...Today’s mainstream feminist perception is white feminism. White feminism silences, dismisses, and rejects Women of Color’s (WoC) struggles and issues. White feminism is the center of the media while it continues to ignore intersectionality and privileges whiteness. Meanwhile, WoC address women’s rights by battling the patriarchy and its connection to racism and sexism within their own communities. Feminists of color are silenced by the dominant form of feminism, mainstream feminism, when it is seen as the primary narrative of feminist theories. White feminism silences WoC when white feminists dismiss the systemic racism WoC face, generalize WoC’s experiences of misogyny as the same misogyny white women face, and ignores the role that whiteness plays in society. White feminism completely disregards the racism WoC face everyday and marginalizes...
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...inequalities across different systems such as gender, race, education, sports, and more, how feminist ideas relate to inequality, intersecting identities, and the idea of privilege. There are inequalities across systems that can be seen in the way that women are viewed in society. An example of this is shown in chapter one in an article called “The Housewives Moment of Truth” by Jane O’Reilly. O’Reilly main point focuses on the notion that even through time women are still seen as being simple housewives. In today’s society women have obtained various professional jobs that go beyond the just being a teacher, and even with their success there are people that see women’s role as being in the household. O’Reilly article displays an example of gender inequality, and more importantly shows how there is still a lot progress that needs to be made. Besides gender inequality, the readings also point to other types of inequality like race. Race is very important when looking at women’s studies because everyone has to tackle their own problems every day. For instance, a black woman who is of a lower class, a single mother, a high school graduate, and tackling two jobs is viewed differently by people in society than a white woman who is of the middle class, married, graduated from college, and who has a professional job. Each reading also go into details about other types of inequalities such as those in education, where women are seen as working in jobs that are mainly dominated by women like clerical...
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...Feminism is known to be the belief of equality between the sexes and also the movement created around belief. In relation to equality, it is the idea to end sexism and to end a patriarchal society. The word feminism was created in the 1880’s in France and the Netherlands, which only connects to Caucasians (Hobbs, Rice 1B). Feminism started with Caucasians before it got established to people of color. The Feminist Movement is entirely about the change for women but the movement consists of only a White women’s viewpoint, which they view the male as the enemy. Reading about feminism only makes references to European men and women but not people of color. During the Feminist Movement, three waves were created; the first wave was women’s suffrage, the second wave was the women’s liberation movement, and the third movement was centered on sexuality (Hobbs, Rice 23). The movement was focused on women and poverty, women and education, violence against women, women in the economy, and women and politics. These were standard movements that were fought for but it was the perspective of the White women but it may have applied to all...
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...in her book In Search of our Mother’s Gardens. What is womanism? What are womanist views of feminism and are they well founded? Many womanists would agree that the feminist movement was only to created to end sexism. Author Bell Hooks states that anyone who supports feminist politics needs to comprehend the fact that the work does not end with the fight for gender equality (Hooks, 662). Many womanists would believe that feminism was only created by middle-class white women for middle-class white women, and they would be correct. Many feminists only believe in equal rights for middle-class...
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...What do you think of when you hear the word “feminism?” Do you think of egalitarianism? Do you think about the struggles that women all around the world have to deal with? I decided to analyze the article “Our Revolution Has Just Begun” by Gloria Steinem (2014). Gloria Steinem used her article, “Our Revolution Has Just Begun” to inform readers about two big myths of feminism and to prove both myths false. Steinem also used two key elements of Women’s Studies and feminism throughout the article, liberal feminism and the intersectionality. The use of these elements helped execute her purpose of the article in a clear and understandable way. Gloria Steinem used this article to persuade readers that the myths about feminism are not true. She used facts throughout the article to convince readers, but also to inform them. According to Steinem (2014), the myths that feminism is only for White middle-class women and that we live in a time where racism and sexism are extinct, so we no longer need feminists or the feminist movement are the two worst myths about feminism (p. 27). The second myth, feminists and the feminist movement are no longer useful because racism...
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...Feminism comes from a white, upper middle-class female perspective and is known for their ideology of eliminating and attacking men. However, black women have a different set of issues than white women. The struggles of black women are going to be different, causing them to want to be equals to men and not want to eliminate or attack men. It is clear that Their Eyes Were Watching God is a womanist novel. Their Eyes Were Watching God does not represent traditional feminist ideology. Throughout the years, people have only focused on feminism and its ideologies, and ignored womanist ideologies and its impact on society. Feminism can be described as a belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities, to the point at which women can completely exclude men and not rely on them at all. Feminism comes from a white female perspective and ignores the challenges that most African American women have to deal with. (McDowell, 153) Patricia Hill Collins gives an African American woman’s view on feminism and womanism. She goes on to say: “Again, Walker's definition provides guidance where...
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...Black Feminism Michelle Smith African American History Winter Quarter 2010 Purdue University Instructor: Professor Wilkens Introduction When the Black Feminist movement was developed, it was a revolution for black women. It gave them power, liberation, and a voice to overcome the emasculating efforts of white male power (Harrold, Hine, and Hine, 2009). When I first began this research, I discovered that Black Feminism is too broad of a topic to elaborate on as a whole. This paper defines the term “Black Feminism. It will explore two published articles that report on the theory and practice of how black feminism is making waves and what role of education in the development of the Black Feminist Thought from 1860 to 1920. This paper will examine when the National Black Feminist Organization was founded and lastly, how two outstanding women who made an impact in the Black Feminist Movement. According to Encyclo (n.d.) online encyclopedia the definition of black feminism is “A strand of feminist thought which highlights the multiple disadvantages of gender, class and race that shape the experiences of nonwhite women. Black feminists reject the idea of a single unified gender oppression that is experienced evenly by all women, and argue that early feminist analysis reflected the specific concerns of white, middle-class women.” In other words, black feminist argue that the liberation of black women entails freedom for all people since it would require the end of...
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...Feminist Theories Liberal / Reformist Feminism * Concerned with civil rights and freedom of individuals * They believe that all human beings should have equal rights * Reformism is the progress towards equal rights and freedoms through gradual reforms * They feel that laws against sex discrimination will lead towards a rise in equal rights * Also they feel that changes in culture will help equality, e.g. stereotypes being abolished Sex and Gender * Like Ann Oakley liberal feminists find a difference between sex and gender; * Sex refers to biological differences * Gender refers to culturally constructed differences between masculine and feminine roles * While sex differences are fixed, gender is different for different cultures, this is the part Liberal feminists want to change * Want to promote equality in education and the media * Take political action to introduce anti-discriminatory laws * Liberal feminist criticise the Funtionalist views of Parsons, regarding the Instrumental and Expressive roles * They feel that men and women are equally capable of performing either role, however society is constructed to tell us which role to adhere to * Liberal feminists do have a consensus view on society – they accept that there are conflicts between men and women but argue that it’s a product of outdated attitudes Evaluation of liberal feminism * Experiments conducted by liberal feminists have produced evidence legitimising...
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...begins by firstly providing a brief description and its origins, how feminist theories causes crime, how its theory defines crime, the multiple feminist perspectives within feminism and how feminist criminology attempts to combat crime. It will then discuss the relevance and how feminist theory influences the criminal justice system, such as women’s role as professionals, as well as women as offenders and victims (Schram & Tibbetts 2013, p. 285). Finally, this essay will examine the applicability to Australian society by exploring if the suggested causes of crime apply to Australian society. It will lastly draw on the criticisms of feminist criminology and how the different types of feminist perspectives lessons the relevance of this theory in Australian society. Outlining the theory Feminist criminology first developed in the 1960’s and 1970’s which was closely associated with the emergence of the Second Wave of Feminism (White, Haines & Asquith 2012, p. 143). The Second Wave of Feminism saw the advent of many issues such as social, political and material inequalities (White, Haines & Asquith 2012, p. 143). Because men were mostly privileged as a group by society, the development of feminist criminology emphasised and raised concerns of the problem of discrimination of females in the study if crime (White, Haines & Asquith 2012, p. 143). Thus, focusing on the issue of power and on gender as a social construct. The theory of feminist criminology seeks to address the general...
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...Black feminism is a school of feminism that was founded on the belief that factors such as racism, sexism, and class discrimination are all interwoven factors that lead to oppression, as these factors cannot be separated, but must be tackled together as a unit. Black feminists strive to liberate black women from oppression as they believe this will lead to freedom for all, as factors such as racism, sexism and class oppression will then be eliminated, freeing all people from the boundaries and constraints that oppression creates. This theory of feminism emerged as black women felt that they were subject to a harsher form of oppression than white women. This type of feminist movement was a response to the Feminist Movement, and the Black Liberation movement that was occurring at the time. They believed that the Feminist Movement solely helped white, middle-class women, and that it failed to focus on all women, as there were women — like the black women— who were being oppressed not only by gender, but also by race, and class. They too felt that the Black Liberation Movement focused only on the struggles of black men, and that they were sexually oppressed by this movement. They believed that both of these movements failed to recognized black women, as they were an invisible group. It is believed by the black feminists that they too, like the white feminists, struggle with issues concerning gender, but what differentiates them is that they are faced with being unequal on the basis...
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...Feminism in Multicultural Societies An analysis of Dutch Multicultural and Postsecular Developments and their Implications for Feminist Debates Eva Midden A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the requirements of the degree of PhD at the University of Central Lancashire May 2010 Student Declaration Concurrent registration for two or more academic awards I declare that while registered as a candidate for the research degree, I have not been registered candidate or enrolled student for another award of the University or other academic or professional institution Material submitted for another award I declare that no material contained in the thesis has been used in any other submission for an academic award and is solely my own work Signature of Candidate Type of Award School ___PhD_________________________________ ___Centre for Professional Ethics___________ 1 Abstract It was long assumed that both multiculturalism and feminism are connected to progressive movements and hence have comparable and compatible goals. However, both in academia and in popular media the critique on multiculturalism has grown and is often accompanied with arguments related to gender equality and/or feminism. According to political scientist Susan Moller Okin for example there are fundamental conflicts between our commitment to gender equality and the desire to respect the customs of minority cultures or religions. If we agree that women...
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...perspectives, however this specific bibliography has a focus on feminism. The bibliography begins with a reference involving the political tradition as a whole and transitions to references with an emphasis on feminism. The articles presented all cover a variety of natures of feminism including Black feminism, intersectional feminism, post-feminism, and second wave feminism. The articles that follow the first reference focusing on the political tradition have been placed in alphabetical order as they are all equally related to the political tradition and each serve their own purpose. Béland, D., Ramos, H., and Stanbridge, K. (2016) “Political Sociology is Dead. Long Live Political Sociology?” Canadian Review of Sociology, 53(3): 337-339 Contrary to the contradicting title, this article takes an approach to justify that political sociology is very much alive. Béland, Ramos, and Stanbridge argue that the ‘old’ variety of political sociology is ‘dead’. This ‘old’ form of political sociology is described in this article as relating to the relationships between classes,...
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...Like US: Social Class in America below: The working class vs. the middle class In the work, the working-class people more easy to injury at work than the middle class t. And, the working class people are least possibly have the extra money to buy essential, moreover luxurious things and holiday. The social class in US, the middle class family has the better survival qualifications, therefore they have the social activity, and their child can have a better education compared to the working class people. “Bourgeoisie Blues” – the black middle class The video explained that since the 1960 s the black middle class is growing by leaps and bounds, African Americans have chance entered white-collar jobs and have better education than before. They are no longer isolated by color identification in white middle-class community or in some areas; they developed their own black middle class community. But they still don’t have the same...
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...Kate Finch completed a study on the popular HBO series, True Blood. The research was an analysis of the Vampire Rights Amendment through public relations in pop culture and the theme of post feminism. The research is about the view post feminism view of public relations in pop culture using True Blood as a model. It shows the use of promotion, persuasion and public relations to draw in an audience. “Views interpretations are profoundly influenced by the social discourse in which they are interrelated.” (Brunsdon and Spigel,, 2007, pg. 260) It is important cause it gives the audience a deeper view of the feminism culture in popular culture, while allowing people to people it in the form of a television show that they would be able to spot and...
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...Kiana Rivera ENG 101/1:00 Shafer FEMINISM IS THE RADICAL NOTION THAT WOMEN ARE PEOPLE Bra-burning and man-hating extremists, feminists are branded as insane, radical women who want to establish a matriarchy. While some feminists are angry and some hate men, not all feminists do. Actually, according to Kristin Rowe-Finkbeiner in The F-Word: Feminism in Jeopardy, feminism “simply means the belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes.” (Feminism, Oppoising Viewpoints, pg 14) We only ever hear of the negative associated with feminism. When anti-feminist people are asked questions, most don’t understand why they believe that feminism is wrong and extreme; they do not understand why it is so vitally important, and why, even in 2013, it is still a relevant issue. Although there's a lot of information about feminism out there, much of it is judgmental, misinformed, or quite simply false. Women should have equal rights as men, and taking a stand to achieve this ideal with feminism is what’s slowly accomplishing this goal. According to the online Merriam-Webster dictionary, feminism is “the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities; organized activity in support of women's rights and interests.” (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, pg 1) In an article by Rachel Fudge, published in 2005 she brings up a very valid point on the issue of feminism and the many years that is has been around: “Despite 150 years of activism in pursuit of women's...
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