...IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 54, NO. 12, DECEMBER 2006 3755 A New Compact Microstrip-Fed Dual-Band Coplanar Antenna for WLAN Applications Rohith K. Raj, Manoj Joseph, C. K. Aanandan, K. Vasudevan, Senior Member, IEEE, and P. Mohanan, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—A novel compact microstrip fed dual-band coplanar antenna for wireless local area network is presented. The antenna comprises of a rectangular center strip and two lateral strips miprinted on a dielectric substrate and excited using a 50 crostrip transmission line. The antenna generates two separate resonant modes to cover 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands. Lower resonant mode of the antenna has an impedance bandwidth (2:1 VSWR) of 330 MHz (2190–2520 MHz), which easily covers the required bandwidth of the 2.4 GHz WLAN, and the upper resonant mode has a bandwidth of 1.23 GHz (4849–6070 MHz), covering 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands. The proposed antenna occupy an area of 217 mm2 when printed on FR4 substrate . A rigorous experimental study has been conducted to confirm the characteristics of the antenna. Design equations for the proposed antenna are also developed. ( = 4 7) Index Terms—Coplanar waveguide, dual-band antennas, printed antennas, wireless local area networks (WLANs). I. INTRODUCTION IRELESS LOCAL area networks (WLAN) are being widely recognized as a viable, cost effective and high speed data connectivity solution, enabling user mobility. The rapid developments in WLAN technologies...
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...know whether these foods are safe or dangerous for our health. We should try to know something about these types of foods. Nearly a million children die every year because they are weakened by vitamin A deficiencies, and an additional 350,000 go blind. Golden rice, will be a godsend for the half of humanity that depends on rice for its major staple. Merely eating this rice could prevent blindness and death.This case can be illustrated in India where million of children suffering from poverty have been saved with the introduction of golden rice in India. However,GM food is dangerous and detrimental to our health. Monsanto, the main instigator of the corporate GM food movement would have you believe otherwise. They only want us to believe that GM food is the answer to feed the burgeoning world population. But these facts revealed to be false. Here are just a few startling facts about the dangers of GM food.For instance,when animals were fed GM corn and soy for 30-90 days they suffered liver and kidney disruption. Furthermore, Rodents fed GM soy became sterile. Within two generations their rate of infant mortality grew up to 500%. By the third generation they were completely sterile. For many years in an Indian village buffalo grazed on harvested cotton plants without incident. Then GM cotton seeds were planted. Within days of grazing on GM cotton all 13 Buffalo were dead.After a deep deduction, this shows that GM food can be a curse to humanity and not a blessing of God. ...
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... PROCESSED SOLID WASTE COMBUSTION a. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - PROCESSES b. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - PREPARATION c. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - CLASSIFICATION d. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - CHARACTERSTICS e. REFUSED DERIVED FUEL - HIGHLIGHTS 3. WTEE – SOCIO ECONOMIC PROJECT 4. DEVELOPMENT & FUTURE OF WTEE 5. CONCLUSION 6.BIBLIOGRAPHY What happened on May, 2004 in Mumbai? Due to failure of local grid. The business capital of India jammed for hours. Being largest railway network city, even the locals also stick to tracks. This incident shows the human connection with electricity. Electrical energy is an essential ingredient for all activities, as well as the lifeblood of economies throughout the world. It plays a vital role for economic growth and quality life improvements: with the increase in population of the world. The demand for power has gradually increased. Hence the burden on the countries, especially developing countries like India have increased to meet the demands in the present day. Most of the demands are met by conventional sources such as fossil fuels, hydal, nuclear power etc. The use of these sources have not only resulted in their depletion. But also increased the population. Hence there is a great need for improving technology in the use of non-conventional sources of energy which could greatly decrease the environmental needs and which would assure the future needs particles to rural people at affordable...
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...of corn and soybean exports are accounted for by only three countries: Argentina, Brazil and the USA. Five countries (India, Pakistan, Thailand, USA and Vietnam) account for over 80% of global rice exports.” King Corn follows two best friends from college, Ian Cheney and Curt Ellis, who go to the heartland to figure out what their food is composed of after finding out in a laboratory study that their DNA was mostly made up of corn. They were curious how corn ended up on their hair. After they plant and grow an acre of America's most produced and most subsidized on Iowa soil, they try to find out where the corn goes in the food system and how it is distributed all over America. What they discover shocks them. There are many reasons why there is an overproduction of corn in the United States, including advancements in technology, government subsidies, the cheap price of corn and corn syrup as opposed to grass and sugar. Overproduction of corn leads to overconsumption of the crop, because since corn is so cheap to grow, many try to figure out new ways on how to turn these surpluses into inexpensive, new products. Corn’s commodity is corn sweetener such as high-fructose corn syrup, as well as corn feed for beef, pork, and chicken. Nowadays, people are even trying to feed corn to salmon. It is also beneficial for the farmers growing cattle to grow corn as feed for the cattle right on their farm land. It is cheap, there can be a lot of it and it is easier...
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...National Agricultural Scenario | | India’s economic security continues to be predicated upon the agriculture sector, and the situation is not likely to change in the foreseeable future. Even now, agriculture supports 58% of the population, as against about 75% at the time of independence. In the same period, the contribution of agriculture and allied sector to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has fallen from 61 to 19%. As of today, India supports 16.8% of world’s population on 4.2% of world�s water resources and 2.3% of global land. And per caput availability of resources is about 4 to 6 times less as compared to world average. This will decrease further due to increasing demographic pressure and consequent diversion of the land for non-agricultural uses. Around 51% of India’s geographical area is already under cultivation as compared to 11% of the world average. The present cropping intensity of 136% has registered an increase of only 25% since independence. Further, rain fed dry lands constitute 65% of the total net sown area. There is also an unprecedented degradation of land (107 million ha) and groundwater resource, and also fall in the rate of growth of total factor productivity. This deceleration needs to be arrested and agricultural productivity has to be doubled to meet growing demands of the population by 2050. Efficiency-mediated improvement in productivity is the most viable option to raise production. The country recorded impressive achievements in agriculture...
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...BACKGROUND TO THE CROP It is the one of most important food grain crops in India and occupies approximately 230 million ha all over the world. India is the second largest producer of wheat, with 25million ha area under cultivation resulting in wheat production of 70 million tonnes. About one tenth of the globe’s production is from India. Wheat is grown during winter in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. While in the northern states it is grown as an irrigated crop, it is grown largely under rain-fed conditions and with little or no irrigation support in many parts of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. In Maharashtra, wheat is grown in 7 lakh ha with average productivity of 13.2 q/ha against the national average of about 26.5 q/ha. Out of the four species, Triticum aestivum occupies almost 90% of the total wheat area. Soil Requirement Well-drained loams and clay loams are ideal for wheat cultivation. However, a good crop can be raised in sandy loams and black soils also. Soil pH below 6.5 and above 7.8 is not suitable. Season and Duration Being a low temperature crop, wheat is grown in winter, from the end of October to February under rain-fed conditions, and from the middle of November to March/April under irrigated conditions. Total duration of the crop ranges from 110 to 120 days under irrigated conditions, and 100–110 days under rain-fed conditions. Cropping Pattern Wheat is generally grown in the winter season...
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...for fish and fish protein, which has resulted in widespread overfishing in wild fisheries, China holding 62 percent of the world's fish farming practice.[3] Fish farming offers fish marketers another source. However, farming carnivorous fish, such as salmon, does not always reduce pressure on wild fisheries, since carnivorous farmed fish are usually fed fishmeal and fish oil extracted from wild forage fish. The global returns for fish farming recorded by the FAO in 2008 totalled 33.8 million tonnes worth about $US 60 billion.[4] In 2005, aquaculture represented 40% of the 157.5 million tons of seafood that was produced, meaning that it has become a critical part of our world's food source even though the industry is still technically in its 'infancy' and didn't really become well known until the 1970s. Because of this rise in aquaculture, there has been a rise in the per capita availability of seafood globally within the last few decades.[5] Major categories of fish aquaculture There are two kinds of aquaculture: extensive aquaculture based on local photosynthetical production and intensive aquaculture, in which the fish are fed with external food supply. Extensive aquaculture Aqua-Boy, a Norwegian live fish carrier used to service the Marine Harvest fish farms on the West coast of Scotland Limiting for growth here is the available food supply by...
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...Introduction The bata, Labeo bata (Hamilton, 1822) is one of the endangered minor carp species of Bangladesh. L. bata is distributed throughout Indian subcontinent including Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Myanmar and also Pakistan (Talwar and Jhingran, 1991; Devi and Ali, 2013). This fish is commercially important and target species for commercial small and large scale fishers in Bangladesh. It is also used by both culture and capture fisheries nowadays. L. bata is highly popular in the market because of its high nutritional value, good taste and qualities (Bhuiyan, 1964). This fish contains about 15.42% of protein and 3.73% of lipid (Ahmed et al., 2012). L. bata is a freshwater fish in Bangladesh. This species is a non-migratory fish and remains...
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...on the Body Composition, Growth Performance and Feed Utilization Efficiencies in Stinging Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1792) Md. Jobaer Alam 1, Md. Ghulam Mustafa 1, Md. Abdul Khaleque 2. 1 2 Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Institute of Food Science and Technology, BCSIR, Dr. Kudrat-E-Khuda road, Dhaka-1205 Abstract: To evaluate the effects of Vitamin C of formulated feed on growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and body composition of shing fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1792) an experiment was conducted for sixty days in nine plastic tanks. During the rearing and feeding trial in the laboratory condition, the change in growth and feed utilization by the shing fish fed on three different Vitamin C level have been assessed by the determination of condition factor (K), survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR%), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency and average daily gain (ADG) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). All the water quality parameters specifically- Temperature (0C), Dissolved oxygen (DO), Carbon dioxide (CO2) and pH in the plastic tanks were highly monitored and maintained. The highest FCR was found in the control while the lowest was measured in treatment 2. The values of PER for treatment 2 was higher than control and treatment 1. The condition factor was highest in treatment 2 but not significantly mentionable with others. The feed efficiency is higher in control and declined gradually...
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...Nature has endowed India with huge water resources. We have perennial rivers like Ganga, Brahmaputra, Yamuna, Beas and others along with their tributaries and distributaries besides in North and Eastern India, we have spring fed and rain fed rivers in central and peninsular India-the major among these being- Godavari, Krishna, Narmada, Tapti and Kaveri. These huge potential water resources notwithstanding, we are facing a water crisis across the country. Over the years, rising population, growing industrialisation and expanding agriculture have pushed up the demand for water. Monsoon is still the main hope of our agriculture. Water conservation has become the need of the day. Rainwater harvesting is a way to capture the rainwater at the time of downpour, store that water above the ground or charge the underground water and use it later. This happens in open areas as well as in congested cities through the installation of required equipment. The collection and storage of rainwater from run-off areas such as roofs and other surfaces has been practised since ancient times in India. It is particularly useful where water supply is inadequate. If the collection and storage equipment is designed carefully it is possible for a family of four persons to live for a year in areas where annual rainfall is as little as 100 mm. Observations in some other countries like Zimbabwe, Botswana and Israel have shown that up to 85 per cent of all measurable rain can be collected and stored from...
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...Fortunately, cows are more respected and are allowed to experience the outdoors. However, they get fed wheat, something that they are not evolutionarily supposed to eat. This has been the reason for the e coli outbreaks in meat over the years. E Coli outbreaks have been the main reason on how the public gets glimpses into factory farming. The food industry tries to hide factory farming from the public because they know that the public will react in a negative way. People who have been exposed to factory farming by either working on the farms or being apart of the e coli outbreaks are trying to “bring national attention to the issue of animal rights and to what activists saw as the mistreatment of animals” (Rich and Wagner). Some activists just want the conditions of the animals to get better before they are slaughtered, but others believe that...
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...Genetically Modified Crops- A Sociological Study Group project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Course Introduction to Sociology and Social Anthropology Course Code DC01 BA Social Sciences Submitted by Aashna Singh (100115) Priyanshu Barodia (100301) Abhishek Kumar (100564) Rupam (100568) Aila Bandagi (100277) Sashwatha Sridhar (100288) Kiran Johnson (100019) Souparna .V (100090) Minakshi Patel (100362) Vibhor Choudhary (100485) Tata Institute of Social Sciences Hyderabad 2012-13 CONTENTS * Introduction ……4 * GM Crops-What, How and Why? ……5 * Technology Used ……7 a. BT Technology b. Recombinant DNA technology c. Terminator Gene Technology * Health Impacts- ……9 a. Deaths and Near Deaths b. Viral and Bacterial Illness c. Cancer and Degenerative Diseases d. Antibiotic Threats...
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...Livestock Domestic sheep and a cow (heifer) pastured together in South Africa Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber and labor. This article does not discuss poultry or farmed fish, although these, especially poultry, are commonly included within the meaning of "livestock". Livestock are generally raised for profit. Raising animals (animal husbandry) is a component of modern agriculture. It has been practiced in many cultures since the transition to farming from hunter-gather lifestyles. History Animal-rearing has its origins in the transition of cultures to settled farming communities rather than hunter-gatherer lifestyles. Animals are ‘domesticated’ when their breeding and living conditions are controlled by humans. Over time, the collective behaviour, life cycle, and physiology of livestock have changed radically. Many modern farm animals are unsuited to life in the wild. Dogs were domesticated in East Asia about 15,000 years ago, Goats and sheep were domesticated around 8000 BC in Asia. Swine or pigs were domesticated by 7000 BC in the Middle East and China. The earliest evidence of horse domestication dates to around 4000 BC[1] Older English sources, such as the King James Version of the Bible, refer to livestock in general as "cattle", as opposed to the word "deer", which then was used for wild animals which were not owned. The word cattle is derived from Old North French catel, which meant...
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...Compile business profile and address of 10 top international and 10 top national companies /institutions dealing with MEAT also explain trade issues related MEAT Compile business profile and address of 10 top international and 10 top national companies /institutions dealing with MEAT also explain trade issues related MEAT About 35 million cattle are slaughtered in the U.S. annually by 60 major beef-packing operations processing around 26 billion pounds of beef. Four firms control over 80 percent of all the beef slaughtered. Profiles of these 4 big firms are as- 1. Tyson Foods Springdale, Ark. Daily slaughter capacity: 28,700 U.S. Market share 25 percent Beef sales $12.7 billion Company overview Tyson bought the world’s largest supplier of premium beef and pork products, IBP Inc., in 2001. It’s the second-largest pork and chicken packer in the U.S. and sells its products in 90 countries. 2. Cargill Meat Solutions Corp. Wichita, Kan. Daily slaughter capacity: 29,000 U.S. Market share 21 percent Beef sales Cargill Meat Solutions would not release this data. Its parent company, Cargill Inc., reported $88.3 billion in sales in 2009. Company overview Cargill Meat Solutions is one of 75 businesses under Cargill Inc., the largest privately held corporation in the United States. Cargill runs the biggest flour-milling company in the world, is a leading corn syrup and soyabean processor, and has cocoa and chocolate operations on four continents. It employs...
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...They are also found in suitable habitat in Nepal, India and Tibet. The Ailurus fulgens fulgens subspecies is found in Nepal, northeastern India, Bhutan and part of China, while the Ailurus fulgens styani subspecies is found in China and northern Myanmar. Red pandas live in high-altitude temperate forests with bamboo understories in the Himalayas and high mountains. Communication Red pandas are generally quiet, but subtle vocalizations—such as squeals, twitters and huff-quacks—can be heard at close proximity. They may also hiss or grunt, and young cubs use a whistle, or high-pitched bleat, to signal distress. Red pandas will climb trees and rocks to escape predators, such as leopards and jackals. Food/Eating Habits Bamboo constitutes 85 to 95 percent of the red panda's diet. Unlike giant pandas that feed on nearly every above-ground portion of bamboo (including the culm, or woody stem), red pandas feed selectively on the most nutritious leaf tips and, when available, tender shoots. Like giant pandas, red pandas grasp plant stems using their forepaws and shear selected leaves off with their mouths. Because red pandas are obligate bamboo eaters, they are on a tight energy budget for much of the year. They may also forage for roots, succulent grasses, fruits, insects and grubs, and are known to occasionally kill and eat birds and small mammals. At the Smithsonian's National Zoo, red pandas eat bamboo throughout the day. They are also fed leaf-eater biscuits and fruits, such as grapes...
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