...Testing. The campaign was launched as an effort to step up and supplement and modify the programmes that are already running in the country, to fight HIV and AIDS. The campaign is known as the National HIV Counselling and Testing Campaign and it is based on the National HIV Counselling and Testing Campaign Strategy of SANAC (2010). The study aimed to investigate the impact of the campaign in terms of awareness levels of the benefiting groups as well as the challenges experienced by the relevant role players in implementing the campaign at the Ga-Motupa community in Limpopo. The investigation tools used in the research were interview schedules (qualitative). Three different focus groups were sampled from the target groups, namely Care givers, learners and ABET educators. Individual...
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...are dealing with the loss of a job, death, poverty, low income, no income, and are unable to provide and care for their family. The social problem that was selected to discuss and talk about is grandparents raising grandchildren. Today grandparents not only have to play the role as a grandparent but they too have to take on the task of being a parent as well. Grandparents do not sign up to be the care taker of their grandchild or grandchildren however when there is a dramatic change or transition in the life of the child and there is no other family member who can provide and care for the child the grandparent then will be the next of kin to care for them. Grandparents whom are raising their grandchildren is not something that is new and has been an epidemic for quite some time. Grandparents are playing role models to their grandchildren due to the circumstances and situations of their parents such as mental illness, substance abuse, incarceration and so many more reasons as to why the grandparents are raising their grandchildren. The paper will discuss the important facts that lead up to why it is a social problem with grandparents whom are raising their grandchildren. In the paper it will discuss how the grandparents age can play a major role in the raising the grandchildren and if something were to happen where would the children go and who would continue to care for them. Grandparents are important in children’s lives. The role that they play can help the child to...
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...THE GIVER Lois Lowry ← Plot Overview → The giver is written from the point of view of Jonas, an eleven-year-old boy living in a futuristic society that has eliminated all pain, fear, war, and hatred. There is no prejudice, since everyone looks and acts basically the same, and there is very little competition. Everyone is unfailingly polite. The society has also eliminated choice: at age twelve every member of the community is assigned a job based on his or her abilities and interests. Citizens can apply for and be assigned compatible spouses, and each couple is assigned exactly two children each. The children are born to Birthmothers, who never see them, and spend their first year in a Nurturing Center with other babies, or “newchildren,” born that year. When their children are grown, family units dissolve and adults live together with Childless Adults until they are too old to function in the society. Then they spend their last years being cared for in the House of the Old until they are finally “released” from the society. In the community, release is death, but it is never described that way; most people think that after release, flawed newchildren and joyful elderly people are welcomed into the vast expanse of Elsewhere that surrounds the communities. Citizens who break rules or fail to adapt properly to the society’s codes of behavior are also released, though in their cases it is an occasion of great shame. Everything is planned and organized so that life is as convenient...
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...Theoretical explanation of singlehood as a lifestyle A person who is not in a romantic intimate relationship is considered to be single. “Unclaimed treasure”, “old maid” and “spinster” are terms that are used synonymously to refer to women who remain single throughout their lives Baumbusch (2004). There’s a number of ways in which singlehood can be viewed, some may see it a personal choice while others might believe that it’s a symptom of problematic attachment styles. The purpose of this paper is to discuss explanations for why people may adopt single lifestyles, to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of these explanations and to finally support why I believe singlehood is seldom a choice but more of a response to circumstances that do not offer the opportunity for another alternative like marriage. This thought is also supported by Buambusch J. L. (2004, p 9)) when it says that none of the participants had consciously chosen single life; this is demonstrated in their short term plans in anticipation of future marriage. The theories that will be examined in this paper are the Sternberg’s typology of love and connectedness, theories of interpersonal attraction and attachment styles in intimate relationships. Psychologist Robert Sternberg (1988) created his influential triangular theory of love. He believed that different types of love (liking, infatuated love, empty love, romantic love, companionate love, fatuous love and consummate love) arise from different combinations...
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...Child Protection The process of protecting children from abuse or neglect, preventing impairment of their health and development, and ensuring they are growing up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care that enables children to have optimum life chances and enter adulthood successfully.’ (Source: Working Together to Safeguard Children, 2006). It is essential that children are safeguarded from maltreatment and impairment of their health and development not only to prevent the terrible day-today suffering some children are subjected to, but also to ensure that children are safe from these abuses to protect their long-term well-being (Combrink-Graham, 2006: 480). Deliberate and sustained maltreatment, which includes physical, emotional and sexual abuse of children, is not confined to any particular group or culture; it pervades all groups, classes and cultures. So as practitioners it is our professional duty of care to ensure that every child has the same amount of safeguarding as the next. It is also vital that as Early Years professionals we understand the roles and procedures of the services available for children and families so that we may offer the best advice possible. There are two areas of guidance statutory and non-statutory. A service which is defined as statutory is one that the Local Authority have a legal duty to supply. The Local Authority is obliged by statute to provide some services, for example, social services, NHS hospital...
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...Children’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Functional Health Pattern Assessment (FHP) | Toddler Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Autonomy vs. Shame/ Doubt | Preschool-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Initiative vs. Guilt | School-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Industry vs. Inferiority | Pattern of Health Perception and Health Management: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | A toddler may complain that they feel sick. At this stage, parents or caregivers are responsible for health management. Health promotion can be taught to toddlers by teaching the importance of personal hygiene and nutrition, ie. taking vitamins. | Preschoolers have an accurate perception about their own bodies, but do not understand yet that there are vital processes and organs internally. Preschoolers can localize and verbalize pain. | School-aged children have a good grasp on body systems and what’s occurring during illness. School-aged children are developing cognitively, therefore are beginning to understand concepts related to health promotion, such as importance of eating well and visiting the doctor. | | Toddlers have a higher instance of accidental injuries due to environmental hazards and developing bodies. Nutrition may be affected if caregivers are not knowledgeable about...
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...Theories of Communication The Communication Cycle Michael Argyle was an English Social Psychologist who researched and built on new theories about communication and interpersonal interaction. He came up with a theory about communication called the communication cycle. When Argyle was creating his theory, he wanted to focus the cycle on both verbal and non-verbal communication; he investigated communication and the types of communication i.e. verbal and non-verbal, by carrying out experimental research which helped him develop his ideas on communication and a theory that he was thinking about. The communication cycle theory shows how we can understand explain and foresee how communication is set out between people in one-to-one scenarios. Stages of the Communication cycle: The communication cycle theory shows that there are different stages when communicating with an individual i.e. how we communicate and interact with another person. The first stage of the communication cycle is when the individual has an idea in their mind; the idea that has occurred is turned into a message which is then coded. This is done by choosing words or using sign language etc., so the message can be shown or heard by another person. Once the message is coded and the right words have been chosen, so it the message can make sense, the message is sent, which can be done in many ways. For example, the message can be sent verbally i.e. through speech, either face-to-face or over the phone, the message...
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...Chapter 7 : Moral Issues 7. 1 The Environment 7. 2 Life 7. 3 Rearmament and War 7. 4 Business Ethics 7. 5 Sexuality and the Family 7. 6 Discrimination 7. 7 Freedom of Information 7. 8 Science and Technology Chapter Overview This chapter will discuss the contemporary moral issues. There are eight main sub-headings and examined in turn. Students may not only learn about moral facts, principles and theories, but also some important moral issues so that they will kept in phase with current issues in facing the challenge out there. This chapter also encourages students to ...
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...HOW TO MAKE A SUCCESSFUL NEGOTIATION WITH THE JAPANESE I. OVERVIEW OF JAPAN Japan is an Eastern Asia country, located in the North Pacific Ocean. It is surrounded by the sea, and it is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The word “Japan” is characterized with “sun-origin”, and then the country is also referred to the name “Land of Rising Sun”. Japan has the tenth largest population in the world, and in worldwide, no others possess the population per square root which is as dense as Japan‟s. Due to a large population as well as the highest density of population in the world, Japanese society is known as the most homogeneous one because Japanese people live with too many other people in the same area, then they have to deal with each other in order to maintain the community balance. Eventually, through hundreds and thousands of years of development, the nation becomes the most homogeneous in the world. Japan is also the 3rd strongest economy in the world, only ranked after China and the US. The nation is also famous for its determination and discipline. After World War II, Japan belonged to the Defeated with Germany and Italy, the country was seriously damaged. However, with the support from the world community (mainly from the US), Japanese economy has risen and developed rapidly during the 70s and 80s. In the 90s of 20th century, Japan became the 2nd strongest economy in the world, but the global economic crisis and the rise of China have made the economy fall behind the two giants...
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...PARTNERSHIP FOR COMPREHENSIVE FAMILY HIV CARE AND TREATMENT PROGRAM (S2S) South Africa has the largest HIV burden of any country in the world, with an estimated 5.7 million people living with the virus. Women and children remain at the centre of the pandemic in terms of transmission, vulnerability and potential for impact. To continue to build on the existing successes of South Africa’s antiretroviral (ARV) program, the capacity for HIV disease management must be enhanced. It is essential that HIV disease management transition from an individual case management to a family-centred and chronic-care approach targeting and prioritising pregnant women and children. Enrolling pregnant women and children into HIV care and treatment early and regularly can prevent new HIV infections and reduce morbidity and mortality, effectively sustaining the quality of life of mothers, their children, and their families. The scale up of effective prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and paediatric ARV care and treatment programs are crucial in the fight against HIV but are challenged by many factors including perceived complexity of treating pregnant women and children, inadequate paediatric and PMTCT knowledge and clinical skills, lack of psychosocial and adherence support, delays in integrating PMTCT services with antenatal and child health management systems, and gaps in referral systems. The South to South Partnership for Comprehensive Family HIV Care and Treatment Program (S2S), a collaboration...
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...What Is Deviance? The word deviance connotes odd or unacceptable behavior, but in the sociological sense of the word, deviance is simply any violation of society’s norms. Deviance can range from something minor, such as a traffic violation, to something major, such as murder. Each society defines what is deviant and what is not, and definitions of deviance differ widely between societies. For example, some societies have much more stringent rules regarding gender roles than we have in the United States, and still other societies’ rules governing gender roles are less stringent than ours. Gender and Deviance In the United States, women who cry in public in response to emotional situations are not generally considered deviant—even women who cry frequently and easily. This view of women has remained relatively constant. Over the past fifty years, however, society’s perception of men who cry has changed. A man who cried publicly in the 1950s would have been considered deviant. Today, men who cry in response to extreme emotional situations are acting within society’s norms. Male politicians cry when announcing defeat, male athletes cry after winning a championship, and male actors cry after winning an award. By today’s standards, none of these men is committing a deviant act. Relativism and Deviance Deviance is a relative issue, and standards for deviance change based on a number of factors, including the following: * Location: A person speaking loudly during a church service...
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...Running Head: THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL, AND PROSTATE CANCER What is the Impact of the New Prostate Cancer screening guidelines on Black Men? And The Health Belief Model Calvin Sneed Marymount University August 1st 2014 Introduction Prostate cancer is a highly prevalent disease with an estimate of 30,000 deaths and 233,000 new cases predicted for the United States in 2014 (ACS, 2014). It is the second leading cause of cancer death in American men but is highly survivable if diagnosed correctly. In fact, the American Cancer Society (2014) has stated the relative five and ten year survival rates for the disease are 100 percent and 99 percent respectively. These figures indicate the importance of early detection screenings like the Prostate Specific Antigen test (PSA) and the Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) in regards to surviving the disease. “Since using early detection tests for Prostate Cancer became relatively common in the United States (about 1990), the prostate cancer death rate has dropped” (ACS, 2014). However, there has been a contentious debate in recent years involving many organizations on the adequacy of these early detection measures (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2013). Controversy stems from studies like the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial. The early research from this study indicated there was no evidence of a mortality benefit in having an annual PSA screening done (Andriole, Crawford, Grubb, Buys...
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...The Hunger Games: Action-film feminism is catching fire Lisa Schwarzbaum Burning up Jennifer Lawrence’s Katniss Everdeen is both strong and vulnerable – a new kind of action heroine who has powered The Hunger Games: Catching fire to a $158m US debut. (Lionsgate) Jennifer Lawrence’s Katniss Everdeen is a new type of female action film icon, and moviegoers should be very excited about that, writes Lisa Schwarzbaum. As Catching Fire ignites on movie screens around the world, this is what we know about the 21st Century heroine called Katniss Everdeen: she is strong but also soft. She is brave but she has doubts. She is a phenomenal fictional creation, yet is real enough that moviegoers can draw inspiration from her values, her resourcefulness, and her very human inner conflicts. And she is played by Jennifer Lawrence, who appears not only to be handling her current duties as Hollywood’s finest model of well-adjusted millennial female stardom but doing so with charm. Everdeen and Lawrence: golden girls both. Personified in Lawrence’s lithe movements and cool, focused gaze, Katniss is a brave, resourceful and independent-minded fighter; but she is also a troubled and vulnerably guilt-ridden human being. Nina Jacobson, the producer of the Hunger Games film franchise, puts it this way: “She is a singular heroine in that the burden of survival weighs on her. She has a ton of survivor’s guilt. And she keeps surviving.” Girl on fire It is strange that behaving like a well-adjusted...
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...INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA KULIYYAH OF ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT SCIENCES (KENMS) DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING ACC 4563: ZAKAT ACCOUNTING THE PRIORITY OF DISTRIBUTING THE ZAKAT AMOUNT TO THE EIGHT BENEFICIARIES BASED ON FOUR PHASES (4 FASA) Lecturer’s Name: ASSOC. PROF. DR. SITI NORMALA SHEIKH OBID Prepared By: ABDUL HADI BIN MOHAMAD, 0813783 MUHAMMAD AZFAR BIN KAMAR RUDDIN, 0811067 MOHD. ZAE’EM KHAN BIN MOHAMAD AZLAN, 0621747 Section No: 1 ABSTRACT This paper aims to study the distribution of zakat during the Prophet, companion, khalifah and contemporary time, and examine the priority among eight asnaf in distributing the zakat amount. The study was conducted by analyzing secondary data including books, journal, and article. The study revealed that effective and efficient of zakat administration including method and ways of distribution of zakat become important indicator on the successful Islamic era. Misused of zakat fund had leaded previous khalifah reign stumble. (Keyword: Prophet, khalifah, companion, contemporary time, zakat administration, eight asnaf) TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENT | PAGE | Chapter 1: Introduction | | 1.1 Study of Background | | 1.2 Research Questions | | 1.3 Research Objectives | | Chapter 2: Literature Review | | Chapter 3: Methodology | | Chapter 4: Findings and Discussions | | Chapter 5: Conclusion | | 5.1 Summary and Implications | | 5.2 Limitations | | References |...
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...Coming of the 3rd phase: Archaic period Archaic Greece (750-500) Re-urbanization happens at the beginning of the archaic period 1. Colonization a. Colonists were selected by lot. b. Metropolis (mater polis) i. Political alliance ii. Economic ties c. Ionia (coast of Asia Minor) d. Sicily iii. Both are major centers of colonization (magna graecia) Trade and commerce would produce tremendous wealth. Phoenicians They see themselves as monopolizing. Rivalry between Phoenicians and these new Greeks. 2. Alphabetic Writing Writing will return to the Greek world during this period. When it does it won’t be like Linear A or B. It will be based on an alphabet that the Greeks borrowed and modified the Phoenicians alphabet. Homer- iconic poet of Greek literature. He came from the region of Ionia. Produced famous epics of the Trojan War. Legends of the great Mycenaean heroes. Different traditions focused on different heroes. Responsible for two of the great monuments. The Iliad and the Odyssey. Achilles Agamemnon Odysseus Hector Ajax Paris Helen of Troy Penelope Important element- arête means excellence. Surpassing Excellence. Achievement, accomplishment. Exceed potential. Also mental. Ex. Odysseus is smarter than anyone else. He outwits Gods. Virtue of this society. Also is very competitive. Forever contending against one another. Individualistic quality. Have to be the best. Character trait...
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