...A New Era in Marriage Patrick Liou PSYC 359 Professor Barone A New Era in Marriage Robert Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love states that intimacy, passion, and commitment combine to produce different types of love, ranging from non-love to consummate love. In the 21st century, most Americans consider romantic love as key criteria in finding a marital spouse, but throughout history, the choice of a spouse usually had little if any to do with romantic love. In the 1960s, when the dynamics of a marriage followed the breadwinner-homemaker model, couples who married looked for a companionate partnership that would provide a stable living financially since financial stability was often a priority over individual happiness. Fast-forward fifty years, the economic prosperity has turned the United States into an individualistic society, and the lack of connection and chemistry would often be a deal breaker in a romantic relationship. This shift of prevalent love style from companionate partnerships to individualized marriages that stress romantic love can be attributed to women having better access of higher education and becoming economically independent of men, breaking the need for women to depend on a man as the breadwinner of the household. With women becoming financially independent, they are no longer limited to being a homemaker and can pursue the same opportunities that are offered to men. Thus, under the social exchange theory, men are no longer able to offer financial...
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...cultures 2.6 Working-Class Fathers … 2.7 Fathers and the Family Friendly Workplace 2.8 Research Question Chapter Two Literature review The literature relevant to research into fatherhood is diverse and describes some dynamically interactive elements constitutive of the social construction of fatherhood. This chapter provides a summary of those topics considered to be most relevant to the research problem. It begins with a discussion of the significance of the father to the development of children followed by a brief description of the changing role of fatherhood. This is followed by an analysis of gendered parenting roles and the contradictions that exist for men between dominant patriarchal views of fatherhood and those fathering behaviours that are resistant to dominant beliefs. A comparative analysis is provided through the examination of cross-cultural experiences followed by a discussion on oppression and resistance and the relevance of this to working-class men. Finally there is a review of the current literature on the development of Family Friendly Workplace Policy 2.1 Fathers – And a Secure Base Move 1. The importance of attachment to the child leading to the importance of attachment to the father; its impact on the child Theories about the significance of attachment for the mental health of humankind raise the issue of the significance of fathers as care givers and providers of secure attachment...
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...Defining the Research Problem Analysis of Butch Lesbian Mothers in Pop Culture This research makes a contribution to the current scholarship within feminist, gender, and sexuality studies that have previously not been explored in detail. Scholarship on queer parenting is burgeoning, however, it exists in a silo alongside the current literature on pop culture representations and butch lesbian identity, which is largely dated or unexplored. Bridging these fields of study, this unique analysis discursively traces pop culture representations of butch lesbian parents. Specifically, I contribute to the current research in three ways. First, little feminist research has been carried out on motherhood in recent years. There are only a handful of studies...
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...and know one another. This would also help one of them to view the world from the viewpoint of the other. The pattern and frequency of communication change according to several factors especially time and familiarity. Yet, effort towards an effective communication should be present in both the entities involved in the relationship. In this particular case of study these entities are the husband and the wife. The purpose here is to show how the communication between husband and wife helps in shaping their relationship and deciding the direction and outcome of family systems and decision-making. While studying the family structures, we have considered mainly a couple and one child framework (that is a triangle structure) for most of the analysis. At the same time, the paper also involves in studying the different factors, which affect such communication, and how these may influence the entire family orientation and structure. Introduction Communication refers to the exchange of ideas and information among two or more organisms via certain medium or means. Communication may occur with the help of words or through signs and gestures. The idea is to share some message and communication is effective when the message is shared successfully or the thoughts can be transferred to the concerned entity. Communication has become more and more important in the global scenario as the markets have opened up and the notion of competition brings on new challenges. In this fast moving world...
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...the longest enduring relationship of one’s life. Flyod notes, “Friendships are often transitory, and context- specific, marital unions fail nearly as often as they succeed, and relationships with parents or children wax and wane as other commitments interfere.”[22] Families with half-siblings and step-siblings, can experience the same bonds as children from the same parents do. [18] Sibling relationships are pivotal parts of later life and the basis for continued interaction seems to be derived from their shared early life. Sibling research ahs been conducted in many different ways: siblings as teachers, siblings as rivals, and siblings in terms of emotional attachment. [23] Sibling provide companionship, comfort, friendship, affection, intimacy and act as confidants. [24] The closer the relationship between siblings, the more frequent and intimate the communication between them is. Siblings pass milestones and share the future together. They can be there for each other every step of the way. However, sibling competition can induce rivalry which can continue throughout a lifespan....
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...Reducing Sexism: Equality Between Men and Woman November 2015 Introduction Reducing Sexism –Equality Between Men And Woman * #YesAllWomen! Tweets with key words like “gender” and “violence” reveal that equality between men and women is on the minds of many Americans. An inspiring 1,936,516 tweets put this subject in eighth place within the 10 social issues Americans talk the most about on Twitter (Dwyer, 2014). * Average earnings of men almost always exceed the earnings of women in the exact same occupation (Buckley, 2001). According to Statistics Canada, based on data collected from men and women aged 16 and over, men make an average of $68 500, whereas women make an average of only $45,500. Men employment rates are also significantly higher than women (Statistics Canada, 2009). * Sexual violence is a problem for college communities. The National College Women Sexual Victimization study estimates that one in five college women experience completed or attempted rape during their college years. (Fisher, Cullen, & Turner, 2000). Women have always faced significant challenges throughout their lives due to inequality between men and women. Stereotyping, lack of opportunity, pay differences, sexual harassment, gender-based violence and discrimination represent some of these challenges, which ultimately is disempowering women. This disempowerment has numerous consequences for society today. Times have changed and although unlike in the past...
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...Alita Fonseca Balbi “The Less Deceived”: Subjectivity, Gender, Sex and Love in Sylvia Plath's and Philip Larkin's Poetry Belo Horizonte Faculdade de Letras Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 2012 i “The Less Deceived”: Subjectivity, Gender, Sex and Love in Sylvia Plath's and Philip Larkin's Poetry by Alita Fonseca Balbi Submitted to the Programa de Pós-graduação em Letras: Estudos Literários in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Mestre em Literaturas de Expressão Inglesa. Thesis Advisor: Sandra Regina Goulart Almeida, PhD Belo Horizonte Faculdade de Letras Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 2012 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To my father, Tadeu, for always reminding me of the importance of having dreams and being true to them; for motivating me to be creative and to believe in my potential; and for teaching me to seek beauty and happiness in everything I see and do. To my mother, Socorro, for always making sure I enjoy all the possibilities that cross my path, and for reminding me that hard work is the only means to achieve my goals. To my brothers, Bruno and Diego, for being my best friends. To my sister-in-law, Sabrina, for embracing me as family and making me feel at home even when I’m not. To Paulo, for his company, for his love and care, and for all his witty remarks. To the professors of Letras, Julio Jeha, José dos Santos, Eliana Lourenço and Gláucia Renates, for being extraordinary professors, and for all the knowledge each...
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...Understanding Filipino Adolescents: Research Gaps and Challenges JOSEFINA V. CABIGON, PH.D.* ABSTRACT Maiksi subalit masalimuot ang panahon ng kabataan sa buhay ng tao. Ang suliranin ng pagsasaayos sa mga problemang kaakibat nito ay nangangailangan ng ganap na pag-unawa sa kabataang Pilipino ng kasalukuyang panahon. Nais ibahagi ng papel na ito ang pagtutukoy sa mga mahahalagang isyu na karaniwang di natugunan sa mga nauna nang pag-aaral. Ilan sa mga suliraning pampananalikssik ay binigyang pansin at inaasahang mapupunan ang mga puwang na patuloy pa ring naiiwan sa larangan. Ang mga kakulangang nais tugunan ay ang mga sumusunod na usapin: pagkakaisa sa pagpapakahulugan sa konsepto ng “kabataan” at sekswalidad; di-kumpletong datos ukol sa ugnayan ng bilang ng kabataan at bilang ng kabuuang populasyon; antas ng kamalayan ng mga stakeholders at kabataan mismo tungkol sa paglaki ng bilang ng huli; ang pangangailangan ng mga stakeholders ng napapanahon at bagong pagkaunawa tungkol sa antas, mga tagapagtakda, at kahihinatnan ng sekswalidad ng kabataan, pati ng kanilang fertility at reproductive health; at, ang kanilang kamalayan at pakikilahok sa mga gawaing panlipunan. Ilan sa mga rekomendasyon ay ang pagkakaroon ng pambansang sarbey sa mga bagong erya ng pag-aaaral kaakibat ang kwalitatibong pananaliksik, pananaliksik pampatakaran (policy research) at operations research. Ang artikulo ay isang pagtatangka sa paghahanap ng mga pamamaraan upang maimulat sa mga kabataan at sa...
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...Communication Differences and Strategies Understanding communication differences and the strategies to prevent conflict because of these differences is important when establishing relationships. According to Christopher (2008), “men and women have differing frameworks for how they view the world” (p. 1). The following presentation will provide information on types of verbal and nonverbal communication and how communication differs among men and women. Information on some common miscommunications and examples are also included in the presentation. The presentation includes a description of a situation that occurred that involved sexual harassment in the workplace, and recommendations for strategies to prevent this type of hostile conflict in the workplace. Types of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication People communicate verbally and nonverbally. Verbal communication is the exchange of words, for example, face-to-face, by telephone, or via technologies, such as a computer (Engleberg & Wynn, 2011).The language used is also important when communicating verbally. Language refers to the individuals’ ability to express his or her ideas and influence the listener (Engleberg & Wynn, 2011). The content and tone of a verbal message is an indication of the type of relationship between two individuals (Ivy & Backlund, 2008). For example, a simple “hello” to someone in a warm tone of voice conveys a sense of friendship and familiarity, whereas a hollow, perfunctory tone may indicate a more...
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...Introduction Most of the time, physical abuse is not recognize by peoples as a serious problem. Physical abuse occurs when someone physically hurts you, such as by hitting you or throwing something at you. Even if someone only hits you once or doesn't hurt you that badly, it is a big deal. It may be not so serious because it seems they’re not badly hurt, but what the people doesn’t know is they are causing harm, a serious harm to that people they hurt physically.Abuse tends to escalate, putting you at greater risk in the future. Just one incident of being physically hurt by anyone is unacceptable, and you should take steps to stop the abuse. They cause harm in the sense that that even small hurting can cause hidden scars, Hidden scars which are formed by the emotional and psychological wounds. This Hidden scars is manifested by almost all of the people specifically during their teenage years. All parents want a disciplined and well behaved child. However, there are times when a parent loses control or simply has no control over their child. This is when simple parenting crosses the line and becomes emotional abuse. Emotional abuse is elusive. Unlike physical abuse, the people doing it and receiving it may not even know it is happening. It can be more harmful than physical abuse because it can undermine what we think about ourselves. It can cripple all we are meant to be as we allow something untrue to define us. Emotional abuse can happen between parent and child, husband...
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...Sociology & Family Theorizing and Researching 1. Structural Theories a) Materialism & Conflict theory Marx & Engles -changes in family lives reflect material change (ex, the mode of production, industrialization) macro-micro focus -power differences characterize society at all levels (ex, capitalism creates: exploitation of men in the workforce; oppression of women b) Political Economy -assumes the power of the one class over another (social control), capitalist relations of production -a more concentrated focus on how economic and political processes shape society and history and therefore family, families c) Structural Functionalism Parsons & Bales -the social institution of the family - family is seen as a function, and different parts of society helps it move along -the nuclear family performs functions -they saw the families as a main faction, economic support, these functions that happen in nuclear families include economic support -equilibrium, all parts help it work as a whole -hierarchical generations and role specialization within families produces harmony -the different roles that men and women take on, allows the family be a harmony -parsons and bales, gendered perspective on families, families having instrumental roles such as achieving income, feed the family, cloth the family, this would be men 2. Symbolic Interactionism Mead & Cooley - individuals create their own family realities through micro level interactions -from...
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...THEORY SYNTHESIS #3 CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, DOMINGUEZ HILLS PUB 502 SANDRA TAYLOR I. Theories of Organizational Culture and Change Organizational Culture and Change theories were first introduced between the 1950’s and 1960’s, but gained an unsavory reputation in the 1980’s. The origins of this theory came from the realization that U.S. companies and government agencies had lost their competitiveness and agility during the last three decades of the 20th century (Shafritz, Ott, Jang, 2011, pg. 338). This was in addition to the understanding that organizational change required more than structural or functional tweaking but instead that that organizational cultures had to be reformed (Shafritz et al., 2011, pg. 341). Organizational culture is simply the culture that exists in an organization. It is made up of a number of intangible phenomena, such as values, beliefs, assumptions, perception, behavioral norms, artifacts, and patterns of behavior (Shafritz, Ott, Jang, 2011). It is the force behind the organizations activities; culture is to the organization what personality is to the individual, a hidden, yet unifying theme that provides meaning, direction, and mobilization (Shafritz et al., 2011, pg. 338). Thus, in order for an organization to make lasting changes the organization culture must change as well (Shafritz et al., 2011, pg. 338). It is common practice for organizational members to hang onto familiar beliefs, values, and policies and practices even if...
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...Essay #1 - What are the four fields of anthropology and how do they relate to each other and to history, sociology, political science, philosophy and psychology. The four fields are: Physical Anthropology, Archaeology, Linguistic Anthropology, Cultural Anthropology or Ethnology. Anthropology is the study of humankind which can entail uniqueness, racial division, physical characteristics, geographical division and social relations of his or her environment. Anthropologist tries to discover if there are structural similarities and all four subfields bridge the gap between the knowledge and the human race. Physical anthropology is the human adaptation or alteration comes from this research for example genetics and forensics. Archaeologists seek and examine artifacts whether it is trash, historic or prehistoric. Linguistic anthropology is how language is used and acquired in a social network of humans historically from caveman’s to modern language today. Cultural anthropology or ethnology is the study of progressive culture throughout the world. Political Science relates to anthropology is tremendous as modern research is racial divide, customs and habits of man which has helped us the real background and development of the primitive man or woman. The behavior of man is biased by his racial origin and surroundings in which he or she resides. Sociology is the study of human culture or societal relations which relates to our four subfields of anthropology as sociology is part of...
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...Creating a Positive Professional Image |Q&A with: |Laura Morgan Roberts | |Published: |June 20, 2005 | |Author: |Mallory Stark | In today’s diverse workplace, your actions and motives are constantly under scrutiny. It is crucial to manage your own professional image before others do it for you. An interview with Professor Laura Morgan Roberts:- As HBS professor Laura Morgan Roberts sees it, if you aren't managing your own professional image, others are. "People are constantly observing your behavior and forming theories about your competence, character, and commitment, which are rapidly disseminated throughout your workplace," she says. "It is only wise to add your voice in framing others' theories about who you are and what you can accomplish." There are plenty of books telling you how to "dress for success" and control your body language. But keeping on top of your personal traits is only part of the story of managing your professional image, says Roberts. You also belong to a social identity group—African American male, working mother—that brings its own stereotyping from the people you work with, especially in today's diverse workplaces. You can put on a suit and cut your hair to improve your appearance, but how do you manage something like skin color? Roberts will present her research, called "Changing Faces: Professional Image Construction in Diverse Organizational Settings,"...
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...ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praises due to Almighty Allah who enabled me to complete the research work. I am pleased to avail myself of the opportunity to express my deepest sense of respect, sincere appreciation and heartfelt gratefulness to my Anthropology department, to honorable supervisor & teachers who helped me for increasing anthropological insights by their guidance in planning and execution of present research work, suggestions, inspirations, affectionate feelings and constructive criticism through the work. I am very grateful for the support that our seminar librarian has shown by allowing me to take books in case of necessity and within short notice. The support will always be remembered. I am indebted to my parents and my friends for their immense mental support and courage to perceive through all sorts of difficulties until this research work was completed. I really feel proud of my honorable respondents who helped me to collect data in regard of my research title. Their helping mind really impressed me. So, I show my deepest sense of respect to them. My supervisor, I thank you for your guidance that brought me to the end of this work. Your politeness & cordial behavior added encouragement to my work. December, 2014 | Roll No:09203219Registration no: 3552Session: 2008-2009MSS, Department of Anthropology | ABSTRACT Being the main force conditioning human relationship, sex is essentially political. In any social context, the construction of...
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