...Valerie Dixon, a guest columnist, published in The Gleaner an article on Sunday August 17, 2014 Titled: ‘Garveyism more relevant today’. The article was quite uplifting and informative, as the author highlighted the strengths and weaknesses of affirmative action, and expressed the relevance of Garveyism, and her view of how much Garveyism is needed in our society today. Knowing that affirmative action has its advantages and disadvantages, one would have to agree with the author on the point that, “the granting of affirmative action was one of the best and worst things that has ever happened to the black race in the diaspora”. I agreed with Dixon’s point that, affirmative action, was the best policy to attempt to get rid of discrimination,...
Words: 386 - Pages: 2
...Black Nationalism: UNIA The UNIA was a Black Nationalist movement led by Marcus Garvey. The movement made up a unique gender hierarchy and poor class membership that grew to extend all across the world’s geography. With the criticism of opponents, and the help of allies, the UNIA would come to stand as one of the most significant Black Nationalist movements. The UNIA maintained a hierarchal gender system that enforced female domesticity and male breadwinning. The female domesticity included caretaking and homemaking tasks, such as nursing and clothing production. One of the nursing programs, the Black Cross Nurses, “once a week learnt first aid and Medicare under the tutelage of a registered nurse who was a UNIA member (Lewis 68)”. For clothing production, women manufactured and designed various materials for the organization. Martin notes, “Women’s Manufacturing Department and Bazaar, which made Black Cross Nurses’ uniforms, Panama hats, and other millinery, shirts and ties” (Martin 34). Given the military culture of the UNIA, women also found themselves engaging in more soldierly activities. For instance, “Another uniformed auxiliary was the Motor Corps for females, both adult and teenage. These women met once a week to practice military drills as well as learn to drive” (Lewis 68). The gender structure of the UNIA was frequently met with criticism and examination through debate forums. Topics might include, “Is the intellect of woman as highly developed as that of man’s...
Words: 1847 - Pages: 8
...A is incorrect, because black separatism was not a central part of the Harlem Renaissance. Garveyism emphasized black separatism. The United Negro Improvement Association’s leading spokesman, Marcus Garvey, believed in “black power” and promoted blacks separating themselves from whites by returning to Africa to build their own republic. Although Garvey was influential during the Harlem Renaissance, other black leaders strongly disagree with him. W.E.B. Du Bois stated that Garvey was “the most dangerous enemy of the Negro race… He is either a lunatic or a traitor.” The Harlem Renaissance wanted to celebrate black culture, but Garveyism and black separatism were not emphasized. B must be correct, because the Harlem Renaissance was the nation’s first self-conscious black literacy and artistic movement. The explosion of creative expression reinforced race pride among blacks and sought to rediscover black folk culture. Famous leaders like Langston Hughes, James Weldon Johnson, Alain Locke, and Augusta Savage all let their words and art helped to celebrate black culture....
Words: 308 - Pages: 2
...Erna Brodber’s “Louisiana” is rich with real history. Brodber manages to connect and involve her characters in these movements and events seamlessly. From Marcus Garvey’s UNIA movement, to the longshoremen strike, to Ella Townsend’s ancestral history, Brodber provides us a story rooted in African-American History. Mammy/Sue Ann Grant, Silas King, and Lowly Girl/Louise Grant were Garveyites. Garveyites are those who are followers of an aspect of Black Nationalism called Garveyism. Garveyism follows the political, social, and economic policies of UNIA-ACL’s founder Marcus Garvey. The UNIA-ACL is an acronym for “Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League”. The organization reached its peak in the 1920s, before Marcus...
Words: 681 - Pages: 3
...that numbered in the millions (Cedric Robinson, Black Movements in America, 121). Any downfalls of his businesses, and eventually the movement, were not for lack of followers. Literally thousands of people wanted to buy a piece of the Garvey machine. Additionally, Garvey distanced himself from such other black leaders as W.E.B. DuBois by criticizing DuBois’s desire to have a place among whites in American society (Birnbaum and Taylor, Civil Rights in America since 1787, 272). By polarizing the black population, Garvey was able to delineate the differentiation of the UNIA and galvanize his support. Furthermore, the prevalence of UNIA chapters throughout the country, including in the overtly racist South, maintained the strength of Garveyism locally, regionally, and nationally. The growth of the UNIA, however, was not due merely to Garvey’s mobilization efforts. Garvey bolstered his rhetoric with strong lines of communication to keep his followers informed and hungry for more. He employed the Negro World as one primary...
Words: 785 - Pages: 4
...journalist, entrepreneur, and orator who was a staunch proponent of the Black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism movements, to which end he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL). He founded the Black Star Line, part of the Back-to-Africa movement, which promoted the return of the African Diaspora to their ancestral lands. Prior to the twentieth century, leaders such as Prince Hall, Martin Delany, Edward Wilmot Blyden, and Henry Highland Garnet advocated the involvement of the African Diaspora in African affairs. Garvey was unique in advancing a Pan-African philosophy to inspire a global mass movement and economic empowerment focusing on Africa known as Garveyism. Promoted by the UNIA as a movement of African Redemption, Garveyism would eventually inspire others, ranging from the Nation of Islam to the Rastafari movement (which proclaims Garvey as a prophet). The intent of the movement was for those of African ancestry to "redeem" Africa and for the European colonial powers to leave it. His essential ideas about Africa were stated in an editorial in the Negro World titled “African Fundamentalism” where he wrote: “ Our union must know no clime, boundary, or nationality… to let us hold together under all climes and in every country… ” Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr. was born in St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica to Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Sr., a mason, and Sarah Jane Richards, a domestic worker. Of eleven siblings, only Marcus and his sister Indiana...
Words: 1192 - Pages: 5
...Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican-born black nationalist who created a 'Back to Africa' movement in the United States. He became an inspirational figure for later civil rights activists. Marcus Garvey encouraged African people around the world to be proud of their race and to see beauty in their own kind. A central idea to Garveyism was that African people in every part of the world were one people and they would never advance if they did not put aside their cultural and ethnic differences and contrast. He led a movement that articulated a distinctively nationalist approach to African American identity and politics. This movement, which he founded, was called the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). The Universal Negro Improvement Association is dedicated to racial pride, economic self-sufficiency, and the formation of an independent black nation in Africa. It is an educational, institutional, constructive, and expansive association that does its work to uplift the people of African Ancestry of the world. I think that what the Universal Negro Improvement Association stands for is relevant today. Just like during Garvey’s travels he believed that uniting the ‘blacks’ was the only way to improve conditions. If they just come together and fight with love, faith, and charity they can accomplish what is needed and would be blessed. Oppressing the weak will only lead to confusion and further turmoil. Present day there are still minority groups who are being taken advantage...
Words: 403 - Pages: 2
...Marcus Garvey was a declaimer of Pan-Africanism and other similar movements, as well as the founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. His legacy inspired others to start movements like Garveyism and the Rastafari movement (Bio.com). Marcus Garvey was born in Jamaica in 1887 where he was self-educated. He was born as the last of eleven children to a farmer and a stone mason. Garvey stated that his father had a strong influence on him, being a bold and determined man. His father kept a library which is how Garvey learned to read (Bio.com). At the age of fourteen, Marcus Garvey started working for a printer, and later traveled to America where he was a writer and editor, focusing mainly on the exploitation of migrant workers in the Southern plantations. He eventually worked for the African Times and Orient Review after college where he learned about Pan-Africanism, which was a common topic in this review (Bio.com)....
Words: 458 - Pages: 2
...stereotype of mindless, obedient, helpless slaves. They were able to own homes for themselves, have jobs with actual pay, and establish communities together - one of the most notable ones being Harlem, New York. The city of Harlem was the central heart of the movement, where most of the population had migrated to and began opening up opportunities for themselves. There were black owned businesses, clubs, and newspapers for the first time. “Black business leaders like Madame C. J. Walker and others, owners of funeral homes, insurance companies, and newspapers helped to create a new black business base, just as organizations like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and The Crisis magazine, the National Urban League, Garveyism, and the African Blood Brotherhood all made the needs and concerns of African-American migrants and black emigrants from other parts of the Diaspora known to all (Graham, Maryemma. “The New Negro Renaissance.” Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. 2011. Feb. 2016.”). Upon having these black organizations, the community of ‘New Blacks’ had the stepping stool to get the recognition that they wanted for their work and continue fluctuating the Renaissance. People would soon be able to see art through the eyes of the African American and acknowledge their community as culturally stimulating and authentic. No particular craze had shaped America in the 1920’s quite as much as jazz had. Jazz music had been the defining sound of the 20’s, creating what...
Words: 812 - Pages: 4
...Akari Devonish Caribbean Studies Culture is the beliefs or customs of a society. There can be two distinctive types of culture, material culture which consists of all tangible things created by the members of society like architecture, cuisine etc. and non material culture which comprises society’s belief and norms like music and religion. In recent times however, due to the increase of development and modernization, many traditional practices can be erased, retained or even renewed. We can see these changes in the Caribbean, especially in Barbados. Culture erasure refers to the process of gradually removing various traditions from society. This usually comes from newer generations having little or no interest in certain traditions. In the Caribbean the majority of young adults prefer foreign music, clothes and even sports. For example, there is a severe decline in people who would prefer to listen to calypso over foreign music. In terms of sports, there has also been a reduction of cricket fans. In the past there were masses of people who flocked to the cricket grounds to watch the West Indies. Those who didn’t were usually at home watching from their television or listening to it on the radio. In modern times, other sports like football, has gained a massive increase in popularity over cricket. In addition, the advances of technology can have an effect on the rate of culture erasure as well. Although they might save much needed time and energy, the introduction of various...
Words: 792 - Pages: 4
...1a Write a detailed account of the Burma Road Riot. The multitude of laborers, supported by women and children from black over-the-hill community. They gathered and came together on the outer government buildings at the public square. The attorney General Eric Hallinan directed the workers from the steps of the colonial secretary’s office hoping to calm them down. Mr Hallinan informed them to be aware of what they were doing and not to ruin a good thought. While there were mentions about the laborers throwing sticks in a pile, they left when they heard about that. The majority of the mass of people became even angrier. Mr. Christie, Captain Sears and many others tried to assure that the angry people went home. In the end a crowd of men ruined the head of the group, they were done with listening to what they had to say, “Talk is cheap” is what they said. They started going down Bay Street damaging as they walked through. Finally, the multitude of men started to damage the main assemblage, worn out hearing them complain about what the though was “cheap talk”. As they continued you down Bay Street they continuing damaging anywhere as they past. The riot had many reasons towards it, but the underlying cause was the racial tension. A series of severe discrimination is what the black Bahamians went through. Blacks were banned from restaurants, movie houses, hotels and only allowed in some churches through the back door. There were...
Words: 1004 - Pages: 5
...12 The Revolutionist Exploring Marcus Garvey African American Literature Mr. Brown 12 The Revolutionist Exploring Marcus Garvey African American Literature Mr. Brown Throughout life and its many injustices one must be confident in their character and understanding who they are, not only as a person but a part of a people, becomes imperative to any conscientious progression. The prominent, well respected African American, social activist, and revolutionary, Marcus Garvey understood the relevance of knowing oneself and how it played a major role in a person conscious development. He had such a bold passion for the uplift of his people, (Blacks), that he mustered all his power, political, economic, and intellectual, to advocate for them, driving them away from the confines of white supremacy, towards liberation in its entirety. “Every man has a right to his own opinion. Every race has a right to its own action; therefore let no man persuade you against your will, let no other race influence you against your own.” -Marcus Garvey Born on August 17th, 1887 into a large family, living in St. Ann’s Bay, Jamaica, Marcus Mosiah Garvey had parents that were indefinitely devoted to their eleven children's overall wellbeing and with an authoritative parenting approach they were ultimately the foundation for establishing him as a man with commendable morals, values, and responsible for his ethical outlook on life. As a child he admired his father keenly and adopted his craving...
Words: 1342 - Pages: 6
...Title: The Burma Road Riot Name: Alieth Jeanienne Adderley Student ID#: 000-06-8795 Instructor’s Name: Tracey Thompson Date of Submission: 29th March 2012 The Burma Road Riot, despite being often misunderstood and misinterpreted is still regarded as one of the most significant events in the racial and political history of The Bahamas. Although there were immediate causes of the riot, the social system existing from emancipation fostered dissatisfaction in the hearts of many non-white Bahamians. Prior to 1838, slaveholders who were mostly white were prescribed by law to own black slaves but after emancipation in 1838, Bahamian society was reorganized in a three tier system, the white elite, the coloured middle class and the black masses. Although this system was similar to the model of The British West Indian colonies, The Bahamas, due to its proximity to the United States, was influenced by The Jim Crowe laws existing in The Southern United States which discriminated against African Americans in an effort to control their movements. The white elite, being the former slave holders used any means necessary to maintain their status as the ‘master class.’ This included economic control through the use of the truck, share and labour tenancy systems, which ensured that black Bahamians were in debt, legal means which prevented them from not acquiring land, and social means by using the coloured middle class to create social divisions among the black Bahamians. Bahamian society...
Words: 2612 - Pages: 11
...Blacks World Spotlight: on the International Stage in the 1920s During World War I the United States bought nearly 200,000 African-American soldiers to France. Majority of the African American soldiers were from the southern region of the United States of America. Many Blacks stayed after the war, generating a permanent Black population in France. The ending of the First World War also marked the beginning of the New Negro Movement or Harlem Renaissance in the United States. During this time African Americans emerged as talented, creative intellectuals leaving their footprint on 1920s America. While much focus of the New Negro Movement is centered in the United States, it indeed was an international affair. The purpose of this research is to examine how a number of African Americans launched their creative debut from the international stage of Paris, France. Additional focus will center on black artists turning to Africa as a source and facture in the art. Last but not least, the effort of Author Schomburg to collect and house international works about blacks will be addressed. Utterly intrigued by African Americans and thoroughly consumed with their talents, the French displayed a respect for Blacks unseen in the United States. While a great number of African-American soldiers remain in Paris, many journeyed back to the United States. Those soldiers certainly were not greeted by change. The United States remained the same racially tensed nation. If there was any change, it...
Words: 3126 - Pages: 13
...English 311.01 (13471): The History of African-American Writing Fall 2015 Tuesday, Thursday 11:00-12:15 JR 244 Professor Nate Millsnathaniel.mills@csun.eduOffice hours: Tuesdays 1:00-3:30 and by appointmentSierra Tower 718 | Course Description / Objectives Through a historical survey of the work of major African-American writers from slavery to the present, this course will examine the defining features of African-American expression. The course is organized around a foundational question: what makes African-American literature African-American? Is it just a set of texts that happen to have been written by authors who identified as black in their respective historical moments? Are there distinct formal and thematic paradigms that unify these texts into a coherent literary tradition? What relation do black texts bear to other black texts, as well as to the Western canon? Are African-American texts necessarily “political,” by definition protesting the social and political marginalization of black people in America? Do African-American texts represent the particular experiences of African Americans, or do they (also?) address universal problems and experiences? The cultural, literary-formal, and political distinctiveness of African-American writing will thus be the guiding theme of this course’s rigorous, fast-moving survey. Additionally, students in 311 will acquire knowledge of the following: * The ways African-American...
Words: 4012 - Pages: 17
