...Consumer Behavior |Program |: |MBA |Class of |: |2009 | |Credit |: |3 |Sessions |: |33 | |Course Code |: |SL MM 602 | | | | Objective To understand the various factors influencing behavior of consumers – as individuals and as members of a group/society, and also the impact of consumerism in the contemporary environment. To understand the behavior of consumers – decision making, post-purchase behavior, behavior in a shopping environment, etc. To understand the behavior of organizations as consumers. |REFERENCE BOOKS |AUTHOR / PUBLICATION | |Consumer Behavior |ICMR | |Consumer Behavior, 5e |Leon G Schiffman and Leslie Lazar Kanuk, Prentice-Hall, India | |Consumer Behavior |Hawkins, Best & Coney, McGraw Hill | |Consumer Behavior |Blackwell, Miniard & Engel, Thomson ...
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...There are different theories of motivation that help people to understand a broader perception of what and how to motivate people. Like the Traditional Theory as proposed by Frederick W. Taylor, is based on the assumption that money is the primary motivator. In this theory, financial rewards are directly related to performance in the belief that if the reward is great enough, employees will produce more. The Need Hierarchy Theory, on the other hand, as postulated by Abraham W. Maslow, stated that human needs in the form of hierarchy should be satisfied in order, from the lowest to the highest needs: physiological, security, love and belongingness, love and belongingness, self- esteem, and self- actualization. David McClelland developed the theory of Achievement- Power- Affiliation which is closely related to the need hierarchy theory. This theory holds that all people have three needs, the need: 1.) to achieve, 2.) for power, and 3.) for affiliation. The need for achievement is a desire to do something better or more efficiently than it has done before. The need for power is basically a concern for influencing people- to be strong and influential. The need for affiliation is a need to be liked- to establish or maintain friendly relation with others. The Motivation- Maintenance Theory as proposed by Herzbeg, Mausner, and Synderman, contends that motivation comes from the individual, not from the manager. Proper attention to the hygiene- factors keeps an individual from being highly...
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...internal feelings (intrinsic) that drive a person to exercise. In this regard, this assay evaluates the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the motivation to engage in exercise. As already explained, intrinsic motivation to exercise pertains to engaging in physical activity because of the inherent satisfactions and pleasures the activity provides. Intrinsic factors influences motivation to engage in exercise through arousal. Inherent factors like feeling happy and feeling secure arouse the motivation to engage in an exercise. For example, some people engage in weight lifting because it makes them feel secure. Inherent feeling of wanting to be secure thus can arouse motivation to go weight lifting. Some people are motivated to perform specific exercises because the exercises make them feel happy. For instance, some people get motivated to play games like cards because that makes them happy. This arousal of motivation for exercise may occur often whenever an individual feels the need to feel secure. In such instance, the motivation for exercise will be aroused and the individual engages in the activity. Through causing arousal of motivation for exercise therefore, intrinsic factors influence the direction of physical activity. People would engage in selected activities to which motivation has been aroused. Intrinsic factors also...
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...& Dolgin, 2000). It is during adolescence that an individual needs to make one of the most important decisions, that of choosing a career (O’Hare, 1987, in Rice & Dolgin 2000). During their senior year in high school, students are faced with the dilemma on what they want to do right after graduation: pursue college education, learn a trade by enrolling in technical-vocational program, or work immediately. Whatever career decision the high school seniors eventually make, it is important to determine the career decision making process they undergo. It is also important to know which factors they consider or disregard in their career decisions. At stake in making the right career decision is their physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Thus, it is imperative that they choose the occupation that best fits each of them. Majority of the local researches on career decisions and the factors influencing them focus on adolescents. Similarly, the literature and studies on Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) usually delve on the economic and social repercussions of overseas employment (Asis, 2004; Nicodemus, 1997). There is no available study regarding the career decisions of the adolescent children of OFWs in particular. Although a recent research on the impact of migration on Filipino families revealed the career aspirations of young children (Episcopal Commission for the Pastoral Care of Migrant and Itinerant People of the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines, Alipato 55 ...
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...to the products purchased online. The process of online buying behavior consists of five steps and it is similar to traditional shopping behaviour. For instance, consumer recognize the need for buying some product (book), they refers to the internet to buy online and start to search for the information and look for all the alternatives and finally make a purchase which best fits to their needs. Before making final purchase consumers are attacked by several factors which limits or influence consumers for the final decision. The main theme of the study is to know the factors that influence the consumer’s attitudes and behaviors towards online and traditional shopping. Researchers will also focus on how consumers form such attitudes with the help of models and who are truly the online shoppers. II. Theoretical Framework Convenience Consumer’s Perceptions towards Virtual and Traditional Shopping Time Saving Website Designs/Features Security * Convenience Convenience factor refers that it is easy to browse or search the information through online is easier than the traditional retail shopping. Through...
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...International student motivations on the choice of studying in the UK. Literature Review; Britain has become the top destination for international students ahead of America, Newzeland, Canada, Germany and Australia (Haung R, 2005). For many years UK education has been known the best in the world for delivering quality education. UK is reputed for its higher education and has been benefited in speeding its market penetration worldwide (Binsardi A, 2003). Higher education is a key in development of industrial knowledge societies. Students and employer demands for higher quality education is increasing which has resulted in a rapid growth of transnational student mobility (Binsardi & Ekwulungo, 2008). The aim of this research paper is an attempt to examine the push and pull factors which motivate international students desire to seek UK education and influencing the decision making process in selection of final study destination. It also try to find how social and economic forces influence students in host country to push them study abroad? Demand for higher education is boomin around the world (economist,2010). Cross border mobility of students is a core component of internationalisation of higher education which has significant economic and academic implications (Li & Bray, 2007). International students mobility has been noticibaly increasing and becoming an impotrant part of the global higher education scene (verbik,2007). Over the past two decades considerable number of...
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...FITNESS LEVEL AT IFMR [Document subtitle] Contents PROBLEM STATEMENT 2 Research Objective 2 INTRODUCTION 2 Variable View in SPSS 3 Data View in SPSS 3 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS 4 Gender Statistics 4 BMI Health Statistics 4 Factors Influencing Exercise Participation 7 Factors Influencing Exercise Non- Participation 8 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL 9 CROSS-TABULATIONS WITH CHI-SQUARE ANALYSIS: 10 T-Test Analysis: 14 One-Sample T-Test: 14 Independent Sample T-Test: 16 Paired Sample T-Test: 17 FACTOR ANALYSIS 20 KMO measure of sampling adequacy 21 Bartlett’s test of sphericity 21 LINEAR MULTIPLE REGRESSION 21 Multiple Linear Regression Equation: 25 ONE-WAY ANOVA TEST 26 INTERPRETATION OF ATTITUDE SCALE 29 CONCLUSION 31 PROBLEM STATEMENT In what ways can IFMR improve the fitness level among its population by better analyzing factors influencing exercise participation & exercise non-participation. Research Objective The research attempts to analyze the fitness level of students in the IFMR, as well as ways to improve the fitness level and what exercise they do on regular basis to maintain their physical health. Moreover, a research objective is to collect statistical information of the students and the factors influencing exercise participation & non-participation. The data that was received from the questionnaires and the responses were further analyzed through statistical analysis with the help of SPSS. INTRODUCTION The report details the analysis made...
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...proposes will cover several topics concerning to the design of an effective plan to increase team motivation, satisfaction and performance. How the different attitudes, emotions and, personalities may affect the good performance of group and the tools managers can use to alleviate this situations. Designing and effective Team Before defining a strategy to form and effective team it is important to know fundamentals aspects about team or groups. There are two types of groups formal and informal. This document focused on formal groups. Formal groups are those defined by organizations with the purpose of assigning task to the members of the team for achieving specifics goals. Other important aspect on forming and managing effective teams is the role a leader has for ensuring success of the team. Leaders may improve team performance by influencing and motivating each member of the group. Team performance is strongly related to the level of commitment and motivation members have to achieve shared objectives. Team Motivation According to Huselid (1995), productivity is influenced by employee motivation and organizational structure. Motivated employees are willing to go the extra mile when critical situations arise and collaboration and commitment is required for completing tasks or process that impact the organization stability and structure. Define a motivation...
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...impulsive buying. It also allows us to see just how individualism-collectivism, self-identity, and purchase behavior whether it is planned or impulsive contributes to a culture in different fashions. Impulse buying generates over $4 billion in annual sales volume in the United States. With the growth of e-commerce and television shopping channels, consumers have easy access to impulse purchasing opportunities, but little is known about this sudden, compelling, hedonically complex purchasing behavior in non-Western cultures. Yet cultural factors moderate many aspects of consumer's impulsive buying behavior, including self-identity, normative influences, the suppression of emotion, and the postponement of instant gratification. From a multi-country survey of consumers in Australia, United States, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia, our analyses show that both regional level factors (individualism–collectivism) and individual cultural difference factors (independent –interdependent self-concept) systematically influence impulsive purchasing behavior. 2. Bayas, B. & Mason, C. (2003), An Empirical Study of Innate Consumer Innovativeness, Personal Characteristics, and New-Product Adoption Behavior. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Volume 31, no.1, pp. 61-73 This article would be helpful because it explores the relationships between innate consumer innovativeness, personal...
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...Personal and Environmental Factors Influencing the High School Students’ Behavior during Eucharistic Celebration CLE AREA – High School Department I. Introduction A. The Eucharist and Canossa School Sta. Rosa The Eucharist is one of the most important and vital aspects of faith. As the Catechism of the Catholic Church proclaims it, the Eucharist is the source and summit of Christian life (cf. CCC 1324). Thus, it is just proper that a Catholic school provides regular opportunities for students to develop a loving devotion to the Holy Eucharist especially in the Celebration of the Holy Mass. The celebration of the Holy Eucharist in the campus reflects vividly Canossa School Sta. Rosa’s vision and mission that aims at the education and formation of S.M.A.R.T. Canossian with the Heart. Responding to this call of placing the Eucharist at the center of its students’ life, Canossa, with its aim to make Jesus known and loved, faithfully reminds its students to attend regularly the Sunday Mass and occasionally invites them to celebrate the Holy Eucharist inside the campus during first Fridays and during special feasts and solemnities. B. The Importance of Active Participation during the Eucharistic Celebration The Second Vatican Council states clearly that the “Mother Church earnestly desires that all the faithful should be led to that fully conscious, and active participation in liturgical celebrations which is demanded by the very nature of the liturgy. Such participation...
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...Factors influencing job satisfaction Nowadays, being a professional is byzantine complex journey universally. In most of the profession, the “next gen” is increasingly hunting for a technology-focused globe and constantly transforming. Trede (2012) mention besides being knowledgeable and skillful, the individual must also trait sense of responsibility towards themselves, others and organization. Today for a nurse to hold on and work blissfully in one work place is challenging due to dissatisfaction of their job. Tang and Ghani (2012) argued nowadays, even though there are abundant opportunities available in Malaysia, nursing is no longer popular as it used to be. Chaulagain and Khadka (2012) stated one of the issue raise in quality improvement program is job gratification among nurses as it is a crucial issue being faced by most healthcare organization. The efficiency of healthcare services is affected due to increase rates of nurse’s turnover and absenteeism resulting from low job satisfaction. Understanding the factors that nurses are satisfied and dissatisfied will enable interventional measures be taken to improve the working conditions. Whereas such understanding will not improve the retention rate, it will improve the nurses’ work performance leading to better quality care to the patient (Newman et al, 2002). Judge et al (2002) assert the most widely investigated in the history of healthcare organization psychology, job satisfaction is the most widespread research topic...
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...Over the years management thought has been changed due to the applied research of the Hawthorne effect. Work productivity and social behaviour and interaction have influenced management to further look at ways to improve and sustain the outcome of their workers. However one can see why a person would consider the Hawthorne studies as inefficient and not capable of truly deserving to be recognised as the fundamental change for management and being scientifically correct in the research and study used. The effects of the Hawthorne studies towards management provided managers with a different way to lead and create an understanding of their worker’s behaviour. Giving insight on different ways the productivity of its workers occurred, the future of management was influenced by the methodologies created by the Hawthorne studies. However the studies themselves cannot be truly deserving of its scientific findings, it has contributed very much to the change of management. The Hawthorne effect provides management with a better understanding of the work behaviour and attitudes of physical, economic and social variables (Pennock, G.A 1930). During the years 1927 to 1932 of the industrial revolution the series of investigations for work behaviour were conducted with the use of five selected women at Western electric factory, Hawthorne, Chicago. The research found that over time productivity continued to rise due to the experiments socialisation of workers (Obrenovic, Z 2014). Even if...
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...comparison and contrast of organisational structures and cultures of Newton, Chambers and Co and Hi-Gen Power Limited 3 Task 1.2: The relationship between structure and culture that can impact on business performance of Newton, Chambers and Co 4 Task 1.3: The factors of influencing individual behaviour in Newton, Chambers and Co 5 Task 2 6 Task 2.1: The comparison of effective leadership styles within Newton, Chambers and Co and Hi-Gen Power Limited 6 Task 2.2: The way of management functions, managerial roles and management authorities will under plain the practice of management in this company 7 Task 2.3: The evaluation of different approaches of management used by Newton, Chambers and Co and Hi-Gen Power Limited 7 Task 3 9 Task 3.1: The impacts of having different leadership styles on organisational motivation in the periods of change in Newton, Chambers and Co 9 Task 3.2: The comparison of the application of two different motivational theories within my work place 9 Task 3.3: The usefulness of these motivational theories for managers in Newton, Chambers and Co 10 Task 4 11 Task 4.1: The nature of groups and group behaviour within Newton, Chambers and Co and Hi-Gen Power Limited 11 Task 4.2: The factors for promoting the development of an effective team work within Newton, Chambers and Co and Hi-Gen Power Limited 11 Task 4.3: The impact of technology on team functioning in Newton, Chambers and Co 12 Conclusion 12 References 13 Introduction This study...
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...The purpose of this article is to provide further insight into the relationship between supervisor support and transfer of training, by taking into account the effects of other transfer-influencing factors in a systemic approach of the transfer process. A review of studies on factors affecting transfer of training was conducted, with a specific focus on the effects of supervisor support, resulting in the development of a research model of the transfer process. All components of the model were measured by means of questionnaires for former trainees and their supervisors, and stepwise regression analyses were carried out to examine the relationships in the model. Results indicate indirect relationships between supervisor support and transfer of training, by means of both trainees' motivation to transfer and the transfer climate. The indirect effect of supervisor support on transfer of training is only slight, however. Learning results are shown to be the strongest predictor of transfer of training. Owing to the small sample size structural equation modelling techniques could not be used, thus limiting the possibility to test the model as a single entity. The use of perceptional measures implies the risk of response tendencies from trainees and supervisors. Further research using different measures and different timing of measurement during the training and transfer process is recommended. Results of this study indicate that supervisor support that is intended to enhance transfer...
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...Introduction The two conflicting points of view in relation to the motivation and productivity of employees are very essential in selecting the most appropriate view about performance and effectiveness of business operations. Most business organizations struggle a lot in motivation and reward of employees towards improvement in the performance of the organization. Some organizations put emphasis and focus on the happiness and satisfaction of employees at the job in order to boost their morale as well as improving the performance of the business operations and activities. Such organizations focus on the morale and the happiness of the employees as the main determinant of the operations and performance at the job or tasks of the organization. On the other hand, some organizations focus on money as the main motivator towards the performance and operations within an organization. They consider the remuneration and salaries as the main matter of consideration that influence profitability and efficiency of operations of the business in an organization. The point of view relating to money as the main motivator, focus on money as the main source of energy and motivation towards improving the energy and performance of the employees at the operations of the organization (http://reaser.eu/RePec/rse/wpaper/R5_5_DobreOvidiuIliuta_p53_60.pdf). The conflicting views on the performance and motivation of employees are a very important matter of consideration because the employees...
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