spatial and Temporal Applications, Elzbieta Malinowski, Esteban Zimányi, Springer, 2008 • The Data Warehouse Lifecycle Toolkit, Kimball et al., Wiley 1998 • The Data Warehouse Toolkit, 2nd Ed., Kimball and Ross, Wiley, 2002 3 Overview • • • • Why Business Intelligence? Data analysis problems Data Warehouse (DW) introduction DW topics Multidimensional modeling ETL Performance optimization 4 •2 What is Business Intelligence (BI)? • From...
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...Nova Southeastern University H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship MGT 5012– Twenty First Century Management Practices Date of Submission: March 17, 2013 Title of Assignment: Managing Cultural Diversity Syllabus: MGT 5012- 21st Mgmt Practices 26 Over the years, the workforce has grown to have diverse groups of people working together. Diversity is defined as the differences or dissimilarities among people. These differences can be age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, education, experience, and any characteristic used to distinguish between people. (Jones, 2011) To understand the present, a look at the history of diversity in the workplace will be discussed. I will research and discuss the cultural diversity and how managers today have evolved over the years to learn how to handle it. I will discuss certain steps that managers can take to effectively manage the diversity in their workplace. I will look into the business etiquette and protocol of countries like the United States, Mexico, and Japan. I will also look into where these countries fall on Hofstede’s model of national culture. I will also discuss why it’s important for mangers to learn about a culture they are not familiar with when doing business to make sure they don’t offend the other person or company. History of Diversity in the Workplace The workforce slowly changed after World War II as a growing number of minority groups began to speak up and demand...
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...customs, morals and ethical standards. Societies are based upon different traditions, rituals, and religions; and promote different views regarding family, work, social, and personal responsibilities. Hofstede's framework was originally comprised of four dimensions. The first dimension - individualism/collectivism - is widely acknowledged as a defining element of culture. In individualistic societies people are expected to look out after themselves, whereas in collectivist societies there is a greater emphasis on group welfare and loyalty. Individualists value independence and self-expression, and tend to believe that personal goals and interests are more important than group interests. In contrast, collectivists tend to view themselves as members of an extended family or organization, place group interests ahead of individual needs, and value reciprocation of favors and respect for tradition. The second dimension - uncertainty avoidance - represents the extent to which people feel uncomfortable or threatened by ambiguous and uncertain situations, and thus create belief systems and institutions in order to promote conformity. Societies with higher levels of uncertainty avoidance place greater value on security (e.g., financial, social), feel a greater need for consensus and written rules, and are intolerant of deviations from the norm. In contrast, individuals with low uncertainty avoidance rely less on written rules and are more risk tolerant. A third dimension - masculinity/femininity...
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...Covey’s “Seven Habits of Highly Effective People” have truly changed my life in a positive way. Before starting to read the book, I thought I was going to find myself with one of those books with difficult concepts to understand and to relate with, however, from the beginning of the begging of the book I was able to connect myself to the author’s ideas. Reading about what the author and his wife were going through while they were raising their son was helpful to me, as Covey tells us, his book was inspired by a familiar crisis he and his wife were going through as they were raising their child. Their child was having a hard time keeping up academically and socially. The child was falling behind his classmates in most respects. The first thing the author, Covey and his wife, Sandra tried to do was to motivate his son, to reach such goal they employed phrases such as “that’s good son” “keep it up” however, Covey, soon realized that they were employing the wrong strategy, what they were doing wasn’t in harmony with the way they perceived their son. Consequently, they started to change themselves, they decided to focus on themselves rather than on their son, they gave up the idea of wanting to change their child, rather, they decided to start valuing their son’s uniqueness. The result of such new behavior adopted by Covey and his wife was a child who started to excel academically, as well as in other areas. Such introduction to the book led me to evaluate the way I was doing things...
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...The power behind the recent surge in Asia’ economy may have developed from the s tenets of one of that continent’ earliest philosophers. s The Confucius Connection: From Cultural Roots To Economic Growth Geert Hofstede Michael Harris Bond J n 1968,the late Nobel-prize-winning mist Gunnar Myrdal published Asian Drama that described tions into the failure in South ment policies different Korea, econo- a book entitled his investigadevelopAsia. a very South however, countries Malaysia, some South and Southeast Asian besides Singapore, such as India, Thailand, and Indonesia drama), (the very also show signs of of economic scene of Myrdal’ s and Southeast drama: Kong, Japan, Twenty years later, we are experiencing kind of Asian Taiwan, Hong an economic takeoff. World Bank data on the average annual growth product rate of per capita gross national the East Asian (see Exhibit 1) confirm and Singapore are now outperforming the United States and Western Europe economically. Western markets are flooded with high-quality, hightechnology products “made in Asia”; the production of cameras, TV sets, and domestic appliances has all but ceased in many Western countries, the automobile business has suffered severely, and President Reagan has had to violate his free-trade principles to save the U.S. microchip industry. It is true that most of the competition is from East, rather than from South or Southeast Asia; lead. The Five Dragons, as these countries...
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...TAK MENG CHOY GM520: Legal, Political, and Ethical Dimensions Week 2 TCO B Homework 1. State the administrative agency, which controls the regulation. Explain why this agency and your proposed regulation interest you (briefly). How will this proposed regulation affect you or the business in which you are working? Provide the URL to the website where the regulation change proposal is located. (Check your URL to be sure it takes the reader to the actual regulation). (10 points) The FDA or also known as the Food and Drug Administration are agencies that control the rules and regulations. I decided to used this agency as my reference because the FDA is one the most popular and important agency. This proposed regulation change who filed this petition with the FDA to amend their rule is Cargill. Scientist and researchers in Cargill research and development laboratories and engineering departments have worked on this project for a number of years. If Cargill plant expansion to produce their product on that specific location, this would bring a positive economic impact to that location, only if the rules by the FDA become permanent. 2. Describe the proposal/change. (10 points) According to the FDA Summary, “amending the health claim regulation entitled ‘Soluble fiber from certain foods and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD)’ to add barley beta fiber as an additional eligible source of beta-glucan soluble fiber.” The FDA has come to the agreement that there is an important...
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...“Work Ethic: Do New Employees Mean New Work Values?” 2010 Journal of Managerial Issues, 22 (1), 10-34 Raymond K. Van Ness, Ph.D. State University of New York at Albany, Kimberly Melinsky, Ph.D. ABD, The College of Saint Rose, Cheryl Buff, Ph.D. Siena College, and Charles F. Seifert, Ph.D. Siena College ABSTRACT This study compares and contrasts the individual dimensions of work ethic of graduating college and university students to those of workforce professionals. The Multidimensional Work Ethic Profile (MWEP) is used to operationalize seven dimensions of work ethic. The findings indicate that while students and workforce professionals differ within the individual dimensions, quantitatively, they have the same overall work ethic. Variances within the dimensions of work ethic may have important implications for corporate managers. Keywords: Work Ethic, Work Values, Dimensions of Work Ethic “Work Ethic: Do New Employees Mean New Work Values?” INTRODUCTION The concept of work ethic has evolved from the writings of the early 20th century scholar, Max Weber (Weber, 1904-1905), who has been frequently credited with contributing to the success of capitalism in western society with what became known as the Protestant work ethic (PWE) (Hirschfeld and Field, 2000; Hill and Petty, 1995; Kalberg, 1996; Chusmir and Koberg, 1988). Weber highlighted the value of work commitment and raised questions as to why some people place a greater importance on work and appear more conscientious than...
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...Hatem Al Rifai GM520: Legal, Political, and Ethical Dimensions Professor: Bijan Zayer Week 2 Assignment 1. State the administrative agency, which controls the regulation. Explain why this agency and your proposed regulation interest you (briefly). How will this proposed regulation affect you or the business in which you are working? Provide the URL to the website where the regulation change proposal is located. (Check your URL to be sure it takes the reader to the actual regulation). (10 points) The FDA or also known as the Food and Drug Administration are agencies that control the rules and regulations. I decided to use this agency as my reference because the FDA is one the most popular and important agency. This proposed regulation change who filed this petition with the FDA to amend their rule is Cargill. Scientist and researchers in Cargill research and development laboratories and engineering departments have worked on this project for a number of years. If Cargill plant expansion to produce their product on that specific location, this would bring a positive economic impact to that location, only if the rules by the FDA become permanent. 2. Describe the proposal/change. (10 points) According to the FDA Summary, “amending the health claim regulation entitled ‘Soluble fiber from certain foods and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD)’ to add barley beta fiber as an additional eligible source of beta-glucan soluble fiber.” The FDA has come to the agreement...
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