...TOPIKAL PAPER Social Environment ANALISIS PENGARUH SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT TERHADAP PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN BISNIS HASNUR GROUP Pengajar: Avin Fadilla, M.Si., Dr. Sylvia Kartika Dhamayanti 14/374749/PEK/19866 EKSEKUTIF B ANGKATAN 28 C PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER MANAJEMEN FAKULTAS EKONOMIKA DAN BISNIS UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA JAKARTA 2015 I. PENDAHULUAN 1. Latar Belakang Dalam dunia bisnis, para pelaku bisnis yang terjun di dalamnya tidak dapat menghindari permasalahan ketidakpastian yang bisa ditimbulkan dari berbagai hal. Bisnis sebagai suatu entitas, terbentuk di tengah-tengah lingkungan bisnis, yang secara otomatis akan berusaha beradaptasi dengan lingkungannya melalui cara-caranya dalam bertindak agar dapat diterima. Kemampuan beradaptasi organisasi akan menentukan kesuksesan atau kegagalan suatu bisnis. Salah satu aspek dari lingkungan bisnis adalah lingkungan sosial. Lingkungan sosial mempunyai arti yang sangat penting dalam dunia bisnis. Apabila kondisi lingkungan sosial kondusif (mendukung), maka kondisi tersebut akan mendorong pelaku bisnis untuk melakukan investasi pada lingkungan yang dirasakannya sesuai. Namun jika yang terjadi kondisi sebaliknya, maka organisasi harus lebih berhati-hati dalam mempertimbangkan keputusannya untuk berinvestasi. Lingkungan sosial sangat mempengaruhi seorang pebisnis dalam menciptakan peluang usaha. Pebisnis yang jeli akan melihat peluang bisnis berdasarkan faktor sosial yang ditemukan dalam masyarakat...
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...The general environment includes Demographic Trends, Socio-cultural Forces, Economic Forces, Technological Forces, Political and Legal Forces, Global Forces. All of them effect the business strategic decision. But different forces have different effect influences. For Demographic Trends, the most visible, easily quantifiable and predictable forces. But, surprisingly, not the most thoroughly examined. For examples: The population pyramid (aging trends); increased diversity/immigration; geographic distribution/migration to sun-belt states, etc. In socio-cultural, awareness of and compliance with the values, beliefs, and lifestyles of society can help organizations prepare for the future, and changes in society can create opportunities for and threats to an organization’s growth. Just like Quality of Education; Crime Levels; Foreign Investment levels; Environmental awareness, etc. Economic forces can influence demand for products and services, and the costs of producing / providing them. Such as interest, Inflation, Exchange rates, Tariffs and so on. The technological also cover invention, innovation, basic innovation and technological Forecasting. Invention is an idea with commercial potential. Innovation is An invention that can or will be commercialized. The basic innovation always impact more than one industry and technological forecasting is Monitoring industry trends. For business strategic decision, in political and legal forces, the government can macro-control economy...
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...analysis of the court system. The readings in this area cover the concepts that define law and the thoughts that help shape jurisprudence along with its history. The Federal Court, Supreme Court, and the jurisdiction of the courts are also covered. Constitutional law is covered from the perspective of business. This week also provides an introduction to the various forms of business. Small businesses, entrepreneurs, and general partnerships are explored. You discuss how a corporation is formed and how it can be financed. Finally, you study limited liability companies and limited partnerships, as well as franchises and special forms of business. This week further introduces you to the concept of alternative dispute resolution as a method for resolving disputes outside traditional litigation. After first looking at the litigation process, you are then introduced to arbitration, negotiation, mediation, conciliation, minitrial, fact-finding, and the use of a judicial referee. The Legal System and the Legal Forms of Business OBJECTIVE: Explain the major components of the legal system. Resources: Ch. 1, 2, & 4 of Business Law: Legal Environment, Online Commerce, Business Ethics, and International Issues Content • Ch. 1: Legal Heritage and the Information Age o Introduction to Legal Heritage and the Information Age o What Is Law? • Landmark U.S. Supreme Court Case Brown v. Board of Education o Schools of Jurisprudential Thought ...
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...------------------------------------------------- Chapter 2—The External Environment: Opportunities, Threats, Industry Competition, and Competitor Analysis TRUE/FALSE 1. The health-related concerns in the general environment facing Philip Morris International are part of the physical segment. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 36 OBJ: 02-01 TYPE: comprehension NOT: AACSB: Ethical & Legal understanding | Management: Ethical Responsibilities | Dierdorff & Rubin: Managing the task environment 2. The external environment facing business stays relatively constant over time. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 34-35 OBJ: 02-01 TYPE: comprehension NOT: AACSB: Business Knowledge & Analytical Skills | Management: Environmental Influence | Dierdorff & Rubin: Managing the task environment 3. Demographic, economic, political/legal, sociocultural, technological, global, and physical are the seven elements comprising the industry environment. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: 38 (Table 2.1) OBJ: 02-02 TYPE: knowledge NOT: AACSB: Business Knowledge & Analytical Skills | Management: Environmental Influence | Dierdorff & Rubin: Managing the task environment 4. Firms can directly control the elements of the seven segments of the general environment. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 37 OBJ: 02-01 TYPE: comprehension NOT: AACSB: Business Knowledge & Analytical Skills | Management:...
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...Table of Contents Introduction 2 External Environment: laying the foundations 2 Task Environment 3 General Environment 4 Non-Profit vs. For-Profit: perspectives on competition 5 Environment Characteristics 6 Opportunity or Threat? 8 Conclusion 8 References 10 Introduction “No organization can exist in a vacuum” (“Key forces in the external environment, Chapter 3”, n.d.). To a certain extent all types of organisations; whether private or public services, governmental bodies or charitable groups, are subject to and influenced by specific environmental factors. In this day and age with many existing classes of organisations utilising different approaches to management, there is a feasible assumption that a common change in the organisational environment may likely affect two separate organisations diversely. This response will identify how the environment directly impacts organisations, in relation to leadership roles and organisational performance. For the purpose of comparison, the point of focus will revolve around two major classes of organisations namely; ‘profitable’ verses ‘not-for-profit’ groups. The primary aim of this paper is to construct a foundational view of the external environment from a manager’s perspective. Theoretical key principles discussed will attempt to identify with the following statement - “In comparison to profitable groups; not-for-profit groups possess a different...
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...The Macro Environment factors are: 1) Demographic Environment 2) Economic Structural Environment 3) Technological Environment 4) Political Environment MACRO-ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS A business and its forces in its micro environment operate in larger macro environment of forces that shape opportunities and pose threats to the business. It refers the major external and uncontrollable factors that influence an organization's decision making, and affect its performance and strategies. These factors include the economic factors; demographics; legal, political, and social conditions; technological changes; and natural forces. The important environmental factors are; (1) Economic Environment (2) Political and Governmental Environment (3) Socio-cultural Environment (4) Natural Environment (5) Demographic Environment (6) Technological Environment (7) International Environment. 1. Economic Environment: - Economic environment of business has reference to the board characteristics of the economic system in which the business operates. The business sector has economic relation with the government, capital market; household sector and global sector. These sectors together influence the trends and structure of the economy. The form and functioning of the economy vary widely. The importance external factors that affect the economic environment of a business are; (i) Economic Conditions: - The general Economic conditions prevailing in the country viz. national income, per capita...
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...Analysis of Cathay Pacific Airlines General Environment Cathay Pacific was established in 1946 and is now the largest airline company in Hong Kong. It operates both passenger services and cargo services and operates in more than 30 countries throughout Asia, the Pacific, the Middle East, Africa, Europe and North America to more than 80 destinations. From Hong Kong, where its headquarter is based, Cathay operates 36 of their destinations in the Asia-Pacific region. Therefore the general environment in especially Hong Kong and the rest of the Asia-pacific region has an effect on Cathay Pacifics business procedure. The general environment is composed of factors that can have dramatic effects on a firm’s strategy and events and changes in the general environment can he hard to predict and even harder to control (Dess et al. 2012, p.87). The demographic segment of the general environment is the genetic and observable characteristics of a population (Dess et al. 2012, p. 87). Hong Kong’s population was in 2009 7.03 million. About 95% of the population are of Chinese descent. The majority are Taishanese, Chiu Chow, other Cantonese people, and Hakka. The remaining 5% of the population is non-ethnic Chinese people and consists of a South Asian population of Indians, Pakistanis, Neplaese, Vietnamese refugees, Europeans, Americans, Japanese and Koreans. This means that the population of Hong Kong consists of many different nationalities and in addition Hong Kong is one of the most...
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...Task and General Environment TASK ENVIRONMENT: It is a kind of external environment.It is closer to the organization and includes the sectors that conduct day-to-day transactions with the organization and directly influence its basic organization and performance. GENERAL AND TASK ENVIRONMENT: You can distinguish between the differences of the general environment and the task environment as although they have similar features in business they are not the same. This is because the general environment can affect anyone in an industry, whereas the task environment also includes sectors that the organization interacts directly to make a direct impact on the organization's capability to reach its goals through its operations and performance. This task environment normally includes the industry, competitors and the customers, while it sometimes includes techniques of production, suppliers, raw materials and market sectors. Some organizations will also have human resources and the international sector as part of this environment. It is where a company operates within the second sub environment that actually lies outside of the business. It is affected by the variables in the market environment and these affect the business, making it important for the management to react on opportunities and pressure in the market environment; whereas the general environment is the layer of the external environment that will only affect the organization indirectly. It is the one...
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...External Environment Table of Contents Introduction 2 External Environment: laying the foundations 2 Task Environment 3 General Environment 4 Non-Profit vs. For-Profit: perspectives on competition 5 Environment Characteristics 6 Opportunity or Threat? 8 Conclusion 8 References 10 Introduction “No organization can exist in a vacuum” (“Key forces in the external environment, Chapter 3”, n.d.). To a certain extent all types of organisations; whether private or public services, governmental bodies or charitable groups, are subject to and influenced by specific environmental factors. In this day and age with many existing classes of organisations utilising different approaches to management, there is a feasible assumption that a common change in the organisational environment may likely affect two separate organisations diversely. This response will identify how the environment directly impacts organisations, in relation to leadership roles and organisational performance. For the purpose of comparison, the point of focus will revolve around two major classes of organisations namely; ‘profitable’ verses ‘not-for-profit’ groups. The primary aim of this paper is to construct a foundational view of the external environment from a manager’s perspective. Theoretical key principles discussed will attempt to identify with the following statement - “In comparison to profitable groups; not-for-profit groups possess a different degree of vulnerability...
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...Henry: Understanding Strategic Management The General & Competitive Environment (Slides based on Chapters 2 and 3) Key concepts we will cover: • Analysing the General Environment – PEST analysis – Risk & Scenario Planning • Analysing the Competitive Environment – Porter’s 5 Forces model – Porter’s Strategic Group Analysis – Hypercompetition The General Environment • The external environment facing the organization consists of: • General environment • Competitive environment • The changes that occur in the general environment transcend organizations and industries • The competitive environment consists of the industry and markets in which an organization competes Some Interactions Between Businesses & Their Environment Customers Shareholders & Creditors National & Local Governments Media Suppliers Competitors Business Support Groups Wholesalers Public Opinion The Organisation Foreign Governments Social Activist Groups Local Communities Employees Adapted from K Davis & W C Frederick “Business and Society: Management, Public Policy, Ethics”, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1984 The General Environment • The figure shows the relationship between the organization and its external environment • Other things being equal, it is the competitive environment that has the greatest impact on the organization Figure 2.1 The General Environment • PEST analysis is useful for scanning the general environment • PEST is political, economic, social, and...
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...TASK ENVIRONMENT: It is a kind of external environment.It is closer to the organization and includes the sectors that conduct day-to-day transactions with the organization and directly influence its basic organization and performance. GENERAL AND TASK ENVIRONMENT: You can distinguish between the differences of the general environment and the task environment as although they have similar features in business they are not the same. This is because the general environment can affect anyone in an industry, whereas the task environment also includes sectors that the organization interacts directly to make a direct impact on the organization's capability to reach its goals through its operations and performance. This task environment normally includes the industry, competitors and the customers, while it sometimes includes techniques of production, suppliers, raw materials and market sectors. Some organizations will also have human resources and the international sector as part of this environment. It is where a company operates within the second sub environment that actually lies outside of the business. It is affected by the variables in the market environment and these affect the business, making it important for the management to react on opportunities and pressure in the market environment; whereas the general environment is the layer of the external environment that will only affect the organization indirectly. It is the one that is furthest away from the...
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...Technological - the categories into which a compound business environment is broken up for analytical ease. It is a strategic planning tool for gaging the various factors in a potential business environment to estimate its suitability for the enterprise at hand. Therefore, let's take a look at all these building blocks of a business environment separately. Political environmentrefers to all those things pertaining to and perpetrated by the government that affect the economy and business scenario in general. Government regulations and policies that impact the business environment the most may include trade and labor laws, tax policies, environmental laws and regulations, trade restrictions, commercial tariffs, infrastructure and development policies, etc. The degree of political stability also has a huge impact upon business environment and the economy in general. Economic environmentrefers mostly to the macroeconomic factors as these factors may have a high impact upon the business environment but a firm does not have any control over them. The most it can do is modify its business strategies and various commercial and financial policies accordingly to make the most of the economic situation at hand. These economic factors may include the currency exchange rate, interest rate, economic growth rate, rate of inflation, etc. Social environmentrefers to the social, religious and cultural aspects of the business environment that may be affected by, and may react to, the firm's...
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...2 2.1 The General Environment The General Environment 2.2 Scanning, Monitoring, and Forecasting Changes in the Environment 2.3 Scenario Planning 2.4 PEST Analysis 2.5 SWOT Analysis 2.6 The General and the Competitive Environments Key Work Strategic decision making under conditions of uncertainty Key Work Strategic inflection points and their impact on strategy Tools and Techniques Writing a PEST analysis Tools and Techniques Undertaking scenario planning ➜ Main Reference Schoemaker, P.J.H. (1995). Scenario planning: a tool for strategic thinking. Sloan Management Review, 36(2), 25. Learning Objectives After completing this chapter you should be able to: • Define what constitutes the general environment • Evaluate the role of scanning and monitoring in detecting environmental trends • Apply scenario planning to decision making in uncertain environments • Evaluate PEST as a framework for analysing the macro-environment • Explain the use of SWOT analysis • Evaluate the relationship between the general and the competitive environment 37 Introduction In the previous chapter we looked at what strategy is and introduced a number of different perspectives on strategy formulation. We addressed the importance of values in determining why an organization exists, and looked at how an organization’s values, its vision, and its mission guide individuals’ behaviour by signposting what is important to the organization. We explained the importance...
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...Introduction Business/organizations are influenced by various external factors and these influences greatly determine weather that particular business can be successful and function well in society. These influences can be viewed as the general environment. However, what really is General environment? The General Environment is the layer of the external factors or events that affects an Organization. This environment consists of the International, Technological, Sociocultural, Economic and legal-Political trends. The international Dimension is an aspect of the external environment that represents events originating in foreign countries, as well as opportunities for local companies in other countries. We live in a technological advances world. In that case, the technological dimension of the general environment allows the scientific and technological advancement in the industry and society at large. Following next in line is Sociocultural. It represents the demographic characteristics, norms, customs and values of the population within which the organization operates. Whereas, the Economic Dimension is refers to the overall economic health of the country or region in which the organization operates in the general environment. Lastly, there is the Legal-Political Dimension of the general environment that includes federal and local government regulations and political activities designed to influence company behavior. However, In the British Virgin Islands, the Government is undertaking...
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...first thing that I noticed is that the external environment for which Waste Management, Inc. operates in is changing drastically and in many ways. The other thing I saw is that the internal environment of the company is not adapting at all to the changes in the external environment, and that is where the company’s problem lies. Waste Management, Inc. needs to use environmental scanning to its advantage, rather than seeing the problems and doing nothing to fix them. Had Waste Management, Inc. used some sort of environmental scanning to look into the current and future state of their business, they may have noticed some major problems in the environments they were dealing with. In the internal environment the biggest issues are with the Executive Board, the company’s employees, and the company culture. As mentioned in the article the CEO is really trying to listen to suggestions in order to help the company succeed long term, but the rest of the executive team is weary of changes and believes that what they are doing is the right way to run the business. This thought process trickles down from the leaders to all of the other employees and therefore shapes the culture of the company. According to the article, the culture of Waste Management, Inc. is based around the idea that burying waste is the only way to handle it and the company has built its entire infrastructure around that idea. Unfortunately for them, the external environment is changing in a way that does not mesh well with...
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