...7.0 Evaluation Stage 7 8.0 Lessons Learned 8 9.0 Appendix 9 3.0 Introduction During the six weeks sessions on 2 November, our group members were engaged in organising an event relating to the charitable involve the steps of planning, implementation and evaluation. We took part in the charitable event actively to work as volunteers and visited to Glory Days old folk home at Jalan Vermont Georgetown, Penang. The main purpose of this event we had organized visit to old folk home is investigate and understand some old folks’ daily habits or activities. Otherwise, we organized this charitable event in order to contribute our helping hand as volunteer to involve some activities of charity such as celebrate birthday and hair cutting task for those old folks in need and not merely complete our assignment task without sincerely. The old folk home formerly known as Glory Home which established since 1988 year. Glory Days is a trustable old folk nursing home that provides the services of home care for the aged, ambulatory handicapped, bedridden handicapped, convalescent and others. 4.0 Brainstorming Brainstorming is a group or individual creativity technique by which efforts are made to find a conclusion for a specific problem by gathering a list of ideas spontaneously contributed by its members.The method that our group uses is Round Robin brainstorming. Round Robin brainstorming rules are...
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...Isn't So The Fallibility of Human Reason in Everyday Life Thomas Gilovich THE FREE PRESS A Division of Macmillan, Inc. NEW YORK To Karen and liana Contents Acknowledgments 1. Introduction vn 1 PART ONE Cognitive Determinants of Questionable Beliefs 2. Something Out of Nothing: The Misperception and Misinterpretation of Random Data 3. Too Much from Too Little: The Misinterpretation of Incomplete and Unrepresentative Data 4. Seeing What We Expect to See: The Biased Evaluation of Ambiguous and Inconsistent Data 9 29 49 PART TWO Motivational and Social Determinants of Questionable Beliefs 5. Seeing What We Want to See: Motivational Determinants of Belief 6. Believing What We are Told: The Biasing Effects of Secondhand Information 7. The Imagined Agreement of Others: Exaggerated Impressions of Social Support 75 88 112 Contents PART THREE Examples of Questionable and Erroneous Beliefs 8. Belief in Ineffective "Alternative" Health Practices 9. Belief in the Effectiveness of Questionable Interpersonal Strategies 10. Belief in ESP 125 146 Acknowledgments 156 PART FOUR Where Do We Go from Here? 11. Challenging Dubious Beliefs: The Role of Social Science Notes Index 185 195 214 Four people made unusually significant contributions to this work and deserve special thanks. Lee Ross commented on drafts of many of the chapters and provided a number of his uniquely illuminating insights...
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... 2 The expression "American roots music" may not be well-known to all, and involves some enlightenment. At the start of the 20th Century, the phrase "folk music" was used by scholars to explain music made by the whites of the European ancestry. As the century grew, the meaning of folk music expanded to include the song styles, particularly the blues of Southern blacks. Folk music was viewed as a window into the cultural life of these two groups. Folk songs communicated with people’s hopes, dreams, and sadness of their everyday lives. More and more music was made by other groups of Americans such as Mexican Americans, Native Americans, and Cajuns (Louisiana)." The songs were sung on front porches where families would gather, in churches, in the fields and while rocking children to sleep. The melodies and words were passed down from parent to child. The songs and meanings were often changed to reflect change in times. Knowledge of folk songs and musicians grew, and popular musicians began to draw on folk music as an imaginative source as never before in the 1960s. "Folk music" became a form of popular music by singer/songwriter Bob Dylan, who helped pioneer the acoustic performing style that echoed the society based on folk musicians. Music writers, intellectuals and fans began to look for new ways to describe the different musical styles still being sung and played in communities across America, and not heard on radios. The...
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...2 Forms of Music B. 2 Types of Gagaku C. 3 Musical Styles of the Gagaku D. 3 Forms of Theater and Dance PHILIPPINE MUSIC Ethnic Traditions * Pre-colonial or Pre-Spanish * Common in the mountainous regions of the North and the archipelago of the South * May be instrumental or vocal * Belief of a God that provides to all their needs. Example: bountiful harvest, wedding, etc. * Instruments are made of bronze, bamboo or wood Instruments: 1. Saggeypo/Diwas 2. Tongatong 3. Bungkaka 4. Kubing 5. Gandingan 6. Dabakan 7. Kudyapi 8. Kulintang 9. Babandil Spanish Traditions * Religious influence connected to and outside the Catholic Liturgy * European type of music adapted by the Filipinos. (Opera, Troubadours, Orchestra, Rondalla, etc Examples: * Pabasa/Pasyon * Panunuluyan * Zarswela * Moro-moro * Senakulo American Traditions * American Teachers introduced the singing of Philippine songs in Western Style. * Three types of Music: Classical, Semi-classical and Popular Music Examples: * CLASSICAL MUSIC-art songs, kundiman * SEMI-CLASSICAL MUSIC-folk songs, marches, band, rondalla * POPULAR MUSIC- ballads/rock Original Pilipino Music (OPM) * Popularized due to influence of Western and American style of music * Ways of making it known are the Radio, Television and Internet * Making use of Popular Persons to make the music known Examples:...
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...CAN PERSONALITY BE CHANGED?(summary) This article discusses about the role of beliefs in personality and change. In general people with malleable beliefs do better in all aspects compared to fixed believers. The author says that the malleable belief theory CAN be taught. She showed two examples (Identical twins cases of James Springer-James Lewis and Barbara Herbert-Daphne Goodship) of how certain things happen that makes people think that personality is planted in our genes and is not able to be changed. Beliefs are in fact an essential part of personality. In the study by Aronson, Fried and good, students were shown a film to teach them malleable belief theory. The film demonstrates how the brain is able of making new connections throughout the life and how it grows in response to intellectual challenge. They emphasized the students that brain is malleable and that intelligence expands with hard work. These students did well compared to other students in their semester activities. In the other example, when students were praised for their intelligence, they moved towards a fixed belief theory. This praise made them challenge-avoidant and vulnerable, such that when they hit obstacles their confidence, enjoyment, and performance decline. When students were praised for their effort or strategies (their process), they instead took on a more malleable theory. They were eager to learn and highly flexible in the face of difficulty. Expectations of positive or negative...
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...Knowledge and Justified Belief What is knowledge? This is the question we used to be sure of according to Plato’s theory of recollection, which tells that the knowledge is the justified belief; if this belief is true, then there is some fact make the proposition for this belief to be true; since the belief is justified by some evidence; therefore people comes up with the standard analysis of knowledge. This idea has been generally agreed till Edmund Gettier came up with the article questioning if knowledge is the justified true belief. Gettier provides two cases wherein intuitively the subject gains a justified true belief does not equal to knowledge. By contrast, Gettier’s arguments indicate the situation in which someone has a belief that is both true and well supported by evidence but fails to be knowledge. That is, it is sufficient and necessary to have belief, truth and justification to define knowledge as in classical theory, yet, the Gettier’s theory by questioning knowledge that justifiably believe one of the true proposition and dismiss the other is necessary and sufficient add-on to the classical theory to redefine knowledge. First of all, according to Plato’s theory of knowledge, that knowledge is justified true belief, or as Gettier concluded Plato’s classical theory of knowledge as: “ S knows that P if and only if P is true; S believes in P and S is justified in believing P” (Gettier 1). In the Meno, written by Plato, he believes that knowledge appears to...
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...It appears that the challenges presented by Gettier and others undermine or discredit the traditional definition of knowledge. If you are justified in holding a particular view or belief, then it would be justifiable for you to accept any statements of logic associated with that belief. Gettier’s belief that justified true belief may be necessary for knowledge, but not being sufficient for actually knowing seems to be a contradiction to me. Also, the simple fact that there is not a consensus on a solution to “The Gettier Problem” leads me to wonder if a solution actually exists. The concept of justified true belief is not a matter of knowing or not knowing, it addresses the difference of knowing and having knowledge. The vagueness of this idea has left many philosophers and epistemologists pondering the definition of knowledge. I will address the third solution given in this assignment. In this solution, it is suggested that justification be replaced with “something else”. I found this also to be a very vague response to the issue at hand. This concept is based on the use of cognitive processes in obtaining knowledge. . This solution also states that the Reliabilist does not find it necessary to know whether or not these cognitive processes are functioning properly. If one has no idea whether or not cognitive processes are functioning properly, how can one be certain of the knowledge obtained from the use of those processes? Even if this solution is accepted, who...
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...anthropological relativism, erthocentric is bad and tolerant behavior is good. Erthocentric means when you do not look outside your religion and you think that your religion is the best. The idea of erthocentric is hence considered as a vice while tolerance is treated as virtue. Some people think that tolerance is subduing and hence it means that you are submitting. It is right if you think it is right but wrong if you think it is wrong. Philosophical relativism asserts that it depends upon the person who is interpreting the truth. The second form is Descriptive vs Normative relativism. Descriptive relativism assumes that different cultural groups have different modes of thought and reasoning. But evaluating the validity of the principles and beliefs is not expected. Normative relativism claims that modes of thought, standards of reasoning are right or wrong relative to a framework. The pros and cons of relativism are very contradictory. For example, if everything is relative then Hitler's actions are not unjust. Most people will then not accept relativism. Relativism undermines morality. Relativism denies that harming others is wrong if a person thinks that it is good for him and that he will derive pleasure out of it. The majority of us believes that harming others is immoral. But in relativism, if an individual thinks it is wrong to harm others, the he may also think that it may be right to harm others, no...
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...identity, thus conveying some cultural subtleties, say, his likes and dislikes, his convictions and taboos. The example of Hippies and Yuppies comes readily to one’s mind. Their unconventional, rebellious dressing code, in a non-verbal manner, remained their counter-cultural manifesto. It is also true in the case of politicians and business people, whose clothing undoubtedly helps to differentiate them from those with different pursuits and occupations. With one’s dress, a sensitive, well-informed mind could also gather crucial information about the customs, beliefs and other cultural inclinations of the community the person lives in, though, in some cases，the knowledge thus gained might be insufficient, but certainly not dismissible. （如果字数多了，这个蓝色部分可以删掉）As we are invariably conditioned by our customs upon the very moment of our birth, we grow up to be little creatures of our communities and convictions. Their beliefs are our belief, their impossibilities our impossibilities....
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...Diversity Paper Psych 535 This will be a paper discussing different diversity perspectives. Each perspective will be an analyzed about diversity. Each perspective will also explain the implications of the diversity perspective on human behavior in the workplace environment. Two perspectives that will be addressed will be fundamental diversity and cultural diversity. Fundamental Diversity is described as being a type of diversity that consists of people who often have goals about the importance, purpose, and function of work, as well as the relationship between the individual employee and the greater organization, and fundamental beliefs that are different. (Heuberger, 2004). Cultural diversity is based upon the concept that cultural identities should never be ignored nor discarded, though instead they should be valued and maintained (Heuberger, 2004). Cultural Diversity Cultural diversity is based on the idea that cultural identities should not be discarded or ignored, but rather maintained and valued (American Multicultural Publications, 2007). The workplace can be considered an environment where several different backgrounds join together for one common goal. Cultural diversity can consist of a difference in national origin, gender, race, and other human aspects. Cultural diversity is not based solely on culture and other human aspect...
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...District of Tennessee and other counties nearby was presiding over the hearing. Messiah’s name change was part of the Judge’s case; however, the parents did not expect the first name to be changed. Judge Ballew ordered the name of the 7-month-old baby to be "Martin DeShawn McCullough" (Baldacci, 2013). The judge included the last names of both parents however, she left out Messiah. "The word Messiah is a title and it's a title that has only been earned by one person and that one person is Jesus Christ" Judge Ballew said (Baldacci, 2013). Jaleesa responded by saying, "I was shocked. I never intended on naming my son Messiah because it means God and I didn't think a judge could make me change my baby's name because of her religious beliefs" (Baldacci, 2013). When reporters asked the judge about common used name Jesus, she replied “that was not relevant” (Baldacci, 2013). The reliability, credibility and validity of the data. Judges of the United States take oath or affirmation before performing his or hers duties in office. They promise to faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties under the Constitution and laws of the United States. They also, instruct juries to decide cases without "prejudice, sympathy, fear, favor or public opinion" (Lavin & DiMichele 2013). In...
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...Ignorance is Bliss Many people believe that more knowledge leads to more happiness. However, the well-known saying "Ignorance is bliss" may be more credible than people think. Many times, people are hurt by the truth. Therefore, more knowledge does not make one happier because the truth can be devastating and have a negative impact on one's life. When you are ignorant, you choose to not recognize that there is wrong in the world or that wrong is being done to you. This proverb can be clearly illustrated in Plato’s ‘Allegory of the Cave’ and the story of ‘Oedipus the King’. In the story of ‘Oedipus the king’, it is prophesized that Oedipus would kill his father and marries his mother. If Oedipus had remained oblivious of the ancient prophecy he would not have ultimately stabbed out his own eyes. And imposed on himself the penalty of exile. He was so desperate for knowledge and to find out the truth that in the end he caused pain to himself. If he would remain ignorant, he would not have gone through much pain. His thirst of knowing the truth was the road through his tragic end. For Oedipus, ignorance would have been bliss. In the case of Plato’s ‘Allegory of the Cave’, once the prisoner is released he is forced to look upon the fire and objects that were his reality. He realizes these new images in front of him are now the accepted forms of reality. Plato describes the vision of the real truth in one way to the prisoners. Thus, they do not realize that they are looking at...
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...Is the American Dream a Delusion? The idea of the American Dream is rooted deep in every Americans heart. The American dream is a national ethos of the United States in which freedom includes the opportunity for prosperity and success, and the idea that life should be fuller, richer and better for everyone regardless of social class or circumstances of birth. But this view on the American dream is challenged by gender studies and college teacher Courtney E. Martin in her article ”Is the American Dream a Delusion?”, in which she questions the value of the American Dream. Courtney E. Martin is a gender studies professor at Hunter College which is one of the most ethnically diverse schools. This gives her a sense of credibility; that she knows what she is talking about. In this article she is addressing teachers and professional educators like herself, because of the complex and formal language used by E. Martin, for example “I want to give my students an intellectual tool that can serve as an emotional cushion”. This is not only an example of the complexity of the language, but also an example of the many metaphors E. Martin uses in the article. Metaphors are mostly used to emphasise a point or so there is a sense of clarity. Another example of a metaphor could be “I don't want to be the pinprick that lets the air out of the swollen balloon of hope”. By using this metaphor, E. Martin clarifies that she is not trying to beat the immigrants down or take their hope away. Later...
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...others how to be successful. The memoir begins with the collaborative effort Franklin and his members of the junto club made to establish the first library. They formed a public subscription to their personal books. They believed that reading was significant and the library was a common benefit to society. Although Franklin was educated as Presbyterian, he treated all religion with respect. He believed that even the worst of religions had some good. Franklin did not let his religion tie him down. He often did not attend public worship and thus received admonishment from his minister. Once Franklin heard his minister’s five points he became conflicted. As a result he withdrew from his church and wrote his own prayer entitled “Articles of Belief and Acts of Religion” Franklin’s most arduous project was his attempt at moral perfection. He established his thirteen virtues to guide himself onto the right path. By charting his journey for moral perfection, Franklin was able to examine himself and learn from his faults. However as time went by, Franklin realized that it was not possible for him to become perfect. He acknowledged his failure and pointed out that his journey toward moral perfection shaped him to become a happier man. Franklin concluded in his memoir that pride was a moral imperfection that was difficult to subdue. Franklin uses ethos to establish credibility as role model for the young men of America to become successful. By highlighting his own experience with...
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...the world and its components should go together. Although we may not all share the same worldviews, we do have the ability to express our own opinions and arguments on them. There is a minimum of “five clusters of beliefs” which include God, reality, knowledge, ethics and human nature. (Nash, 1999, p.14) Some worldviews may contain other beliefs, “these five define the most important differences among competing conceptual systems.” (Nash, 1999, p.14) First we look at a crucial part of any worldview. While the world holds many different religions the underlying question is there a God and only one God and is he a personal being? Within the different cultures of society cultures such as Buddhism, Hinduism and Shintoism all share their own difference of worldview and belief in God. While we share different views on the world we share a common belief in God, while the beliefs do vary, we share that common ground within any religion. Metaphysics (ultimate reality) covers the basis of God and the universe, is the universe eternal, did God create the world and what is the purpose of the universe/cosmos? These questions have all been asked by society and we answer them to the best of our ability. We do not all share the same answers, but we have a belief in how the universe was created. Epistemology (knowledge) is something that you learn or remember through experience. Without knowledge where would the world be today? Society has to have knowledge to achieve. Example...
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