...often alter that view. Mass media shapes public opinion on many different matters. When you want to see the most current events, read about the news or listen to get the latest gossip on celebrities, or learn the latest fashion trends, members of society usually turn on the television, the radio, or access the internet through your computer or smartphone. Mass media has developed a technology to reach the vast majority of the population. The mass media is constantly changing and growing as new technological advances are being made. The public is exposed to vast amounts of content in the stories they read and the news they listen to, and even though we depend on mass media for almost everything we listen to, all the stories may not be very ethical. There are many undependable sources of mass media out there, but there are also true, dependable and reliable sources that we are exposed to as well. As the public depends on the media to such a great degree, it is important to know which sources to trust, and which to disregard as unreliable. The public is constantly asking for more ways to get their news, and mass media is making sure to keep up with public demand. Mass media is everywhere and has a strong presence in our everyday life. When the mass media distributes a message, the public is sure to listen. When mass media delivers a positive message, it can be a source of inspiration, and if used wisely, the mass media can...
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...Institute for Research on Poverty Discussion Paper no. 1044-94 Long-Term Poverty and Child Development in the United States: Results from the NLSY Sanders Korenman Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs and Center for Population Analysis and Policy University of Minnesota Jane E. Miller Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research Rutgers University John E. Sjaastad Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs University of Minnesota September 1994 This research was funded by a grant from the Institute for Research on Poverty at the University of Wisconsin. An earlier version of part of this paper appeared as part of Office of Population Research Working Paper No. 93-5, Princeton University, June 1993, which contains supplemental analyses and is available from the authors. We thank participants in seminars at the University of Maryland, the University of Michigan, Princeton University, the National Bureau of Economic Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and the 1993 meetings of the Population Association of America for their comments. Abstract The authors describe developmental deficits in early childhood associated with long-term poverty in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). They compare estimates of the effects of long-term poverty (based on a thirteen-year average of income) to estimates of the effects of poverty based on a single year of income (at the time of developmental assessment). They find substantial developmental deficits among...
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...of Unwed Mothers Is Teen Pregnancy the Problem? Institute for American Values This report comes from the Marriage Project of the Institute for American Values. Maggie Gallagher, the principal investigator, is an affiliate scholar at the Institute and the director of its Marriage Project. The Institute is grateful to Amara Bachu, Douglas J. Besharov, Norval Glenn, Dana Mack, Steven L. Nock, and Maris Vinovskis for their scholarly and editorial suggestions, and to the William H. Donner Foundation for its generous financial support of this initiative. The contributions of other supporters are also greatly appreciated. On the cover: Maternity (1950) by Milton Avery. Oil on canvas, 32 X 46 inches. Collection of Sally M. Avery. ©1999, Milton Avery Trust/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York, NY. © 1999, Institute for American Values. All rights reserved. No reproduction of the materials contained herein is permitted without the written permission of the Institute for American Values. ISBN 0-9659841-5-X Institute for American Values 1841 Broadway, Suite 211 New York, NY 10023 Tel: (212) 246-3942 Fax: (212) 541-6665 info@americanvalues.org www.americanvalues.org The Age of Unwed Mothers Is Teen Pregnancy the Problem? Executive Summary Why have three decades of intensive national effort to reduce teen pregnancy not been more successful? Largely because for three decades, we have framed the problem falsely. What we have called our “teen pregnancy” crisis is not...
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...Donald Capella University HIV/AIDS Affect on the African American Community HIV/AIDS is prevalent in the African American community. African Americans are among the highest risk group for contracting HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS has been an issue in the African-American community for a number of years. This learner will provide a general overview on the ethnic population under study but will have a particular focus on black heterosexual men for the purpose contributing to the much lacking knowledge base on this particular population subset. Problem Statement The topic of HIV/AIDS is relevant to mental health counseling because this disease can have a devastating effect on the psyche of any human being suffering with this illness. Many minority teens and adults have a passive attitude when it comes to HIV/AIDS, and when confronted with the issue, they need to have access to the proper channels for information and support. Over 33 million people worldwide are living with HIV infection, and approximately 56,000 new HIV infections are reported every year in the United States alone (Kamen, et al., 2012). Black heterosexual men (BHM) are seldom mentioned in HIV prevention research, policy, and interventions, despite evidence that heterosexual contact is becoming the leading exposure category for BHM (Bowleg & Raj, 2012). It is important to identify the risk factors and treatments available for African Americans with HIV/AIDS. HIV Prevention Research Black heterosexual men (BHM) are...
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...Running Head: UNIT THREE WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS Unit Three Written Assignments Erin Schmidt Professor Vega St. Joseph’s College of Maine Prepared on November 30, 2009 1. Of all the people using the health care system today, how important are social problems on the use of the health care system? Social problems including AIDS, drug abuse, violence, and teen pregnancy are very important when considering the economy of the United States Health Care System. Unprotected sexual contact and sharing dirty needles account for the majority of persons infected with AIDS. HIV and AIDS affect human capitol due to the increased mortality of this group. Bonnel (2000) notes that younger individuals are dying of this disease, which translates to a decreased taxable population and reduction in resources for public expenditures. Medications such as antiretrovirals are very expensive. Henderson (2002) points out that drug therapy costs up to $16,000 dollars per infected individual per year. Additional economic impact can be thought of in terms of lost productivity, and lost days from work, which account for a significant impact on the labor supply. With regard to substance abuse, Henderson (2002) states “substance abuse is the leading health problem in the United States today” (p. 310). Costs associated with substance abuse include increased costs of medical care, lost productivity from...
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...Utica College Psychology 101: Introductory Psychology, Fall 2011 Section C: T/TH, 10:00-11:15 – Hubbard Hall 207 Section D: T/TH, 11:30-12:45 – Hubbard Hall 208 Professor: Dr. Tyson Kreiger Phone: 792-5285 Office: 105 DePerno Hall Email: tckreige@utica.edu Office Hours: Monday/Friday 10:30-12:00, Tuesday 1:00 -2:00, and by appointment. If you stop by my office during other times, there is a very good chance I can meet with you then as well. Aside from weekends and holidays, I check my email frequently. This is the best way to contact me. Required Text: Myers, D. (2009). Psychology (9th edition). New York: Worth Publishers. Required access to computers: You need to be in the habit of checking your UC email address, as this is how I will contact you. I will also use Angel to post your grades so that you will know your standing at any time. The syllabus and worksheets will also be uploaded should you misplace them. COURSE GOALS Welcome to Introductory Psychology. This course focuses on the science of psychology and includes the following goals: 1. Develop an understanding of how Psychology is relevant to your daily life and academic success. In fact, students who are able to relate course concepts to real-life examples tend to learn more effectively and remember course information. 2. Provide a basic foundation of the major content areas in psychology. 3. Demonstrate an understanding of the basic concepts and procedures of the...
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...will outline a communication plan to make strategies known to all stakeholders. Two corporate governance mechanisms will be selected to evaluate the effectiveness of the controlling managers. I will evaluate the effectiveness of leadership within the corporation and make recommendations for improvement. An assessment of the efforts by Starbuck’s corporation to be a responsible and ethical corporation and the impact of these efforts on the corporation is bottom-line. The Impact of the Company’s Mission, Vision, and Primary Stakeholders on Overall Success A mission statement is a company’s beacon light to assist company employees with its navigation. In relations to the organizations customers, it is assurance that the company is committed to the clients’ purpose. A mission statement articulates the front line of the organization and reminds the firm’s partners of how the company would like to be seen by its consumers (Starbucks, 2013). In Starbuck’s mission statement states that top executives at Starbucks understand the link between the significance of research and development. This implication is clear...
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...Attachment, in dictionary terms, means affection, fondness, or sympathy for someone or something. In psychotherapy, attachment theory refers to how those attachments impact human interpersonal relations. Attachment theory was first conceptualised by John Bowlby, a psychoanalyst who dedicated his time to studying the affectional bonds which form between a child and his primary caregiver. In Segal and Jaffe (2013), the affectional bond is simply but realistically defined as one's first love relationship. Bowlby referred to attachment as a lasting psychological connectedness between human beings. This bond is initially formed by the first attachment figure a person comes across in life. This is in most cases is the mother. In other situations, it may be a father, or where a child is orphaned or put in foster care, it could vary. It refers to anyone who remains in a central role in a child's life for at least the first three to five years. This period is crucial because it is when a child's brain rapidly develops. Bowlby (1984) says that attachment behaviour is most active and overt before the age of three but the need for attachment figures remains throughout life. Bretherton (1985) found that after three, it is less frequent and noticeable as the child gains increased abilities to protect itself and coping skills. Attachment behaviour is however more noticeable during times of exceptional stress. According to Segal and Jaffe (2013), an attachment bond shapes an infant's brain...
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...Chapter TWO THE ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENT CHAPTER CONTENTS Overview of the Chapter 2 Learning Objectives 2 Key Terms 2 Lecture Outline 3 Learning Objectives Revisited 9 Lecture Enhancers 10 Notes for Topics for Discussion and Action 12 Notes for Building Management Skills 16 Notes for Management For You 17 Notes for Small Group Breakout Exercise 17 Notes For Managing Ethically 19 Notes For Web Exercises 19 Notes for You’re the Management Consultant 19 Notes for Management Case 20 Notes for Management Case in the News from the pages of Business Week 21 Overview of the Chapter This chapter examines the organizational environment in detail. It identifies the principal forces—both task and general—that create pressure and influence management and thus affect the way organizations operate. It concludes with a study of several methods that managers can use to help organizations adjust and respond to forces in the organizational environment. Learning Objectives 1. Explain why being able to perceive, interpret, and respond appropriately to the organizational environment is crucial for managers’ success. 1. Identify the main forces in an organization’s general and task environments, and describe the challenges that each force presents to managers. 1. Discuss the main ways in which managers can manage the organizational environment. Key Terms barriers to entry brand loyalty command economy competitors customers demographic forces ...
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...El-Bassiouny On 10/12/2012 1 Literature Review Outline 1. Introduction 2. Consumerism in perspective 2.1. Definitions 2.1.1. First stream of thought: Benign Definitions 2.1.1.1. 2.1.1.2. 2.1.1.3. First definition: Manipulative Techniques Second definition: Customer is King Third definition: Globalization 2.1.2. Second stream of thought: Destructive Definition 2.1.2.1. Evolution Of The Consumer Culture 2.2. Implications Of The Benign Consumerism Definitions On Marketing Strategy 3. The Consumer Culture And The Consumption Society 3.1. Distinguishing Definition 3.2. Conditions For A Consumption Society 3.3. Unhealthy Pillars/Consequences Of The Consumption Society 3.3.1. Materialism 3.3.2. Compensatory consumption: The "Shopaholic" Phenomenon 3.3.3. I Shop Therefore I Am 3.3.4. Living Beyond Your Means 4. Antecedents To The Unhealthy Consumption Pillars 4.1. Intrinsic/Personal Influences 4.1.1. Personality Characteristics: 4.1.1.1. 4.1.1.2. 4.1.1.3. Self-Monitoring Personality Trait Innovativeness, Fashion Orientation And Opinion Leadership Ethical orientation 4.1.2. Psychological characteristics 4.1.2.1. 4.1.2.2. 4.1.2.3. 4.1.2.4. Co-morbidity and the Joint cycle of compulsive consumption Obsessive thoughts and Risk Taking Propensity Low self esteem Dealing with Negative Emotions and life challenges 4.2. Societal Influences: "Keeping Up With The Joneses" 2 5. The Role Of Marketing In The Consumption Culture 5.1. Marketing And Materialism 5.2. Marketing,...
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...Chapter Overview 12.1 The Beginnings of Development What Is Development? Prenatal Development The Newborn CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.1 Before and Preoperational Stage Concrete Operational Stage Formal Operational Stage Challenges to Piaget’s Stage Theory Social Development The Power of Touch Attachment Theory Disruption of Attachment Family Relationships Peers After Birth 12.2 Infancy and Childhood Physical Development Cognitive Development Piaget’s Stage Theory Sensorimotor Stage CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.2 Stages of Cognitive Development 12 Learning Objectives Development Throughout the Life Span 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 Describe the development of the field and explain the prenatal and newborn stages of human development. Discuss physical development in infants and newborns. Examine Piaget’s stage theory in relation to early cognitive development. Illustrate the importance of attachment in psychosocial development. Discuss the impact of sexual development in adolescence and changes in moral reasoning in adolescents and young adults. Examine the life stages within Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. Illustrate the physical, cognitive, and social aspects of aging. Describe the multiple influences of nature and nurture in human development. 12.3 Adolescence and Young Adulthood Physical Development Cognitive Development Social Development Cognitive Development Social Development Continuity or Change Relationships Ages and...
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...Chapter I THE PROBLEM Introduction “Arming the youth with information,” one of the goals of the Reproductive Health Bill. In line with one of the two targets of Goal 5 - Improving Maternal Health - of the eight Millennium Development Goals which is achieving universal access to reproductive health by 2015. To achieve its goals, the bill provides for mandatory reproductive health education and that it be taught in "an age-appropriate manner... by adequately trained teachers starting from Grade 5 up to Fourth Year High School." As Iloilo Representative Janette Garin, author of the Reproductive Health Care Act says, “It’s very difficult to live in a society where we will be hypocritical and pretend that nothing is happening. But as early as grade 4 and 3, children, especially those in public schools, already have girlfriends and boyfriends.” Defined by United Nations (UN) on ICPD 1994, 'Reproductive health' is “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and...not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and its functions and processes.” Considering the fact that we are a Christian nation, some people and religious groups find this topic very sensitive to be discussed among youngsters. In this regard, Filipino mothers have the “you-will-learn-when-you-are-old-enough” attitude. As with this, the researchers have come up to a study that would determine the knowledge regarding reproductive health of the high...
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...1 United States Coast Guard Auxiliary Study Can the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary survive in the 21st Century? How changing generational attitudes will affect an all-volunteer organization August 2006 1 This page intentionally left blank INDEX 1. Introduction 1 2. Analysis 3 A. The canary in the mine 4 B. Understanding generational attitudes 4 C. Four generations 5 D. Exploring the next generation of retirees: The Baby Boomers 6 E. Gen-X: It’s about lifestyle 8 F. Call them Gen-Y or Millennials, they deserve our attention 10 G. The new volunteers: What to expect 12 ` H. My time is not your time 14 I. Generational differences shaping leadership 15 J. American volunteer rate steady 17 3. Conclusions 19 A. Past expectations 20 B. Present construct 20 C. Spontaneous volunteer: Something new 21 D. High touch 21 E. Exploring contemporary trends in volunteering 23 1. Volunteer burnout 23 2. The human touch 24 3. Professionalizing the volunteer corps 25 4. New forms of volunteerism 25 5. Diversity 26 6. Technology 26 F. Communications challenge 27 4. Summary 29 6. Appendix 31 1 Membership numbers How many members the Auxiliary needs to meet their mission obligations and how many members it needs to meet its financial requirements would be two different answers. Getting a specific answer from the leadership is difficult because of the way the two spiral around each other like a double helix strand of DNA. They are – for now – inseparable...
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...Motivation is the driving force within individuals that impels them to action. This driving force is produced by a state of uncomfortable tension, which exists as the result of an unsatisfied need. All individuals have needs, wants, and desires. The individual’s subconscious drive to reduce need-induced tensions results in behavior that he or she anticipates will satisfy needs and thus bring about a more comfortable internal state. Motivation can be either positive or negative. Innate needs—those an individual is born with—are physiological (biogenic) in nature; they include all the factors required to sustain physical life (e.g., food, water, clothing, shelter, sex, and physical safety). Acquired needs—those an individual develops after birth—are primarily psychological (psychogenic); they include love, acceptance, esteem, and self-fulfillment. All behavior is goal oriented. Goals are the sought-after results of motivated behavior. The form or direction that behavior takes—the goal that is selected—is a result of thinking processes (cognition) and previous learning (e.g., experience). There are two types of goals: generic goals and product specific goals. A generic goal is a general category of goal that may fulfill a certain need; a product-specific goal is a specifically branded or labeled product that the individual sees as a way to fulfill a need. Product-specific needs are sometimes referred...
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...KING’S THEORY OF GOAL ATTAINMENT EXEMPLIFIED FROM THE INTRAPARTUM NURSE’S PERSPECTIVE By Jacqueline L. Karlin The model of nurse-patient transaction from King’s Theory of Goal Attainment was employed to explore the impact of the nurse-patient transaction as it relates to primiparous patient satisfaction with the childbirth process. In this descriptive study, intrapartum nurses were interviewed regarding their perception of primiparous patient’s childbirth experience. The interviews were reflected upon to develop a better understanding of the impact of the nurse-patient transaction on achieving patient satisfaction with coping strategies. The findings revealed that although only one-half of the patients had participated in formal childbirth classes, effective nurse-patient transactions were successful in goal attainment of satisfaction with coping strategies in labor and delivery. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... iii CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................1 CHAPTER 2 – THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND LITERATURE REVIEW ..........3 Personal System ..............................................................................................................3 Interpersonal System .......................................................................................................5 Social System...
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