...Fire Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. Fire in its most common form can result in conflagration, which has the potential to cause physical damage through burning. Fire is an important process that affects ecological systems across the globe. The positive effects of fire include stimulating growth and maintaining various ecological systems. Fire has been used by humans for cooking, generating heat, signaling, and propulsion purposes. The negative effects of fire include water contamination, soil erosion, atmospheric pollution and hazard to human and animal life. PHASES OF A FIRE First Phase – Incipient Oxygen content 20% - 21% with ceiling temperatures of approximately 37˚ C°. At this stage the produces of combustion are water vapour, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxiode, and hot gases rising. Smoldering fires my last for a few seconds to several hours before breaking into flames. A large volume of smoke will be present until flaming starts and then progress is rapid. Second Phase – free burning, flame producing or steady state At this stage the oxygen content is 15% - 19% and the ceiling temperatures are above 537°C and the products of combustion are water vapour, carbon dixiode, carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide. There large quantities of dark grey smoke and rapid destruction of combustible materials. It is at this point that flash over occurs. Flash...
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...extinguish fires on board an ocean-going commercial vessel.This unit incorporates the content of the previous two units TDMMF901A Fight and extinguish fires and TDMMF1201A Minimise the risk of fire and maintain a state of readiness to respond to emergency situations involving fire as the content applied to ocean-going vessels. It aligns with the AMSA approved course: SC002 ? Fire Prevention and Firefighting. | Unit Sector | Operational Quality and Safety | Pre-Requisites | The unit may be assessed in conjunction with other units that relate to the functions of the occupation(s) concerned. | Performance Criteria | 1 Carry out fire minimisation procedures 1.1 Fire hazards on board vessel are identified and action is taken to eliminate or minimise them 1.2 Responsibilities for checking fire prevention equipment and systems are fulfilled and appropriate action is taken to ensure that they are operational 1.3 An awareness and understanding of the causes of fire and its minimisation is maintained through participation in fire drills and related instructional programs 1.4 A state of readiness to respond to fire emergencies is maintained at all times 1.5Where applicable, correct techniques are applied for the setting up of foam making equipment to extinguish B Class fires on board a vessel2 Respond to emergency situations involving fire 2.1 Emergency situations involving fire are correctly identified in accordance with established nautical practice 2.2 Type of fire is identified...
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...» Other Topics Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting on Board a Ship In: Other Topics Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting on Board a Ship INTRODUCTION Every year more and more ships are lost through fire and collision. Shipboard fire alone, however, results in more total losses of ships than any other form of casualty. The most common causes of shipboard fire are: maintenance, burning and welding are responsible for nearly 40 percent of all outbreaks. Smoking leads to countless fires that break out when no one expects. Lack of attention, spontaneous combustion and electrical faults are the major causes. The engine room is at special risk from flashbacks in oilfired boilers, leaky pipings carrying oil, overheated bearings and even the accumulation of rubbish (oil rags, dirty oil, tins of oil, etc.). According to Mikhail Grigorevich Stavitskii 1983, if most shipboard fires can be prevented, then who is responsible for preventing them? The answer is that fire prevention is the shared duty of each and every member of the crew. No fire prevention effort or program can be successful unless it involves everyone aboard ship. We have noted that every crewmember is responsible for the fire aboard ship. Similarly, every crewmember has a role in the ship's fire prevention program. Because attitude is so much a part of the fire prevention, it is also the most important part of the fire prevention program. So as with the Fire Figthing, if there is a fire aboard ship, everyone aboard...
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...lost through fire and collision. Shipboard fire alone, however, results in more total losses of ships than any other form of casualty. The most common causes of shipboard fire are: maintenance, burning and welding are responsible for nearly 40 percent of all outbreaks. Smoking leads to countless fires that break out when no one expects. Lack of attention, spontaneous combustion and electrical faults are the major causes. The engine room is at special risk from flashbacks in oilfired boilers, leaky pipings carrying oil, overheated bearings and even the accumulation of rubbish (oil rags, dirty oil, tins of oil, etc.). According to Mikhail Grigorevich Stavitskii 1983, if most shipboard fires can be prevented, then who is responsible for preventing them? The answer is that fire prevention is the shared duty of each and every member of the crew. No fire prevention effort or program can be successful unless it involves everyone aboard ship. We have noted that every crewmember is responsible for the fire aboard ship. Similarly, every crewmember has a role in the ship's fire prevention program. Because attitude is so much a part of the fire prevention, it is also the most important part of the fire prevention program. So as with the Fire Figthing, if there is a fire aboard ship, everyone aboard ship must form the emergency response team. According to Lobo Gruppe, Oslo 1987, the emergency response team are consist of the following elements: Platform Manager, Chief Fire Officer, Team...
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...INTRODUCTION Fire is defined as a chemical change accompanied by the emission of heat and light and after flame, usually a change consisting in the combination of carbon compounds with oxygen of the air. Since fire was invented during the ancient times it brought many changes in mans way of life. Today with the modern technology, we are experiencing the comfort brought about with the innovations done since fire was discovered. Fire has many uses to man but if left unattended it has always been a serious hazard with devastating result. Fire accidents don't just happen there will always be a cause and some general causes behind every fire outbreak are carelessness, negligence or even ignorance on the part of the people. Fire destroys life and property earned with persistent effort and sacrifice. Due to carelessness and negligence it causes loss of life, injuries and heavy damage and the loss caused by fire cannot be restored. According to the records of the Bureau of Fire Protection the destruction caused by fire is reaching an alarming proportion that is definitely affecting the economy and the progress of the nation. In the last 5 years, the BFP has estimated the damage to as high as P24.27 billion or an average loss of more than P19.29 million daily. The month of March is declared as Fire Prevention Month, with pursuant to Presidential Decree 115-A. With this mandate it gives wide information dissemination on fire prevention and suppression, national consciousness and involvement...
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...Quezon City PERFORMANCE OF THE BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION (BFP): CONTRIBUTIONS TO FIRE MANAGEMENT A proposal submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for PA 199.2 By: Nheo Cervantes Geofel Soriano Adviser: Vicente Mariano September 27, 2011 I. Introduction Fires are one of the few calamities of which we can prevent. Besides the efforts of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), and the passing of the Revised Fire Code or RA 9514 in 2008, fires are still one of the leading man-made disasters in the Philippines. In 2011, there had already been several fires like the incident last February 7 which left 3000 families homeless. Other than that, most establishments, most notably in Baguio, are fire safety violators (Dar, 2011). These incidents bring into question the effectiveness of the actions and programs of the BFP in terms of their response to fire emergencies. Because of this, the group decided to make a study that would assess the effectiveness of the BFP's response methods, campaigns and projects, and would try to come up with proposals that would increase the effectiveness of fire management in the country. II. The Problem The research problem of the group would focus on the Bureau of Fire Protection’s response to fire incidences in a specific area. Ideally, the BFP should be able to effectively respond to fire emergencies within five (5) minutes which would lead to faster suppression of fire incidences. But in actuality, the BFP is...
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...DQ2-2 School aged Children are increasingly exposed to many hazards that cause accident and injury. The most common causes of injuries in this age group are car crashes, bicycle crashes, and fires. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) expands this list to include the following. 1.Motor vehicle (CDC 2012) 2.Suffocation (CDC 2012) 3.Drowning (CDC 2012) 4.Poisoning (CDC 2012) 5.Fire/Burns (CDC 2012) 6.Falls (CDC 2012) 7.Sports and recreation risks. (CDC 2012) Injuries are the leading cause of death and disability for children in the United States (CDC). Injuries are not always preventable regardless of their nature. A common sense approach can lead to a reduction in injuries. Driving safely including the proper use of seatbelts or car seats, removal of plastic bags from young children, teaching swimming and supervision when in water, removal of house hold toxins, fire safety, and use of bicycle helmets are taught in school to kids (HHS). The CDC calls for efforts to reduce injuries by focusing on what term the 3 P’s; education, enforcement, and engineering. Education is used by the schools to teach children basic safety. New parents are often taught the proper way to use child restraint seats in the car. Locally, in my area the state police have no fault safety checks in which your car seat and the use of it can be examined for proper fit. These clinics are conducted in a big box retailer’s parking lot so that all a parent needs to do is drive up. If fault...
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...The word fire is defined by webster as the phenomenon of combustion manifested in light, flame, and heat. What this definiton does not tell you is how dangerous a fire can be if you are not aware of its capability to spread and grow rapidly. Fires can be very dangerous and harmful. It is important to education each other as much as possibe to help prevent injries or deadly accidents. There are four stages that happen in every fire. Those stages are Incipient, Growth, Fully Developed, and Decay. Each stage plays a role in every fire. Understanding each stage, and how to handle or prevent it is critical in becoming in control of a fire. Flameovers and backdrafts are not consider stages, but also are definitely factors of a fire. These factors sometimes can be prevented. Some methods of prevention are taugh at fire academies, or fire schools, to new firefighters, and are constistly being developed. Incipient, also know as the "ignition" stage, is the first stage of a fire. In this stage smoke may began before the fire actually flames up. This is the stage where heat, oxygen, and a fuel source combine to ignite the fire. At this stage it can be controlled by a household fire extinguinsher. Growth is the second stage of a fire. With the initial flame used as a heat sourse, more flames flare up. Flaring up makes the size of the fire increase and the plume reaches the ceiling. In a room hot gases meet at the celing of the roomwhich cause all fuels in that room...
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...trained in firefighting, primarily to extinguish hazardous fires that threaten property and civilian or natural populations and to rescue people from dangerous situations, like collapsed or burning buildings. Luckily or unluckily, my cousin work as a firefighter. Since he became a firefighter, I never saw him at home having the dinner with us in Chinese New Year. He has to stand guard, and wait for the order if there something happen. We all know that the job as a firefighter is really dangerous. There is an explosion in my city as a result of the oil spilling. All of the firefighters including my cousin in my city went to the first rescue line to save lives and buildings. Everyone is in danger. Unfortunately, someone died in that accident. So that comes to problem: Should firefighters contribute their lives to save other’s lives or properties? My answer is no. It might because that I have someone who has the relationship with me in blood. So that I feel his life is important for me. I want him to protect his own life instead of saving others. How fire happens? It is clear that there are some place that can easily catch fire. Like some places near the forest or rainless. We know that if there is only a little fire in a tree, it will spread quickly. We learned some examples from Egan’s article. He argued that firefighters don’t have to die for people’s property and homeowners cannot blame firefighters. He shows the fire happens in Arizona where is really beautiful “ …...
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...and running for their lives, you just witnessed a wildfire. Wildfires happen everywhere. They can start by natural cause or even human cause. A wildfire is defined as an uncontrolled fire, usually in places of high vegetation, such as forest, and in places with lots of wind. Wildfires are ‘quasi-natural’ hazards, meaning that they are not entirely natural features. They can also be caused by human error as well. The four major causes of wildfire ignitions are lightning, volcanic eruptions, sparks from rockfalls, and spontaneous combustion: the ignition of organic matter without apparent cause, typically through heat generated...
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...Introduction Management of Fire Safety Procedures is an integral part of Safety management on ship. Fire Safety management procedure is the action on Fire Safety plan which are the collection of procedures and recorded information about the safety of various fire installations and the relevant procedures of fire safety. Fire safety management plan ensures acceptable standards relating to fire safety and the adherence and the standard maintenance. The safety plans provide, manage and maintain a safe and healthy working environment for all those onboard and it also promote awareness and protection against hazards at workplace. The International Maritime Organisation (2009), ship safety is a subject that is currently receiving high attention by most countries; this was due to a number of serious vessel casualties that have occurred in recent years. (Howarth 1999), Fire Safety Management is “the application of policy, standards, tools, information and practices to the task of analysing, evaluating and controlling fire safety”. The introduction of a fire safety management model is useful for the analysis and measurement of the existing fire risks and possible recommendations for management to adopt 2.0 Fire Hazards onboard the Ship The causes of fire in a ship can be predictable; on few occasions it could be accidents that may not be preventable. Various work items and appliances can trigger fire on board. John G. Antherson (2000) states that the causes of fire on a ship aren't a lot...
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...cause and prevention of burnout The human service field can be stressful for the professionals and wreck havoc to the organization. Burnout affects the employees as well as the organization; an organization suffers from burnout by having high turnover rates, accidents, and so on. This paper will define burnout and describe some of the individual, cultural, organizational, and social support factors that cause burnout. The paper provides an explanation of various individual, job role, and organizational methods to prevent burnout. In this paper I have shared the ways I react and respond to personal and work related stress as well as my reaction to combat the effects of burnout. Lastly this paper discussed how human service managers assist with staff burnout. Define Burnout According to help guide (2012,” Burnout is a state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress. It occurs when you feel overwhelmed and unable to meet constant demands”. As the stress continues it causes you to lose interest or motivation I your work role. Individual, Cultural, Organizational, Supervisory, & Social Support Causes of Burnout Human service professionals may become overwhelmed and stressed especially when dealing with large case loads, overtime, and balancing work and home duties. Some of the personal lifestyle stressors include insufficient sleep, little or no time off, lack of social supports, and so on. Cultural factors contributing...
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...Loss Prevention Policies Unit 5 IP Jessica Payne Loss Prevention Policies Each year companies stand to lose at least five percent of revenues to internal fraud. This may seem like a small percentage but it adds up. That five percent can be the difference between staying afloat or filing bankruptcy. When a company spends time and money to prevent fraud it is far less than running the risk of internal fraud. The most effective way to prevent fraud is to establish a proactive fraud prevention program. It is best if a company seeks the advice from a qualified fraud expert. A successful fraud prevention program requires three elements: education, investigation, and proactive preventative techniques. Most internal frauds are brought to attention from employees, customers, or vendor tips. Employees are the most likely source to provide tips of misconducts. So implementing a company-wide education program is a crucial part of a fraud prevention program (Coenen, 2011). Fraud education should focus on fraud awareness and should be presented to all employees. Investigating fraud is important to a comprehensive fraud prevention program. Although investigations are time consuming and costly the benefits are worth it. Investigations can have deterrent effects on potential thieves. Investigations send a company-wide message that management is aware and looking for fraud. Proactive fraud prevention techniques are the biggest asset in the company’s fraud prevention plan. Proactive...
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...Primary Prevention University of Phoenix Axia September 19, 2010 Applying the strategy of primary prevention would be ideal with the issue of child welfare. However, there is no way of educating and predicting the problems that will arise from abuse and neglect in every household. To some extent there is a potential way of identifying those who are at a higher risk of becoming abusers, but when it’s never been reported in their cases, that could also pose a problem. To the best of the knowledge and abilities those in the human services organizations are equipped with, this can be an effective way to resolve or prevent these unfortunate situations from happening in the first place. Some policies or regulations that could be enforced to alleviate some of the tension brought about with child abuse and neglect, is to engage the parents in as much education as possible when they are expecting, or already have children. Some individuals, who are in stressful situations like poverty or chemical dependency, should be a top priority to serve with the resources and tools to assist them with any struggles. Those that are higher at risk of becoming abusers should take top priority with being given the opportunity to take mandated parenting classes. As this may be a difficult process to follow through with, the idea of being reprimanded with fines and community service may be just enough to lead those with these issues in the right direction. Creating government programs for those...
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...Running head: NURSING, AN INTEGRAL PART OF HEALTH PROMOTION Nursing, an Integral Part of Health Promotion Grand Canyon University: NRS 429V September 18, 2011 Nursing, an Integral Part of Health Promotion Introduction Everyone in this global society has rights. All humans are born free regardless of race, color or creed. Everyone is entitled to these freedoms. In the pursuit of these freedoms, health is encompassed under these dignities. Everyone on this planet has the right to be healthy. This paper will examine the nurses’ role in helping people attain these rights. What and Why of Health Promotion? According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is defined as “a state of complete physical, social and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 1998, p. 1). Health promotion is the process of empowering people to expand control over, and to improve their health. Health promotion is an encompassing process- it is social, it is political, it is economical, it is ever-changing. It not only embodies measures focused on strengthening the skills and capabilities of individuals to attain their inalienable right to attain optimal health, but it is also directed towards changing global perspective as well. Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over the factors of health, thereby improving their health (WHO, p. 1). Nursing Roles and Responsibilities Involvement is essential to sustain health promotion...
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