...Muhammad Ali ( Cassius Marcellus Clay) Muhammad Ali whose real name was Cassius Marcellus Clay, was born on January 17, 1942 in Louisville, Kentucky to Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr. who painted billboards and signs, and his mother, Odessa Grady Clay, who was a household domestic. Although Clay Sr. was a Methodist, he allowed Odessa to bring up both Clay boys as Baptists. He started boxing in junior high, when he learned boxing from a policeman at a local gym. By the time that Ali had reached high school, he already intended to be a prizefighter and hoped to box in the Olympics. Ali dropped out of Louisville Central High, a local basketball power, finishing 369th of 391 seniors in the class of 1960, and often traveling to fight on weekends. As an amateur boxer, Ali attracted notice in 1960 by winning the Amateur Athletic Union light heavyweight and Golden Gloves heavyweight championships. At the Rome Olympics in 1960, Ali crushed his opponents to win a gold medal in the light heavyweight division. After turning pro, Ali defeated his first opponents. Then on February 25th 1964, he fought, and knocked out, Sonny Liston in seven rounds, thus becoming the new heavyweight world champion. Ali defended his title nine times from 1965 to 1967 and became universally recognized as world heavyweight champion after knocking out World Boxing Association (WBA) champion Ernie Terrell in fifteen rounds on February 6th 1967. Ali often showed of his greatness by saying, "I am the greatest!"...
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...work Fayol displayed his hypothesis of administration, known as Fayolism. Before that Fayol had composed a few articles on mining designing, beginning in the 1870s, and some preparatory papers on organization. Fayol's work was one of the primary far reaching explanations of a general hypothesis of administration. He recommended that there were five essential elements of administration and fourteen standards of...
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...Faculty of Management and Economics, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. **Faculty of management, JIMT, Radaur, India. ABSTRACT Pinnacle Research Journals 59 http://www.pinnaclejournals.com This paper attempts to demonstrate the important linkage between internal marketing (IM) and human resource management (HRM). As a result, first of all, the present paper reviews the relevant literature about IM. In the next step, the elements of IM are introduced. Then, the main objectives of IM are clarified. Further, the relevant literature of HRM and the link between IM and HRM are described. Thereafter, by proposing a model, this paper illustrates the linkage between IM and HRM which leads to firm’s superior performance. This paper states that Marketing and Human Resource management departments should be aligned and integrated with each other. In other words, it is necessary, to have a market-oriented HR managers in order to make an impact on the success of an organization. HR managers should apply the same strategies that marketing managers use to promote products and services outside the organization. Therefore, the tools that are widely used in the external environment (e.g., market research, segmentation and targeting) could be employed internally to motivate the employees. KEYWORDS: Internal Marketing, Human Resource Management. ________...
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...Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Importance of The Psychological Contract 3 3.0 Changes 5 4.0 Commitment 6 5.0 Violations 6 6.0 Conclusion 7 7.0 Bibliography 8 Discuss The Meaning of the term Psychological Contract and Consider Whether the Concept is Important for Organisations Today 1.0 Introduction This paper examines the psychological contract and the interchanging relationship between the employee and the organisation. The researcher will discuss the “old” and the “new” psychological contract, along with the importance of the contract itself using the literature of experts in this field. Finally we will look at the changes that have taken place before concluding with violations of the contract itself. The term psychological contract has been around since the 1960s and ever since then there has been many definitions. Roehling (1997) credits Argyris with introducing the term psychological contract. He referred to the relationship between the employee and the foreman suggesting that this relationship had a stronger influence on attitudes and performance of employees than that of their actual written contract. This theory was further developed by respected authors such as Sparrow and Schein. Armstrong (2006) quotes Scheins definition as “the notion of a psychological contract implies that there is an unwritten set of expectations operating at all times between every member...
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...thomas a . meyer How Great companies Get Started in terrible times Innovate! Innovate! How Great Companies Get Started in Terrible Times THOMAS A. MEYER John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright © 2010 by Thomas A. Meyer. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose...
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...Society: Through the View of Many People African-Americans, Whites, Asians, Indians, Chinese, Japanese, and etc…They are all classified as ethnicities, that are judged every day in some shape or form. From day one to now I’ve learned more through the class of “Black World Studies” taught by Professor Coates. Coates gave me the intelligent insight on how Africans-Americans were able to succeed through the tough times of learning even when they could die from learning how to read. It was a sacrifice the slaves had to do that the time. When I read more articles and watched more movies, it showed determination, courage, heart, and attitude. When reading, it switched to a period of slavery to a period of the Civil War. After that I came to an author named Jared Diamond that gave his view on the world of slavery. In the article “How Africa Became Black” by Jared Diamond he argues that diversity resulted from the geography of Africa. Africa is home to five major human groups, blacks, whites, African Pygmies, Khoisan, and Asians. Thirty percent of the world’s language is in Africa. But as the years goes on were losing about 2 per week. Soon as the world gets older there wouldn’t be any languages in Africa. As race continues to grow in Africa there will be different types of languages being made and the previous groups (ethnic groups of language) wouldn’t exist anymore. As said in paragraph 8 of “How Africa Became Black” races are stereotyping, from Black to White, to putting the Zulu...
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...Walter Long The Nuclear Tube Assembly Room was a production unit of the American Radiatronics Co., a leader in the nuclear electronics industry. The company's regular line of electronic tubes was assembled, tested, and prepared for shipment in the nuclear tube assembly room. Walter Long, general foreman of the process department, described the tube room group as the most successful. Exhibit 1 is a partial organization chart. Prior to Long's assuming the leadership of the department some 24 months earlier, the workers in the room had acquired the reputation of being agitators, persistent troublemakers. Production was down, costs were out of hand, and deliveries became very unpredictable. Some thought was given to eliminating the entire operation. A report prepared by the director of industrial relations at the time, which described the existing problem, is presented in Ex. 2. Over the past 24 months the story is quite different. During the most recent three-month period the tube room's direct and allocated monthly costs averaged $60,350, while the actual sales value of the room's monthly production for the same three months averaged $175,800. Indirect costs were allocated to the department at a rate 425% of direct labor costs. A special management report presented some additional figures of interest. Between January of the previous year and March of the present year, the group had shown a 53% improvement in the dollar output of product per man-hour of work, direct labor efficiency...
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...BUSINESS ASSIGNMENT on Motivation Introduction The word motivation came from Latin word “movere” which means push to action, (Source). Motivation is giving people the desire and energy to make an effort to reach their goal such as a job. There are a numbers of motivational theories and this assignment will look at how intrinsic and extrinsic motivators can affect employee’s motivation. Business will motivate their staff to achieve objectives in order for the company to reach their aims. However workers are motivated by different things, therefore this assignment will start with explaining and discussing motivational basic psychological triggers and the main initial theorists: F.W. Taylor (1856-1917), Elton Mayo (1880-1949), Maslow (1908-1970), Herzberg (1923-2000). Motivation We learn not only because we want to learn for satisfaction of learning but also because we are rewarded for learning and it enables us to achieve other things that we want, starting with food, a home and to some extent safety as well as status and self-esteem. Psychologists have come to separate between two main categories of motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic: Intrinsic motivation takes place when someone gets satisfaction from an activity itself without threats or rewards from external factors or influences. Intrinsic motivation is only due to the person’s desire or will to participate in a task without any promise of a reward. A good example will be “A student's intrinsic interest in schooling...
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...pseudonym name Linda Brent. It was under this name the text was published. In later years, her text has been viewed as an important text, speaking truth to the ears of sentimental novel readers in the north, and calling for action against the cruel institution of slavery. Employed as a teacher by Pace University in 1968, Jean Fagan Yellin wrote and published her dissertation. While re-reading Incidents in the 1970s as part of the project and to educate herself in the use of gender as a category of analysis, Yellin became interested in the question of the text's true authorship. Over the next six-years, Yellin found and used historical documents including the Amy Post papers at the University of Rochester (Post was a close friend of Jacobs), state and local historical societies, and the Horniblow and Norcum papers at the North Carolina state archives, to establish both that Harriet Jacobs was the true author of Incidents, and that the narrative was her autobiography. Her edition...
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...geisha’s what comes to mind are women dressed in bright clothing culture clothing, white painted faces and a dainty walk. What we don’t consider is the lack of emotion, strict code of silence and secrecy. Geisha, just like prostitutes are trained to have a strict code of silence and protectiveness toward their clients. Elderly geisha could be considered Madams, who provided training to new recruits. Over the centuries, elderly geisha have also developed a deeply routed tradition of secrecy. Elderly women behind the mask have fulfilled a destiny rooted in Japanese history. Although associated with prostitution, many modern day women continue to seek this tradition. My research however, revealed contradictory information on whether or not geisha were actually prostitutes. The majority of my research material stated geisha actually started as men jesters and musicians who entertained in brothels. This continued until 1751 when the first document record of female geisha appeared. Most documented material on geisha treated them as images of lovely passive girls whose purpose was solely in male entertainment and pleasure or as prostitutes or courtesans. During the time period of 1751 it was not uncommon for actors to double as prostitutes. It was also not uncommon for Meiji government officials to select geisha for their wives. It is still said that geisha inhabit a separate reality which they call the karyūkai or "the flower and willow world." Before they disappeared...
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...scientific management. It was characterized by advancing technology, market growth, labor unrest, and a lack of knowledge about management, industry in the United States was ripe for methods, systems, and better ways to produce and market products. To meet this need, Taylor provided a voice. Taylor's book 'Shop Management' provided the text for the teaching of industrial management to a growing body of college students who sought positions in industry. Frederick Taylor’s theory focuses on individual worker-machine relationships in manufacturing plants, while Henri Fayol focuses on the top managers and their actions. This is the basic difference that Taylor reviewed the organization from the bottom and Fayol view it from the top (George, 1968). Frederick Taylor’s scientific management theory analyzed work using scientific methods to determine the one best way to...
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...electronic, manual, photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. Book Team Editor-in-Chief: James S. Pennypacker Book Designer: Michelle Owen Copyeditor: Toni D. Knott Copyeditor: Amy Goretsb Copyeditor: Mark S.Parker Cover design by: James S. Pennypacker and Dewey Messer Production Coordinator: Mark S. Parker Acquisitions Editor: Bobby R. Hensley PMI books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please write to the Business Manager, PMI Publishing Division, 40 Colonial Square, Sylva, NC 28779. Or contact your local bookstore. The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (239.48-1984). Table of Contents Acknowledgments Preface viii vii Chapter One: Planning 1 The Benfield Column Repair Project 5 Food Waste Composting at Larry's Markets 15 W W g the Sydney to Hobart: A Case Study in Project Management 17 Kodak's New Focus 29 Managing Kuwait Oil Fields Reconstruction Projects 39 Managing Resources and Communicating Results of Sydney's $7 Billion...
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...QUALITY MANAGEMENT: AN INTERNAL MARKETING PERSPECTIVE Principal Author Prof. Dr. Zahid Mahmood Department of Management Sciences BahriaUniversity, Naval Complex, Sector E-9, Islamabad, Pakistan Cell: +92-300-5301240 Office: +92-51-9260002 Ext. 260 zahid@bahria.edu.pk Biographical Note: Dr. Zahid Mahmood is a Professor of Total Quality Management at Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan. He has published numerous articles and books. His papers have received world wide acclamation. He holds M.Com from the University of Punjab, Pakistan, MBA from the University of Wollongong NSW and PhD from University of Western Sydney Australia. Corresponding Author & Co-Author Sobia Mahmood PhD Scholar & Research Asistant Department of Management Sciences BahriaUniversity, Naval Complex, Sector E-9, Islamabad, Pakistan Cell: 0321-5342940 Office: +92-51-9260002 Ext. 260 sobia.mahmood1@gmail.com; sobia.mahmood@bahria .edu.pk Biographical Note: Sobia Mahmood is a Research Assistant & Visiting Faculty at Bahria University, Pakistan. At present, she is a PhD scholar at Bahria University, Pakistan. She has published numerous articles on Management. She holds MBA from University of Arid Agriculture, Pakistan, MEd & BEd from Allama Iqbal Open University, Pakistan and MS from SZABIST, Pakistan. Co-Author Muhammad Ayub Siddiqui PhD Scholar & Asistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences BahriaUniversity, Naval Complex, Sector E-9, Islamabad...
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...2013 Internal Marketing & Internal Customer Satisfaction Professor: Dr. Ma’moun Akroush Marketing Research Project 19/05/2013 Team Members: Dafi Jaradat Essam Quza Hazem Haddadin Rebecca Odeh Thuraya Talib Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 2 Introduction............................................................................................................................ 3 Problem Definition and Research Questions ............................................................................... 5 Problem Definition ............................................................................................................... 5 Research Questions.............................................................................................................. 5 Research Objectives ............................................................................................................. 5 Literature Review .................................................................................................................... 6 Internal Marketing ............................................................................................................... 6 Employee Satisfaction .......................................................................................................... 9 Employee Retention and Organizational Commitment ................................
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...staple manufacture. (Marshall Library Archive, Red Box 1) 1. Introduction In 1911, in America, F.W. Taylor published his famous book, Principles of Scientific Management, in which new principles of industrial organization are suggested and the advantages of an extreme division of labour and mechanization are stressed. Taylor’s theory of scientific management played a very important role in shaping the early twentieth century factory system, both in America and in Address for correspondence University of Padua, Italy; e-mail: katia.caldari@unipd.it * An earlier draft of this paper was presented at the History of Economics Society’s Annual Meeting, 4 – 7 July 2003, Duke University, Durham. I would like to thank all the participants to my section for their helpful comments, in particular James Henderson, Mary Morgan, Michel Que ´ and Malcolm Rutherford. For further ´re revision of my paper, I wish to acknowledge the valuable suggestions and comments of Giacomo Becattini and Tiziano Raffaelli. Particular thanks to this journal’s anonymous referees for their valuable advice. Any remaining errors of interpretations are, of course, my own responsibility. The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought ISSN 0967-2567 print/ISSN...
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