...exemption for "religious purposes" has always been a sensitive matter, because the First Amendment sets strict limits on government regulation of religion in any form -- church, sect, denomination, ministry, etc. Some self-proclaimed churches may use the administrative and judicial limitations on Service regulation to hinder our review of their activities. We have always been aware of the possibility of abuse, i.e. hiding non-charitable, non-religious activities under privileged church status. See the 1978 EOATRI textbook topic on Churches, pp. 1-29. Public interest in religious groups (exempt or not) is very keen. There is an increase in the number of "religious" tax-avoidance schemes, e.g., mail order ministries, family churches, vows of poverty, etc. Congress has been investigating Reverend Moon's Unification Church and related organizations for illegal activities. The recent mass suicide at the People's Temple in Jonestown, Guyana, drew international comment and much Congressional interest. And, the press is filled with reports of "brainwashed" disciples and parents "re-kidnapping" their children. The 1978 EOATRI textbook topic on Churches is a good summary of the major problems we encounter in administering the IRC 501(c)(3) "religious purposes" exemption. This discussion is meant to supplement that topic. We intend only to highlight new developments and the increased interest in the area. 1. Inurement and Tax Avoidance Schemes IRC 501(c)(3) clearly precludes exemption for all...
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...ISSN 2239-978X Journal of Educational and Social Research Vol. 3 (1) January 2013 Economic Status of Parents, a Determinant on Academic Performance of Senior Secondary Schools Students in Ibadan, Nigeria Osonwa, O.K1 Adejobi, A.O2 Iyam, M.A3 Osonwa, R.H4 Calabar. Doi: 10.5901/jesr.2013.v3n1p115 Abstract r the and the academic performance of their ch dren from higher income Key Words: 1. Introduction Academic performance (most especially...
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...everyone is susceptible to the effects of climate change, such effects will be experienced unevenly, with the most vulnerable people in the most deprived communities bearing the most of damaging of the effects of climate change, (Smith, 2006). It must be recognised that the experiences and concerns of the people who are themselves living in poverty must be taken into account. This is especially of concern given that deprived groups and individuals will experience the most difficulty in coping with market based responses to climate change. This research will seek to address the current gap in our understanding of the relations between climate change and the experience of living in poverty in Ireland. Aims and Objectives The aim of this research essentially is to try and gain a broader understanding of how climate change is affecting those living in less than acceptable standards in Ireland. This research will attempt to: 1) Document the major climate change concerns that emerge for people experiencing poverty in Ireland; what are key economic, social and political concerns related to climate change that arise for people experiencing poverty? 2) Examine how these concerns are influenced by perceived risk: To what extent do individuals identify themselves as at risk to climate change? How is this influenced socially and culturally? 3) Investigate the ways in which risk perception impacts on adaptive responses to climate change. Purpose and Rationale The ultimate goal of this...
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...ABSTRACT This research work was designed to find out the effect of poverty on the academic performance of students in some selected secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. This research work consist of five chapter. Chapter one was on the background of the study. However, the significance of the study was highlighted in addition to the problem encountered by the researcher in the course of investigation. Chapter two was on the review of related literature while chapter three was on methodology, area considered under this section are population, sampling, validation and reliability of questionnaire, administration of questionnaire and method of data analysis. Chapter four was devoted to data analysis, where the researcher adopted the frequency method and percentage to analyze the data collected by means of questionnaire on the final note was chapter five which was devoted to the summary and conclusion and recommendations. TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER ONE Introduction Background of the study Statement of the problem Purpose of the study Significance of the study Research questions Limitation of the study Definition of terms CHAPTER TWO Literature review CHAPTER THREE Research methodology Research design Area of study Population Sample and sampling procedure Instrument for data collection Method of data collection Method of data analysis CHAPTER FOUR Analysis of data CHAPTER FIVE Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation REFERENCES...
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...and Goliath: Underdogs, Misfits, and the Art of Battling Giants, a person’s “self-identity” in college is just as important as the student’s actual intelligence. Gladwell begins to explain that if you are in a class where you feel smart (or have a positive self-identity); you will perform extraordinarily better on examinations. On the contrary, even though one is highly intelligent, if they are in a class containing students who are smarter than they are, then they will feel less smart and perform worse on examinations. If we compare college students to juvenile’s delinquency, we can get a better idea on how the self-fulfilling prophecy operates. If a society treats someone like a criminal, regardless of the offender’s...
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...Structure of the Education System | | Education in Bangladesh has three major stages-primary, secondary and higher education. Primary education is a 5-year cycle while secondary education is a 7- year one with three sub-stages: 3 years of junior secondary, 2 years of secondary and 2 years of higher secondary. The entry age for primary is 6 years. The junior, secondary and higher stages are designed for age groups 11-13, 14-15 and 16-17 years. Higher secondary is followed by graduate level education in general, technical, engineering, agriculture, business studies, and medical streams requiring 5-6 years to obtain a Masters degree. | In the general education stream, higher secondary is followed by college/university level education through the Pass/Honors Graduate Courses (4 years). The masters Degree is of one year's duration for holders of Bachelor Degree (Honors) and two years duration for holders of (Pass) Bachelor Degree. Higher education in the technical area also starts after higher secondary level. Engineering, agriculture, business, medical and information & communication technology are the major technical and technological education areas. In each of the courses of study, except for medical education, a 5- year course of study is required for the first degree. | | Different Steams in Education | | Primary level education is provided under two major institutional arrangements (stream)-general and madrasha, while secondary education has three major...
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...Analyse the importance of poverty as an explanation of social class differences in educational achievement Introduction Sociologists have argued that social class differences in educational achievement can be explained in terms of 4 not necessarily mutually exclusive kinds of theory: IQ theory; theories emphasising social class differences in material circumstances; theories emphasising social class differences in subcultural attitudes and values; and theories emphasising the importance of within school labelling processes. Sociologists tend to be critical of IQ theory for several reasons and point out that there is good evidence to show that social class is a major determinant of educational success even independently of measured differences in IQ. I shall therefore concentrate upon the three more sociological approaches and in each case it may be argued that the factors which may disadvantage working class students in general are especially likely to disadvantage those working class students who experience poverty. However before analysing the possible effects of poverty on educational achievement some preliminary investigation of the nature and extent of poverty in the UK is first necessary and for these purposes we must first distinguish between absolute and relative poverty. Absolute poverty is said to occur when individuals lack the money necessary to ensure their basis physical survival whereas relative poverty exists where individuals have insufficient money to...
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...CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS GCE Advanced Level MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2014 series 9699 SOCIOLOGY 9699/33 Paper 3 (Social Inequality and Opportunity), maximum raw mark 75 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers. Cambridge will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes. Cambridge is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2014 series for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level components and some Ordinary Level components. Page 2 1 Mark Scheme GCE A LEVEL – May/June 2014 Syllabus 9699 Paper 33 (a) Explain how the achievement of pupils may be influenced by pupil sub-cultures. [9] 0–4 A few general observations about pupils’ educational achievement, with no direct links to the question, would be worth 1 or 2 marks. A basic account of what is meant by pupil sub-culture, with no further development in relation to the question, would be placed in the higher part of the band. 5–9 Lower in the band, answers are likely to provide a basic...
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...In the early 1960s, the civil rights movement forced the United States to address the rising problem of poverty. The movement motivated discontent young Americans as well as President John F. Kennedy to take action at help stop poverty in the states. Kennedy responded by taking initiative and beginning federal programs to address job creation. These new programs focused primarily on skills training and fighting hunger. Kennedy’s successor, President Lyndon Johnson, would use these programs as the bases for his campaign to end poverty in the United States. During his State of the Union address held on January 8, 1964, Johnson declared an “unconditional war on poverty in America.” For his 1664 presidency. On August of that year, President Johnson...
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...POL1EEH International Relations and the Global Economy Take Home Examination 2 November 2012 INSTRUCTIONS: The examination is worth 35% of the final mark for this unit. Students are to answer ONE question from SECTION A and ONE question from SECTION B, each in essay format, independently. Each essay should be approximately 750 words and should be referenced appropriately. Each essay will constitute 50% of the mark for this piece of assessment. Completed exams should be submitted to the Essay Box in the Politics and International Relations Program Office no later than 5pm on Monday 5 November and also lodged electronically via the Turnitin link on LMS. As this is an examination there will be no extensions. Any exams submitted after the due date will receive 0% for this piece of work. If circumstances befall a student during the examination that prevent timely completion, students should contact Dr Jon Symons (J.Symons@latrobe.edu.au) with written evidence of the problem and an alternative time to complete the examination will be arranged. QUESTIONS: SECTION A 1. To what extent have the main features of the global economic order established after World War II been transformed by globalization? 2. ‘The failure of so many multilateral institutions reflects not just the problems of those institutions but the shortcomings of multilateralism more generally.’ Critically evaluate this claim in relation to ONE multilateral institution. 3. To what extent do liberal ideas retain their dominance...
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...SYLLABUS Cambridge IGCSE® Economics 0455 For examination in June and November 2016. Also for examination in March 2016 for India only. Cambridge Secondary 2 Changes to syllabus for 2016 This syllabus has been updated. Significant changes to the syllabus are indicated by black vertical lines either side of the text. Cambridge International Examinations retains the copyright on all its publications. Registered Centres are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use. However, we cannot give permission to Centres to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within a Centre. ® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Why choose Cambridge? Why choose Cambridge IGCSE? Why choose Cambridge IGCSE Economics? Cambridge ICE (International Certificate of Education) How can I find out more? 2. Teacher support.............................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Support materials 2.2 Resource lists 2.3 Training 3. Syllabus content at a glance ........................................................................................... 6 4. Assessment at a glance .................
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...CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examinations Economics Syllabus Effective for examinations from May/June 2010 Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to: The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road, Kingston 5, Jamaica, W.I. Telephone Number: (876) 920-6714 Facsimile Number: (876) 967-4972 E-mail address: cxcwzo@cxc.org Website: www.cxc.org Copyright © 2008, by Caribbean Examinations Council The Garrison, St. Michael BB 11158, Barbados CXC A20/U2/08 This document CXC A20/U2/08 replaces CXC A20/U2/03 issued in 2003. Please note that the syllabus was revised and amendments are indicated by italics and vertical lines. First Issued 2003 Revised 2008 Please check the website www.cxc.org for updates on CXC’s syllabuses. CXC A20/U2/08 Contents RATIONALE ........................................................................................................................................... 1 AIMS ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED ....................................................................................... 2 PRE-REQUISITES OF THE SYLLABUS .............................................................................................. 3 STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABUS ..............................
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...Millennium development goals are: 1. To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. To achieve universal primary education 3. To promote gender equality and empower women 4. To reduce child mortality 5. To improve maternal health 6. To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 7. To ensure environmental sustainability 8. To develop a global partnership for development Now in 2016 if we analysis the Govt. progress report of Bangladesh we can see that Bangladesh had great achievements in these fields: * Reducing extreme poverty * Reducing prevalent of underweight children under 5 years * Reducing under five child mortality * Increasing enrolment in primary school * Increased ration of girls to boys in primary and secondary education * Improved maternal health Analysis of Bangladesh’s achievement in all eight goals of Millennium Development Program: Goal 1: eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Bangladesh has made a praiseworthy progress in eradicating poverty and hunger. GDP growth rate of 6% and above has played a positive role . the robust of growth has been accompanied by improvement of several social indicators such as increased life expectancy and lower fertility rate . In 1992-93 the poverty rate of Bangladesh was 56.7 % and it was reduced to 31.5% in 2010. the rate of reduction being faster in the present decade than the earlier ones. the incidence of poverty has declined on an average 1.74...
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...OF ZAMBIA SCHOOL OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT NAME : LIMPO NAMAKAU COMPUTER NO : 11053909 COURSE : CVE 3020 LECTURER : MR. CHIDONGO PHIRI TASK : ASSIGNMENT (1) ONE LENGTH : BETWEEN 12 and 30 TYPED PAGES DUE DATE : 30th JANUARY, 2014. QUESTION : Critically discuss how the study of Public Legal Education would help school managers analyse the following; i). Public Nuisance ii). Negligence of girl child iii). Abortion Practices iv). Examination Malpractice Without rules and regulations, society would be impossible to have because freedom without boundaries results in anarchy which means total confusion. From birth, human beings’ lives, safety, health and peace are controlled by law. It is for this reason that this piece of work seeks to critically discuss how the study of public legal education would help school managers analyze public nuisance, negligence of the girl child, abortion practices and examination malpractices. According to Johari (1989), law is a set of rules which society develops for itself to control the behaviours of its members towards one another. Migel et al (2005) defines public as something that is not owned privately but in common, while legal is a word used to refer to issues, things, activities or information to do with how or what the law requires (Cooper, 1978). For a rule to be recognized as a law there should be a way of compelling people to obey it and this is done by imposing...
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...in North Korea is a command economy. Australia is considered to be a mixed market economy due its characteristics by private enterprise coupled with strong controlling oversight by the government and government provision of public goods such as roads. Australia's mixed market economy is a wealthy, market economy where the GDP is high and the rate of poverty is low. (Discoverwhy, 2016) In North Korea they have a planned economy, they also have a dictator. Their dictator can do whatever he wants and make whatever decisions he chooses with respect to the economy, military, etc. The inner circle around a dictator has influence over all kinds of important decisions, including economic decisions. Rather than having buyers, producers and sellers determine how much to produce or supply, such decisions are made by central planners who enforce production quotas based on some idealistic preference. This regularly leads to shortages, surpluses, misallocation of resources and poverty. |if you use sources that refer to data (numbers) list the URL/title of book below but remember that you will also need to complete the | |‘Examination of Data’ table in your criteria sheet. | |...
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