...Phnom and Mesang Districts of Prey Veng Province, Cambodia under the OPTIONS Program Combating Child Trafficking and Exploitation through Education by Richard Geeves (VIAfilm) World Education UNICEF 28 September 2007 1 CONTENTS Tables 3 Links to documentary video 4 Acronyms 5 Foreword 7 A note on the OPTIONS evaluation report and documentary video Executive Summary 8 1. General background, evaluation method and coverage 18 2. Identification of vulnerable children 25 3. Improved formal education opportunities 29 Scholarships, Life skills, Student Support Network, Improved quality of teaching and learning, improved professional support to teachers 4. Improved non-formal education opportunities 43 School re-entry, My Better Future, NFE programs for out-of-school youth 5. Tracking and follow up of vulnerable children 52 Formal education, Non-formal education, Referral children 6. Impact on children and their families 56 Impact on children, Impact on families 7. Impact on communities, society and local institutions 60 Community attitudes to girls and education, child protection, Commune Councils, CEFAC/CWCCs 8. Capacity building, Cost effectiveness, Advocacy, Accountability/feedback, Sustainability 65 9. Findings and recommendations 73 Interviews and observations conducted 81 References 83 Attachments Attachment 1 Attachment 2 Attachment 3 Attachment...
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...For my middle childhood observation I chose a 10 year old female by the name of Mycah Landry. Just to give you a bit of a background, Mycah attends a magnet school and makes straight A’s. She is a very smart young girl. We will start off by comparing Mycah’s physical development to that of Berger’s in the text. As documented in the text “Unlike infants or adolescents, school-age children’s growth is slow and steady. Self-care is easy –from brushing their new adult teeth to dressing themselves, from making their own lunch to walking to school. In these middle years, children depend less on their families and do not yet need to cope with the body changes and impulses of adolescence. Muscles become steadily stronger.” From my observation I gathered that Mycah is a very independent individual. She is the middle child, and the only girl so she has a nurturing side to her and wants to take care of both of her brothers. She is able to dress herself, clean, and cook simple meals. Berger goes on to discuss health problems in middle childhood. Asthma was one of the topics covered in the text and coincidently, Mycah has suffered from asthma. Simply put, asthma can be defined as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that makes breathing difficult. Of course she uses an inhaler as needed to cope with her asthma, but according to her parents she also had to get steroid injections at one point because her asthma attacks would become more frequent. Now that her asthma is under control...
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...http://www.nhs.uk/news/2015/01January/Pages/Child-obesity-rates-are-stabilising.aspx Child obesity rates are 'stabilising' Friday January 30 2015 | Obese children tend to grow up to be obese adults | 1 | "The rise in childhood obesity … may be beginning to level off," BBC News reports. Researchers examined trends in child and adolescent rates of overweight and obesity using electronic GP records from 1994 to 2013. The data shows there was a significant increase in child and adolescent overweight and obesity rates every year during the first decade from 1994 to 2003. Overall, annual rates did not increase significantly during the second decade, 2004 to 2013.However, when split by age category, the results showed there was still a significant upward trend in overweight and obesity rates for the oldest age group (11 to 15 years) – albeit with less of an increase than there was in the first decade. At its maximum in recent years, overweight and obesity has affected almost two-fifths of adolescents in this age group.As the researchers used GP records, it is possible children who have problems with their weight and were assessed by their GP are over-represented. This could then lead to an overestimate of prevalence. However, it is hard to think of another method of analysis that would provide a more reliable estimate.While it is encouraging to see that the child obesity epidemic is not getting worse, there are also no clear signs as yet that it's getting any better. Underlying...
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...Final Paper Aggression in the Human Society The topic I have chosen is aggression. I want to try to show that everyone can be affected by aggression. I want to show the different stimuli that will bring anger out in people thus causing them to have aggressive behavior. I want to discuss the different types of aggressive behavior as well as who else can be affected by aggressive behavior besides the victim. I have been a victim of aggressive behavior which is the reason I picked this topic. I want to try to understand the causes behind the behavior. Understanding from my own experiences the aggressor may know the victim in one of many different roles; such as, and intimate partner, a family member, a close friend, or they could be a stranger. Aggression is an attacking, hostile behavior by one person toward another person with the intention of causing pain or doing harm. Aggression is usually thought of as physical acts against another person. However, verbal assaults meant to cause psychological harm are also considered acts of aggression (FAQs, 2013). Direct aggression is the physical act of attacking someone; indirect aggression can be overt or covert. While indirect aggression may be less passive it can cause just as much pain and harm to an individual as direct aggression. Indirect aggression is a behind-the-back behavior that reduces the chances for retaliation by the victim (Archer, 2005). Aggression may be considered as a hostile act or as an instrumental...
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...gestures, materials of sexual nature etc. a unwanted attention either by touching or talking to a reasonable person in a way he/she does not like, consider that a sexual harassment. this seminars helps a lot for us specially for the young ages, sexual harassment based on sexual orientation and sexual abuse, it’s either boy/boy and girl/girl, it doesn’t matter, sexual harassment is for all, either it’s a child, teens, old, if she/he is doing is not welcome or didn’t like is consider sexual harassment, in short the harasser force you to let them do that. The speaker tells us the different kinds of harassment. it also may do in “speaking” or conversation, so be careful especially girls, and based on my research, the women are prone to harassment, in UK 60% of females at work and 90% of female undergraduates experiences sexual harassment, not only in my research, also in my observation in our country (PH), but if you let them do it “it’s not an sexual harassment”, it’s you choice. In our culture harassment is not new, it’s common already. All of these the reason why do they don’t report, maybe it’s because they feel hopeless, powerless, they don’t know how report of harassment maybe they are shock of what happened, they don’t think their friends will support them, and lastly maybe they are afraid of the harasser because it’s usually manifest itself with the symptoms of high stress, depress, and anxiety. Sexual harassment is a form of discrimination that violates, all I can that say in...
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...major and Psychology minor when she wrote this Observation Report in Spring of 2003]. Observation Report Amber Hodges Introduction Siefert et. al describe children’s play as intrinsically motivated, process oriented, creative and nonliteral, governed by implicit rules, spontaneous and self-initiated, and free from major emotional distress(1997 p. 221-222). For example, the rules of a made-up game that children play cannot be discerned from a rulebook that stands independently of the activity; rather, one can discern rules by either observing or being actively involved in the play process. For children, play is the arena where they ultimately control what is going on, through communication and negotiation with each other, and as such, it is an arena where they are able to gain mastery over problems in their life, learn adult skills and roles, and further develop cognitive abilities (Siefert 1997). But, often times, children do not have complete hold over their environments. They can’t shape what and how they play through their own design. Wardle introduces the concept of an environmental press, “the forces at work in a setting which shape the behavior of people in that setting” (1999 p. 245). One principle of the environmental press is that of progressive conformity, where people’s behavior tends to become congruent with the press of the environment. Accordingly, the environment that a child plays in shapes the way that the child plays. Wide spaces encourage the use of gross-motor...
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...Child Development Observation Ashlene Pillay 3212715 Athabasca University PSYC 228 Introduction to Human Development March 8, 2016 Introduction Naturalistic observation is a “measurement strategy that involves directly watching and coding behaviors.” (26) Naturalistic study is a general research strategy used by developmental scientists, “typically during childhood but also with impaired adults.”(27) Naturalistic studies are conducted in order to watch the behaviors of people, as they exist their natural environment, with no attempts at intervention from the investigator. There are no attempts of intervention so that the situation is not manipulated or controlled by the investigator, and so the situation is not initiated or created by the investigator. Naturalistic observations are useful as they allow the observation of behavior exactly as it occurs in the real world. Naturalistic studies are also useful as they can help to establish the external validity of the research findings. If behavior is seen to be present in real life, it’s easier to say that the results from the study extend to the general population and that the conclusions drawn from the sampling of behavior also describe people outside of the sample. It can also be useful for researchers to study situations and variables that cannot be manipulated in a lab due to ethical concerns. For example, while it would be unethical to study the effects of a school shooting by actually causing the event to occur...
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...Critique on Autism, Attachment and Parenting Jennifer L. York Liberty University AUTISM, ATTACHMENT AND PARENTING 2 Abstract This paper examines Rutgers et al.’s research article regarding autism, attachment and parenting. It is a comparison of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Mental Retardation (MR), Language Disorder (LD), and non-clinical children. This article addressed the issues of autism, attachment security, and parenting among the clinical and non-clinical groups. The author’s attachment security research was conducted using a variety of both screening questionnaires, and several parental self-report questionnaires assessing their parenting styles, parental efficacy, experiences of daily hassles, social support and psychological problems. Through the use of these questionnaires, observations by pediatric psychologists, and a follow-up at approximately four years of age, it was demonstrated that the children with ASD were rated less securely attached than both other clinical and non-clinical groups. Also, the parents of children with ASD reported a less authoritative parenting style and felt they received less social support than the parents of non-clinical children. This paper will delve deeper into their research and consider the results as it applies to the discipline. AUTISM, ATTACHMENT AND PARENTING 3 Article Critique on Autism, Attachment and Parenting The purpose of Rutgers et al.’s research on...
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...Differences in Cognitive and Executive Functioning between Autistic and Typically Developing Individuals Julie Sackett The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore the differences in cognitive and executive functioning between autistic and typically developing (TD) children. The articles used assess different forms of cognitive function and executive function. It is hypothesized that individuals with autism will show impairments in executive function, prospective memory, inhibitory function, cognition, sensory-motor, and language when compared to TD individuals. Multiple measures were used to assess participant’s abilities with working memory, executive function, development, memory, awareness, and cognitive function; some of these measures were self-reported. One study by Rosenthal et al. (2013) found that older children with autism spectrum disorder show executive function impairments with age, meaning that different impairments are noticeable at different ages. In contrast, Iwanaga et al. (2000) found differences in cognitive function between Asperger’s syndrome and high functioning autism. The results of some studies found specific impairments are related to age. The findings from these studies suggest that children with autism show executive and cognitive function impairments, have difficulties with prospective memory, and show lack of awareness; children with autism are unfamiliar with familiarity. Differences in Cognitive...
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...Terese Wilhelmsen Master’s thesis PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF CHILDREN Exploring how intergenerational transfer of habitus frame boys and girls opportunity to generate and negotiate physical activity within their everyday life. NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management Department of Sociology and Political Science Master’s thesis in Sport Science Trondheim, January 2012 Terese Wilhelmsen PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF CHILDREN Exploring how intergenerational transfer of habitus frame boys and girls opportunity to generate and negotiate physical activity within their everyday life. Master in Sport Science Department of Sociology and Political Science Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU Trondheim, Norway. 1 ABSTRACT Several indicators of social background and gender expectations are found to have an important impact on children’s physical activity patterns, yet few studies have explored intergenerational transfer of habitus through the use of triangulation of methods. The aim of this study is to explore how intergenerational transfer of habitus frames children’s opportunit to generate and negotiate physical activity in their everyday life. This is done by examining the relationship between children’s physical activity pattern’s and: parental capital, parental perception of gender appropriate...
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...Term paper First draft Reflection Of Cartoons On Child Psychology (Based on problem with solution) Submitted to: Submitted by: Farzana Sharmin Pamela Islam (Senior Lecturer of English Department) Date Of Submission 11-02-2012 Content Topic Page # Abstract 3 # Introduction 4 # Methodology 5 # Literature 6 # Findings( only our own view) 7-8 # Limitation ...
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...to specific, which is sometimes referred to as top down approach. The data collected is usually prepared for statistical analysis. (Wikipedia.org.). This type of research is associated the following research paradigms: 1. Positivism This is a research paradigm that tries to uncover the one truth about how things are or at least what we focus on. It also explores social reality based on philosophical ideas with the emphasis of observation and reason as means of understanding human behavior. It is therefore based on human rationality, objectivity and precision. This study demonstrated the girls transition in the World, Africa and finally how transition of girls from primary to secondary school has affected the Teso community in Kenya. The UNESCO report (2009) guided the researcher to observe that the transition rate from primary to secondary school was 62%. And it was observed that the enrollment of girls and boys was 57% and 66% respectively. (Page 4) Government of Kenya (2009) report also aided the researcher to find that the enrollment for girls at secondary level decreases to below 30% from 50% of the total enrollment at primary school level. (Page 6) 2. Emancipatory/ Advocacy/ Participatory approach/paradigm This paradigm places central importance on the lives and experiences of the diverse groups that traditionally have been marginalized. In this case study, the researcher used this paradigm in gender disparities and how it has affected the world and the Teso community...
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...Researchers seek to gain understanding of phenomenon through observations and interviews in a given setting - and in the analysis to faithfully communicate to others the results of their study. The key is for the researcher to present the understanding from the participants’ perspective and not the researchers. The researcher can also employ outside methods to validate information. All ethical guidelines are applied in the process and participants were made aware of the study. The important ideas of research design and approach were applied in developing and performing the research. Data collection methods that are valid and reliable were applied in the study. Research Simulation - How do fostering physical activities in children relate to child outcomes including family attachment, physical fitness level and obesity, social skills and effectiveness overtime? This research study simulation is on the effects of fostering physical activities in children and the effects in outcomes overtime. The overall topic is on enhancing physical opportunities for children at the school, home and the outdoors in a structured manner. Introducing the physical activity habits at early ages will increase the possibility of continued physical activity in all stages of life resulting in increased lifelong health benefits. The goal is to establish the existence of a relationship between physical activity and the overall well being of the child later in all aspects of life. The major question being...
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...CHILD ABUSE & MALTREATMENT B. Statement of Problem Child abuse is one of the most serious and heart-wrenching crime facing our society today, it is certainly one of the most heart-wrenching. Child abuse is a terrible crime where the victims are repressed to such an extent where they are afraid of confronting or reporting the perpetrator to authorities. Therefore, the laws and policies surrounding abusive activity need to be evaluated in such a way that third parties who are fully aware that abuse has occurred — are under a legal obligation to report the situation to the authorities. C. * Effects of Maltreatment on Children's’ Emotional Development. * The medium and long-term consequences of physical and sexual abuse on children. * The Impact of Policy on the Prevention of Child Abuse D. There are no currently available data to verify the claims of increasing child abuse within the country, asides, occasional spurious mentions in the media. The scope of this study is to determine, based on available data from the authorities and findings through surveys / FGDs, * Types of maltreatment * Characteristics of victims * Fatalities * Characteristics of Abuser / Molester * Estimation of non-reported child abuse E. Elaboration Likelihood Model Message elaboration is the central route of persuasion that produces major positive attitude change. It occurs when unbiased listeners are motivated and able to scrutinize arguments that they consider strong. Message-irrelevant...
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...The one-child policy is the one-child limitation in the population control policy of the People's Republic of China. The Chinese government refers to it under the official translation of family planning policy. It officially restricts married, urban couples to having only one child, while allowing exemptions for several cases, including rural couples, ethnic minorities, and parents without any siblings themselves. A spokesperson of the Committee on the One-Child Policy has said that approximately 35.9% of China's population is currently subject to the one-child restriction. The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are completely exempt from the policy. Also exempt from this law are foreigners living in China. This policy was introduced in 1978 and initially applied to first-born children in the year of 1979. It was created by the Chinese government to alleviate social, economic, and environmental problems in China, and authorities claim that the policy has prevented between 250 and 300 million births from its implementation until 2000, The policy is controversial both within and outside China because of the manner in which the policy has been implemented, and because of concerns about negative social consequences. The policy has been implicated in an increase in forced abortions, of female births, and has been suggested as a possible cause behind China's gender imbalance. Nonetheless, a 2008 survey undertaken by the Pew Research Center reported that 76% of the...
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