...Treaties Name: Institution Introduction The term first nations people is used to define the indigenous people of Canada with the exclusion of Inuit and Métis tribes. They were the famous land keepers (Treaty Essential Learning’s, 2008). Aboriginal people also denote these groups, even though they encompass a broader perspective. The population of the Aboriginal comprises several communities, among them the Métis, the Inuit and the First Nations. The First Nations are the most populous, numbering about 958 000, followed by Métis and Inuit’s who number at 266 000 and 52 000 respectively (Cairns, 2011). Since the times of European colonization, the relationship between the Aborigines and the colonists has been a shaky one. The only way to promote the peaceful co-existence of the established nations and bands the European settlers within the boundary of Canada was to enter into conventional agreements. Hence, Beginning 1701, the British Crown engaged in a series of treaties to promote a peaceful coexistence between the First Nations and non-first nation’s people.the decision to get into such treaties was reached after the numerous Aborigines nations initially waged a series of attacks on the few settlers in the region (Miller, 2000). The argument behind the treaties was that the government would use the Aborigines land in exchange for food materials and other exclusives. The signing of...
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...Later,” to assimilate” became synonym of “to civilize”. But was that really necessary to do? Gradually it became similar to a totalitarian regime and its expansion within society. Why cannot people understand each other, learn from each other and respect each other? Aboriginal people had their own educational system long before new settlers arrived to the shores of North America. System that was so different, and yet so similar to the western one. The teachers were the parents, the elders and other members of community. The classrooms were the teepees, the hillsides or the forests. Also other unusual subjects played role in the process of education. Education of this kind is distinct from the education that demands schooling. It aims, first, to explain to the individual members of the community who they are, who their people are, and how they relate to other people and to the physical world around them. Second, an educational system seeks to train young people in the skills they will need to become successful and productive members of their bands, including an ability to procreate and preserve the community and defend it against threats. Education...
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...while their culture was unfazed. In actuality, although aboriginals fought for their rights and preservation of their lifestyle, European influence undoubtedly changed what it meant to be an aboriginal person. The passion that aboriginal peoples had for their culture did not suffice when the Europeans presented them with new resources and the promise of trade and commerce. As the Europeans began their settlement in 1492, they alienated land that aboriginal peoples had been occupying and thriving off of for thousands of years. As the number of new immigrants soared, aboriginal culture was dictated through laws and policies set by Europeans. Their land was being used for purposes contradicting their beliefs and aboriginal peoples across the nation began to conform to European practices. The promises of wealth and new tools led to trading with the Europeans, which required the adaptation of aboriginal cultures and practices to satisfy the demands of settlers. Even with much protest, aboriginal religion was affected by the constant pressures to conform to the Catholic Church by the French, mirrored by the British who pushed Christianity. European settlers brought with them illnesses previously unknown to aboriginal peoples, who were unable to combat disease as it wreaked havoc on almost every band across North America. As the Europeans began their quest to colonize the mysterious land of Canada, they presented the aboriginal peoples with...
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...Rights Act, that Canada provides significantly less funding for family and child services on reserves than that provided off reserves, but never knew much about the case so I was glad to be able to attend the event and gain more knowledge on the issue. In 2007, First Nations Child and Family Caring Society and the Assembly of First Nations (AFN) filed a human rights complaint alleging that the inequitable funding of child welfare services on First Nations reserves amounts to discrimination on the basis of race and national or ethnic origin, contrary to Section 5 of the Canadian Human Rights Act, RCS 1985, c. H-6 (the Act). Some of the current inequities in Canada are that almost half of all children in care under the age of 14 are Aboriginal. The placement of Aboriginal children in informal care with relatives is 11.4 times the rate for non-Aboriginal children, and 12.4 times the rate of non-Aboriginal children for formal placement in the child welfare system. In 2008 and 2011 The Auditor General of Canada confirmed that the federal government’s provision of First Nations child and family services and elementary and secondary education is flawed and inequitable. These inequities have contributed to First Nations children and youth being denied or delayed receipt of public services that are available to other Canadian children for...
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...To What Extent was the Canadian Government Treatment of the First Nation of the Prairies Justified The rights of the Natives did not truly recognized by the government. Since white people came to this territory, they did no consider the Natives as a part of the residents. However, it was the Natives who were the first to live and develop on this land. The Canadian government had signed treaties with the Natives and moved them to the prairies, where the crops could hardly grow on. They also forced Natives’ children to go to residential schools. However, Canada was just formed and needed money. Although the government of baby Canada needed land to build a railway with minimal amount of money, it could have achieved it without the cruel treatments to the Natives. One of the treatments was the numbered treaties. After the governments signed the treaties with the Natives, they obtained large area of land with very low price. The government promised that they would give Natives a part of the land and agriculture tools. However, the tool, supplies, animals, and instruction guaranteed by the treaties proved inadequate. For instant, the seeds were sent too late in the year and farmers were not allowed to use threshing machines. The Natives had no ways to plant crops under these harsh conditions even they were successful famers. The soil was also very barren on the prairies, which could not compare to the fertile lands around the Great Lakes. The land had not been fully cleared and...
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...As a result of Canadian expansion, construction of a national railway, and increased activity in mining, the Canadian government wished to promote settlement in Northern Ontario. However, because the area was already inhabited by First Nations peoples the Government entered into negotiations in the effort to construct a treaty that would relocate the First Nations peoples to a dedicated land claim elsewhere. As a result, Treaty Nine (also referred to as “The James Bay Treaty”) was established on July of 1905, between the Government of Canada, in the name of King Edward II, and various First Nations groups in Northern Ontario (Treaty Texts, n.d.). The Ojibwa and Cree were two key groups involved in the signing of this treaty, representing their people in agreement with the government's terms. They had the basic idea that the treaty was one of sharing and friendship and their goal was to establish a relationship with the government of the day, where they could share the land and take part in the decisions affecting it (The Mushkewgowuk and Anishinaabe Peoples, 2009). They were poor and needed assistance, blindly welcoming the opportunity to start a discussion and enter into a treaty with Canada, which was thought to be an agreement that would bind each party together in good faith (George MacMartin's Big Canoe Trip, 2014). Hunting, fishing and trapping rights were of great significance and needed to be secured in an agreement with the government but the Indians also needed monetary...
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...are several issues surrounding the first nations people of Canada. For a very long time there has been discrepancies between the Indigenous People and the rest of the inhabitants living in Canada. Although Canada seems to be country that promotes equality, there are still issues regarding the Indigenous People being overlooked. The most prevalent ones we see are those involving the land of the Indigenous People being taken over by mining companies, unequal access to Canada’s health system, high rates of violence towards First Nation’s women, and lower levels of education and income. The most known controversy that is really recent is the Northern Gateway Pipeline controversy. The Project involved building a pipeline that ran through Alberta to British Columbia and would go across roughly 1000 rivers and streams and land that belonged to the 50 First Nation’s groups. There are many residents that live on these territories that depend on these sources of water and land. Canada has a healthcare system for Aboriginals called Non-Insured Health Benefits for First Nations and Inuit (NIHB). Since it only applies to the First Nations and Inuit, the Métis and others Indigenous people that are not qualified under the Indian act do not receive the same benefits. It is a complex health system that has resulted in Indigenous People not getting equitable means to accessing health care. It is also concerning that the rate of violence towards First Nations women is much higher compared to...
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...Sociology Term Paper The film Education as we see it is a learning video addressing the educational decisions made in the late 1800s pertaining to the Canadian Aboriginals. Aboriginals were not considered productive members of the “white society” and therefore, Canadian government at the time, Duncan Scott believed that their best chance for success was to learn English and adopt Christianity and Canadian customs. (Keith & Whyte, 2003) By establishing residential schools where native children were forced to attend, ideally, they would pass their adopted lifestyle on to their children, and native traditions would eventually diminish. Scott stated that his ultimate goal was “to be rid of the Indian question.” (CBC News, 2010) Over the years, the students suffered harsh treatment, including physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. The issues addressed in the film are good examples of conflict theory as applied to education. Additional social concepts brought up for discussion also include ethnocentrism, social inequality, as well as gender assumptions/discrimination. (Education as we see it) Conflict theory was originally coined by Karl Marx, and later adapted and developed by other theorists’ including Max Weber. According to Karl Marx, in all stratified societies there are two major social groups: a ruling class and a subject class. The ruling class exploits and oppresses the subject class, and as a result there is a basic conflict of...
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...discuss Indian Residential Schools in Canada and the legacy that followed from being a student in these institutions. As abuse was prevalent across most of the schools, this created a lot of emotional problems and coping strategies which were passed on from generation to generation. These three articles are Agnes Grant’s Finding my Talk, David MacDonald’s “Genocide in the Indian Residential Schools: Canadian history through the Lens of the UN Genocide Convention”, and Jennifer Llewellyn’s “Dealing with the Legacy of Native Residential School Abuse in Canada: Litigation, ADR, and Restorative justice.” The first reading finding my talk is about one woman named Eleanor Brass and her experience coping with not only the years of abuse endured in residential schools, but also with dealing with a lifetime of racism, being an indigenous woman in Canada. Eleanor was one of the first babies to be born on the File Hills Colony , which was under tight control of the Indian agents. Indian agents would control all the farming practices of the families who were living on the colony. Nothing could be sold without the agent overseeing the transaction and this amount of control was not limited to their farming...
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...Being a Canadian citizenship has created a personal connection within my life. It's made me feel safe as there are so many horrible things happening around the world, I enjoy living in Canada because I am a proud Canadian. My nationality has tied into who I am today, and my identity. It has tied in, in ways such as, myself growing up here, being able to speak Vietnamese to my family, and lastly be able to be who I am as a person. I believe these factors such as me being both Vietnamese and Canadian tie into the fact of nationalism. As I believe nationalism is being a whole with the importance of being a nation and having common shares, such as Canada being so diverse and accepting, I am able to still be apart of both a Vietnamese nation and a Canadian one. Allowing me to live, grow and explore my life as a...
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...Although most history books, regard the beginning of Canadian history from the arrival of European Settlers on “Turtle Island”, or Canada, this is incorrect in the eye of the Anishnaabe; a large First Nations group that resided in Canada long before Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River and claimed the island. The historical experience of the Anishinaabe/ Ojibwe tribe and its cultural influence, best represented in a timeline perspective that emphasizes the significant events that had a role in shaping the Ojibwe culture. The starting point of the Ojibwe history cannot be placed on a timeline; it dates back to a time before people recorded information. For this reason, Ojibwe is considered to have an oral history, in that information...
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...Social Work and Human Rights Essay Introduction The recent news of the two aboriginal teenagers with their contrasting stories caught my attention. One was of a 17 year old, Ms. Victoria Lansen, an aboriginal single mom, who after facing much struggle, completed her Year 12 graduation from Gunbalanya School in West Arnhem Land on January 21,2016. The second was of another aboriginal teenager from Goldfields-Esperance region, Western Australia, who took his own life just two days after, becoming one of the at least five people in the Goldfields-Esperance region who have committed suicide in the past two months leading up to Christmas. The journey of the 17 year old Ms. Lansen, who comes from a remote Aboriginal town, has not been easy but in the interview to (1) ABC News she stated that she could cope owing to the support from family, friends and range of core local services. Her environment was in contrast to that of the troubled youth whose death highlights the sense of hopelessness, radicalized and economic inequality. The deceased youth’s uncle, Trevor Donaldson, is demanding a safe house set up for troubled aboriginal youth in Goldfields, Western Australia. The human rights issue which can be seen in the light of just these two unbiased media reports is how presence or absence of some core local services can change the direction in which the life takes the Aboriginals in this case. (2) Western Australia leads the Aboriginal suicide rates, with 35.8 per 100,000 Aboriginal...
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...As an Aboriginal of the age of four to sixteen living in the 1800’s until the 1990’s, life was not diverting due to the Residential School systems. Canada has been struggling to gain the forgiveness of the Residential School attendants and gladly, they had finally accepted our apologies, but will they ever forgive themselves for not being one of us? During the twentieth century, Residential Schools became widespread in all Canadian provinces and territories except Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland. Aboriginal children had been seized from their homes and had been placed into these ‘boarding schools’. They had to do labour work, live with complete strangers, and also study the Canadian culture just to kill the Indian in the Child. The young children had to do all of this for the government while being abused. Sexually, physically and mentally. About one hundred and fifty thousand children were placed into this horrid living and only eighty thousand made it out alive as in two thousand and eight. In order for us to be forgiven, we did two acts that will never make up for what our country had done to them. We wrote a state of apology that was read in front of a crowd of survivors. We had also given each of them a generous amount of money as a materialistic apology. But how did the aboriginal community act upon the materialistic goods and apology? Has Canada as a whole done enough to heal the wounds of aboriginal students that had attended the Residential...
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...The Charter of Rights and Freedoms Canada has come a long way from the fragile group of colonies it had once been. As it is no longer under complete British rule, it is now a fully functioning and self-governing country, and is a significant part of the Western World. In this way, Canada also harbors many of the societal ailments that many other developed countries are burdened with. Despite such an unfortunate circumstance, however, it is of popular opinion that Canada is increasingly more habitable than the other first world countries of the modern era, and is frequently listed exceptionally high on the United Nations’ ranking of countries to live in. While there are a variety of superficial reasons for such a reputation—such as the country’s...
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...The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was a major turning point in the legal history of Indigenous people in Canada. Arising at the end of the French and Indian war, the Royal Proclamation was a document collaborated between the British Crown and Indigenous leaders that set guidelines for the European settlement of aboriginal territories. The proclamation created clear boundary lines the colonial public were not to cross, as well as acknowledged the right of Indian Nations to possess lands. It also made treaty making the official policy for acquiring land. Fast forward a little more that one hundred years and the Indian act would be passed in 1868, allowing the establishment of reserves for tribal bands. In the years to come, eleven more treaties...
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